殘障概況

1、The UNCRPD Implementation and the Civil Society Organizations for persons with Disabilities in China,Song SONGChina Intellectual and Developmental and Disability Network2016.02,1.1中國(guó)的殘障定義 Definition of Disability,1

2、.《殘疾人保障法》The Protection Law for Pwds ：殘疾人是指在心理、生理、人體結(jié)構(gòu)上，某種組織、功能喪失或者不正常，全部或者部分喪失以正常方式從事某種活動(dòng)能力的人。殘疾人包括視力殘疾、聽力殘疾、言語(yǔ)殘疾、肢體殘疾、智力殘疾、精神殘疾、多重殘疾和其他殘疾的人。The definition of a person with disabilities is as follows: 'A person wi

3、th disabilities refers to one who has abnormalities or loss of a certain organ or function, psychologically or physiologically, or in anatomical structure and has lost wholly or in part the ability to perform an activity

4、 in the way considered normal.' (Article 2). The key point lies in a person not ‘considered normal’ psychologically or physiologically, concentrating flaws and illness in the body of an individual. It’s on the view

5、of Medical Modal and focus on which is normal or not on sb’s impairment what you cannot do compare to most people who can do.,Means compare to CRPD,而《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》的視角是參與社會(huì)受到限制或排斥，包括有形的客觀方面的障礙和無(wú)形的主觀方面的態(tài)度，是社會(huì)模型維度。However, CRPD

6、 is based on social modal, the Convention's point of view is that the reason a person with disabilities is restricted in or excluded from participating in society is not because they have a disability, but because of

7、 all kinds of barriers beyond disability. These include tangible barriers and intangible backward ideas and negative attitudes, and these lead to obstacles including in the law and its implementation.,身心障礙評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：China has

8、at least 5 kinds of definition from different regulations1987年和2006年進(jìn)行兩次殘疾人抽樣調(diào)查時(shí)分別制定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2004年《軍人殘疾等級(jí)評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(試行)》，2008年《中國(guó)殘疾人實(shí)用評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（試用）》，2011年，首部國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《殘疾人殘疾分類和分級(jí)》實(shí)施，在重視身體和生理結(jié)構(gòu)缺損的同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)功能障礙和社會(huì)適應(yīng)性。此外，中國(guó)現(xiàn)有工傷、交通事故、司法鑒定等涉及不同領(lǐng)域的“傷、殘

9、”評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,,《殘疾人權(quán)利公約》（CRPD），該公約描述“殘疾”是一種演變中的概念，“殘疾是傷殘者和阻礙他們?cè)谂c其他人平等的基礎(chǔ)上充分和切實(shí)地參與社會(huì)的各種態(tài)度和環(huán)境障礙相互作用所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果”。Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in

10、 interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.(Article 1Purpose),CRPD and ICF,,《國(guó)際功能殘疾和健康分類》（ICF，International classification of functioning

11、, disability and health），該分類描述“殘疾”是覆蓋面廣的術(shù)語(yǔ)，包括：損傷、活動(dòng)受限和參與限制。是伴有健康問(wèn)題和環(huán)境因素（如自然環(huán)境，態(tài)度）以及個(gè)人因素（如年齡或性別）之間相互作用的結(jié)果。Since 2001, ICF has been demonstrating a broader, more modern view of the concepts of “health” and “disability” th

12、rough the acknowledgement that every human being may experience some degree of disability in their life through a change in health or in environment. Disability is a universal human experience, sometimes permanent, somet

13、imes transient. It is not something restricted to a small part of the population.ICF focuses on impact. This creates a foundation and a common framework allowing all conditions to be compared using a common metric - the

14、 impact on the functioning of the individual.Furthermore, ICF looks beyond the idea of a purely medical or biological conceptualization of dysfunction, taking into account the other critical aspects of disability. This

15、allows for the impact of the environment and other contextual factors on the functioning of an individual or a population to be considered, analyzed, and recorded.,世界部分國(guó)家身心障礙人口比例Population ratio of physical and mental di

