金礦開采外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2600字</b></p><p><b>　　引 言</b></p><p>　　大場(chǎng)金礦是青海省北巴顏喀拉地區(qū)“十五”期間發(fā)現(xiàn)的大型金礦床，位于青海省玉樹藏族自治州曲麻萊縣瑪多鄉(xiāng)北部，大地構(gòu)造位置處于巴顏喀拉印支期造山帶北側(cè)，北以布青山南坡斷裂為界與阿尼瑪卿縫合帶毗鄰。前人將大場(chǎng)金礦的金礦化類型定為造山型金礦

2、床，我們通過(guò)大場(chǎng)地區(qū)1: 5萬(wàn)礦產(chǎn)地質(zhì)調(diào)查研究后認(rèn)為，大場(chǎng)金礦可與川西部東北寨金礦、桂西北金牙金礦等類比，金礦化類型為微細(xì)粒浸染型金礦.</p><p>　　1大場(chǎng)金礦床地質(zhì)背景</p><p>　　大場(chǎng)金礦處于北巴顏喀拉印支燕山期金、銻成礦帶，金礦賦礦層位為中三疊世巴顏</p><p>　　喀拉山群板巖夾砂巖組，為一套典型的濁積巖，容礦巖石主要為深灰色泥鈣質(zhì)板巖、

3、斑點(diǎn)</p><p>　　板巖夾灰色長(zhǎng)石砂巖。金礦體在平面上嚴(yán)格受斷裂構(gòu)造破碎帶控制，因而容礦巖石普遍具不同程度的破碎變形，直至部分成為碎裂巖。斷裂構(gòu)造多沿背斜軸部產(chǎn)生。礦區(qū)熱液蝕變發(fā)育，其規(guī)模和強(qiáng)度決定于構(gòu)造破碎帶規(guī)模、性質(zhì)和巖石能干性。主要蝕變有硅化、絹云母化、硫化物化，局部有高嶺土化、碳酸巖化。其中黃鐵礦化、毒砂礦化、輝銻礦化、絹云母化、硅化與金礦化關(guān)系最密切，自礦體中心向外依次是硅化、硫化物化、絹云母化、

4、碳酸巖化、高嶺土化。礦石礦物主要為黃鐵礦和毒砂，脈石礦物主要為石英、方解石，載金礦物主要為熱液黃鐵礦和毒砂，金呈分散狀態(tài)賦存在兩礦物的晶粒內(nèi)，無(wú)明顯的集中分布區(qū)。礦床特征元素組合為Hg- As- Sb一Au, Au與Hg,As,Sb，通常成正相關(guān)，平面上Sb ,Au異常往往被包于Hg,As異常之內(nèi)，具低溫元素組合特征。礦床附近石英脈非常發(fā)育。</p><p>　　金礦體多呈NW一SE向等間距分布的特征，截止200

5、4年已控制金礦體33條，礦體延</p><p>　　伸長(zhǎng)度從160一 2700m不等，礦體厚度0.5~17.76m,沿礦體傾向控制斜深187m。礦石金</p><p>　　品位最高110g/t，最低0.8g/t，一般2~9g/t，平均5. 76g/t，通過(guò)對(duì)礦區(qū)24條礦體資源量估算，共獲得333+334金資源量81. 4噸，達(dá)大型規(guī)模。</p><p>　　礦床圍巖

6、和礦石中的黃鐵礦單礦物的δ34S值介于一7.78%0 -0.66%0之間，平均一4. 97 %0，數(shù)值變化范圍小，顯示地層硫來(lái)源。大場(chǎng)金礦床主要有兩種流體:其一是CO2一H20體系流體，其二是NaCI-H20體系的流體。前者形成于236℃一315℃、低鹽度( 2.62-7.48wtd/mNaCI)、富含CO2、有少量CH4和(或)N2組分集中于-58.4℃一57.0℃之間，略低于純CO2的三相點(diǎn)溫度；后者的均一溫度有兩個(gè)峰:一是232℃

7、一275℃、鹽度4.86一9. 47 wtd/mNaCI，二是149℃一229℃、鹽度2.41一 8.95 wtd/mNaCI。流體不混溶作用發(fā)生于236℃一275℃，經(jīng)流體不混溶液作用分離出的CO2- H20流體和NaCl- H20流體是主要的金成礦流體。大場(chǎng)礦區(qū)4件黃鐵礦樣品的206Pb/204Pb，比值為18.3540—18.3795，平均值為18.3625；207Pb/204Pb，為15.5720- 15.5921，平均值為15

8、.5790；208Pb/204為38.2710—38.3183，平均值為38. 2918，是典型的異常鉛。在Za</p><p>　　上述信息表明，大場(chǎng)金礦的成礦元素、硫和脈石組分主要來(lái)自地層，成礦溶液為大氣降水形成的深層地下水。濁積巖建造、區(qū)域性地?zé)岙惓：团涮讛嗔严到y(tǒng)是成礦最重要的條件。</p><p><b>　　2成礦條件</b></p><

9、p>　　2.1濁積巖建造為大場(chǎng)金礦的形成提供了成礦物質(zhì)的來(lái)源</p><p>　　大場(chǎng)金礦主要賦存在中三疊世巴顏喀拉山群板巖夾砂巖組地層中，主要由細(xì)碎屑巖沉積建造組成，是一套厚度巨大的黑色韻律層巖系，具典型的鮑馬層序特點(diǎn)，表現(xiàn)為:完整的韻律層從下至上為粗砂(礫)質(zhì)單元葉粉砂質(zhì)單元葉泥質(zhì)單元，普遍含少量的碳質(zhì)和黃鐵礦;砂質(zhì)單元底部常見(jiàn)溝模、槽模等構(gòu)造;發(fā)育微波狀層理;砂巖多為雜砂巖，分選差，磨圓度低;粉砂巖層

10、中發(fā)育遠(yuǎn)洋薄殼特點(diǎn)的雙殼化石(Halobia)和遺跡化石高原漫游跡(( Plno-litesm ontanus)，具典型深水濁流相特點(diǎn)。以上事實(shí)表明，廣泛分布于礦區(qū)的細(xì)碎屑巖建造是一套形成于深海環(huán)境的濁積巖建造。</p><p>　　該套地層巖石微量元素統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果為:碎裂巖含金最高為33.63x10-9，變化系數(shù)210%;粉砂巖12.07x10-9，變化系數(shù)400%;板巖9. 46x10-9，變化系數(shù)450%，超出

11、地殼豐度值幾倍一10倍。眾所周知，Au是一種變價(jià)元素，具有與S,O,C,H,As等許多元素結(jié)合成簡(jiǎn)單或復(fù)雜絡(luò)合物的能力，在地球化學(xué)行為上，既有親硫性和親鐵性，又有親碳性。以各種絡(luò)離子形式存在于水體中的金，易于被有機(jī)碳或者泥質(zhì)所吸附。濁積巖中普遍含有機(jī)碳的成分，在沉積過(guò)程中碳對(duì)金等元素有吸附作用，這必然使金等元素成為濁積巖中的特定或固有組分并導(dǎo)致原始富集，因而往往成為地質(zhì)歷史上的含金建造。大場(chǎng)金礦的成礦物質(zhì)來(lái)源于圍巖，亦就是作為含金地質(zhì)建

12、造的濁積巖。</p><p>　　2.2區(qū)域性地?zé)岙惓Ｊ墙鸬V成礦的熱動(dòng)力條件</p><p>　　溫度是使金由穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為活動(dòng)狀態(tài)的重要因素。一般來(lái)講，溫度升高，金的溶解</p><p>　　度也隨之增大。微細(xì)粒浸染型金礦的成礦，需要一定的熱動(dòng)力條件，以驅(qū)動(dòng)礦源層中的成</p><p>　　礦物質(zhì)運(yùn)移成礦l4l。大場(chǎng)地區(qū)作為這種熱動(dòng)力的熱源

13、主要表現(xiàn)在巖漿活動(dòng)和構(gòu)造作用兩</p><p><b>　　個(gè)方面。</b></p><p>　　巖漿活動(dòng):區(qū)內(nèi)石英脈十分發(fā)育，東部出露印支燕山期花崗巖，它們?cè)谇秩牒蟮南喈?dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)所產(chǎn)生的熱效應(yīng)，必然導(dǎo)致一定范圍內(nèi)熱異常的出現(xiàn)。大場(chǎng)微細(xì)粒浸染型金礦所反映的中低溫礦化與巖體和巖脈的某種空間聯(lián)系，實(shí)際就是這種熱場(chǎng)的反映。</p><p>　　構(gòu)造

14、作用:大場(chǎng)金礦區(qū)大地構(gòu)造環(huán)境上位于北巴顏喀拉印支期造山帶，北臨阿尼瑪卿</p><p>　　晚古生代一早中生帶縫合帶，自印支晚期后，本區(qū)長(zhǎng)期處于強(qiáng)擠壓狀態(tài)。擠壓作用導(dǎo)致巖</p><p>　　層發(fā)生褶皺變形、巖石破碎和位移的過(guò)程中，有大量構(gòu)造動(dòng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能，運(yùn)動(dòng)巖塊之間</p><p>　　的摩擦熱甚至可以達(dá)到使巖石熔化的程度。區(qū)域高的熱流值是擠壓造山帶的重要特征。

15、</p><p>　　巖漿熱和構(gòu)造熱的結(jié)合，使得大場(chǎng)地區(qū)成為一地?zé)岙惓^(qū)，并具有較高的古地溫梯</p><p>　　度區(qū)內(nèi)構(gòu)造破碎帶發(fā)育的鈣化就是地?zé)岙惓５淖糇C.</p><p>　　2.3配套的斷裂系統(tǒng)是礦液運(yùn)移和礦化定位空間</p><p>　　大場(chǎng)微細(xì)粒浸染型金礦與斷裂破碎帶形影相依。含礦斷裂為瑪多一甘德深大斷裂旁側(cè)的與深大斷裂基本呈平

16、行分布的次級(jí)斷裂，礦化主要富集于斷裂構(gòu)造性質(zhì)由壓扭性轉(zhuǎn)化為張性擴(kuò)張部位。由于成礦所需的富集系數(shù)特大，為能在大范圍內(nèi)聚集成礦元素，就必須有深切割的斷裂存在，以造成和深部的溝通并形成大規(guī)模的熱液環(huán)流系統(tǒng)，這就是礦化與大斷裂具有時(shí)空聯(lián)系的原因。旁側(cè)次級(jí)壓扭性斷裂，能造成良好的屏蔽條件和半封閉環(huán)境，溫度、壓力下降緩慢，有利于交代作用的充分進(jìn)行和高硫低氧型礦質(zhì)的形成，在張性空間礦體定位。綜上所述，三疊紀(jì)沉積作用所形成的濁積巖建造，是一種含金地質(zhì)建

17、造，主要以吸附形式存在于其中的金大多為可釋放(活性)金，為成礦奠定了豐富的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。印支晚期開始的強(qiáng)烈構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)所造成的圍壓環(huán)境下的構(gòu)造巖漿活動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致了廣泛的熱效應(yīng)和擴(kuò)容空間效應(yīng)，為金的活化、轉(zhuǎn)移、聚集創(chuàng)造了有利條件。</p><p><b>　　外文原文</b></p><p><b>　　Lead it</b></p><p

18、>　　Big gold mine is north BaYanKaLa region of qinghai province during the period of "15" found large gold deposit, located in qinghai province yushu Tibetan autonomous prefecture song ma ma lai county townsh

19、ip north, tectonic position in BaYanKaLa indosinian orogenic belt on the north, north by a cloth green south slope fracture adjacent to nima o qing suture zone.Predecessors of the large gold deposit of gold mineralizatio

20、n type orogenic type gold deposits, we through large area 1: after 50000 min</p><p>　　mineralization types for the microgranular disseminated type gold deposit.</p><p>　　A large gold deposit ge

21、ological background</p><p>　　Big game gold deposit in north BaYanKaLa indosinian yanshanian gold, antimony mineralization belt, the gold mine of fu seam for Triassic ba yan kara mountains SLATE clip sandston

22、e group, is a set of typical turbidite, ore rock mainly for dark grey mud calcium feldspar sandstone SLATE, speckled SLATE gray. Gold ore body in the plane strictly controlled by the fault fracture zone, and therefore wi

23、th different degree of broken ore rock common deformation, until the part be cataclastic rock. Fractur</p><p>　　mainlypyrite and arsenopyrite, gangue mineral.</p><p>　　Gold ore body is in a SE t

24、o NW spacing distribution characteristics, such as control by 2004 has 33 gold orebodies, the ore body stretch length ranging from 160 a 160 m, ore body thickness 0.5 ~ 0.5 m, 187 m along the deep ore body tilted control

25、. Gold ore grade of up to 110 g/t, lowest 0.8 g/t, general 2 ~ 9 g/t, the average 5. 76 g/t, through to the mining area of 24 ore resource estimation, a total of 333 + 334 gold resources in 334. The 4 tons, up to large s

26、cale.</p><p>　　Pyrite ore deposits in the surrounding rock and ore of single mineral of the delta 34 s value between a 7.78% 0 0-0.66%, the average 4. 97% 0, numerical range is small, shows that formation of

27、 sulfur source. Big game there are two main types of gold deposits in the fluid: one is the CO2 fluid H20 system, secondly, NaCI - H20 system of fluid. The former was formed in 236 ℃, 315 ℃, low salinity (2.62-7.48 WTD/m

28、NaCI), rich CO2 and CH4 and (or) a small amount of N2 components concentration between a</p><p><b>　　area.</b></p><p>　　The above information shows that big gold mine of ore-forming

29、elements, sulfur and gangue components mainly comes from stratum, the ore-forming solution for atmospheric precipitation formation of deep groundwater. Turbidite fracture system construction, regional geothermal </p&g

30、t;<p>　　anomaly and matching is the most important metallogenic conditions.</p><p>　　Two metallogenic conditions</p><p>　　2.1 turbidite built for large formation of gold deposit provides

31、a source of ore-forming materials.</p><p>　　Big gold deposit mainly occurs in the Triassic BaYanKaLa mountains SLATE clip in sandstone formation, mainly composed of fine clastic sedimentary formation, thickn

32、ess is a huge black rhythmic rock series, with typical BaoMa sequence characteristics, characterized by: the rhythm of complete layer from the bottom of the coarse sand (gravel) mass unit leaf silty unit leaf argillaceou

33、s unit, generally contain a small amount of carbon and pyrite; Sandy unit common ditch at the bottom of the die, die </p><p>　　rock formed in the deep sea environment construction.</p><p>　　The

34、strata rock microelement statistical results as follows: cataclastic rock gold up to 33.63 x10-9, variation coefficient of 210%; Siltstone 12.07 x10-9, variation coefficient of 400%; SLATE 9. 46 x10-9, variation coeffici

35、ent 450%, beyond the earth's crust abundance value several times a 10 times. As is known to all, Au is a base element, with S, O, C, H, As many elements such As the ability of combined into simple or complex complex,

36、 on the geochemical behavior, both close sex and sulfur TieX</p><p>　　2.2 regional geothermal anomaly is the thermodynamic condition of gold mineralization.</p><p>　　Temperature is the transform

37、ation of gold from stable state to an important factor of active state. Generally speaking, temperature, degree of the dissolution of gold also will increase. The microgranular disseminated type gold mineralization, need

38、s certain thermodynamic conditions, to drive the source bed of migration of metallogenic l4l into minerals. Large area as the thermodynamic heat source mainly displays in two aspects of magmatism and tectonic action.<

39、/p><p>　　Magmatic activity: quartz veins in the area are well-developed, eastern outcropped indosinian yanshanian granite, they are after the invasion of the thermal effect produced by a long time, inevitably l

40、ead to the emergence of a certain line heating anomaly. Large field of microgranular disseminated type gold deposit is a reflection of the low-temperature mineralized </p><p>　　contact some space and dike ro

41、ck mass, is actually a reflection of this hot field.</p><p>　　Structure: large tectonic environment field gold mining area is located in the north BaYanKaLa indosinian orogenic belt, in the north, nima qing

42、was born with suture zone in late Paleozoic early in the morning, since the late indosinian, regional strong compressive state for a long time. Extrusion effect in rock layer is fold deformation, in the process of rock b

43、reaking and displacement, kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, a large number of structure movement between rock frictional he</p><p>　　is an important characteristic of extrusion of orogenic belts.

44、</p><p>　　Magma heat and heat is the combination of structural, making large area become a geothermal anomaly area, and has high degree of palaeogeothermal ladder tectonic fracture zone </p><p>

45、　　in the area of calcification is geothermal anomaly evidence.</p><p>　　2.3 the fracture system of form a complete set is ore fluid migration and mineralization locate space.</p><p>　　Large fiel

46、d and fractured zone of the microgranular disseminated deposits around together. Ore fracture for deep fault that more than a gander side of deep fault that with basic secondary fracture distribution is parallel, mineral

47、ization mainly occurred in the compression shear fracture properties into extensional expansion area. Because of metallogenic enrichment coefficient of the required and to gather the ore-forming elements in the big scope