16、sabilities,[1]英國(guó)，美國(guó)，澳大利亞數(shù)據(jù)參閱中國(guó)殘聯(lián)副理事長(zhǎng)程凱博士2012年11月17日在北京大學(xué)所做的《中國(guó)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展回顧與展望》演講。其他國(guó)家數(shù)據(jù)參見Mont,Daniel.“Measuring Disability Prevalence” World Bank SP Discussion Paper No.0706(Mar 2007) p2.,1.2中國(guó)殘障者人數(shù) Status of Pwds in China

17、,2011年中國(guó)殘疾人總?cè)藬?shù)8502萬(wàn)人，占人口總量的6.34％。其中，智力殘疾568萬(wàn)人；精神殘疾629萬(wàn)人；多重殘疾1386萬(wàn)人。每16個(gè)人中有一個(gè)殘疾人，約每4個(gè)家庭有一個(gè)殘疾人，殘疾人親屬的數(shù)量達(dá)到2.6億。來(lái)自《2011年中國(guó)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)》推算。,1.3殘障相關(guān)法律 Laws and Regulations on Pwds,1990年，頒布實(shí)施《殘疾人保障法》2008年修訂；1990，China Law on the

18、 Protection of Persons with Disabilities，in 2008 revised it according to the core spirit and general principal of UNCRPD The first Article of the general principals of the revised 2008 Protection Law states that 'Th

19、is Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of persons with disabilities, promoting the work on disability, ensuring the equal and full partic

20、ipation of persons with disabilities in social life and their share of the material and cultural wealth of society' thereby establishing the purpose and rational framework of the Protection Law. Correspondingly, the

21、aim of the Convention states: 'The purpose of the present Convention is to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and t

22、o promote respect for their inherent dignity. (Article 1). 1994年，頒布實(shí)施《殘疾人教育條例》，正在討論修訂；1994,The Regulations on Education of Persons with Disabilities, at present, it’s on process of emending2007年，頒布實(shí)施《殘疾人就業(yè)條例》,2007,The

23、Regulations on Employment of Persons with Disabilities,laws and regulations are also formulated on the basis of the rationale and framework of the Protection Law,2008年，批準(zhǔn)《聯(lián)合國(guó)殘疾人權(quán)利公約 》和發(fā)布《中共中央 國(guó)務(wù)院促進(jìn)殘疾人事業(yè)發(fā)展的意見》in 2008, rat

24、ified UNCRPD ，come out with Opinions on promoting the development of the disabled by CPC Central Committee and Central Government 2012年，公布《無(wú)障礙環(huán)境建設(shè)條例》，Regulations on the construction of barrier free environment；《關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)殘疾

25、人社會(huì)保障體系和服務(wù)體系建設(shè)指導(dǎo)意見的通知》（國(guó)辦發(fā)〔2010〕19號(hào)） Guidance on accelerating the construction of social security system and service system for the disabled2013年，實(shí)施《精神衛(wèi)生法》， Mental Health Law 2014年，《特殊教育提升計(jì)劃》, Special education promoti

26、on program,,2015年，《國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于加快推進(jìn)殘疾人小康進(jìn)程的意見》，《關(guān)于發(fā)展殘疾人輔助性就業(yè)的意見》[殘聯(lián)發(fā)〔2015〕27號(hào)]，《國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于全面建立困難殘疾人生活補(bǔ)貼和重度殘疾人護(hù)理補(bǔ)貼制度的意見》 (國(guó)發(fā)〔2015〕52號(hào))，《殘疾預(yù)防和殘疾人康復(fù)條例（草案）（征求意見稿）》，起草制定《國(guó)家殘疾預(yù)防行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，涉及殘疾人權(quán)益保障的法律法規(guī)有50多部，現(xiàn)已形成以殘疾人保障法為核心，以行政法規(guī)、地方法規(guī)為支

27、撐的保障殘疾人權(quán)益的法律體系。,1.4主要?dú)堈辖M織,公約的參與 Involvement of CRPD,2.1 談判過(guò)程N(yùn)egotiation process心智聯(lián)會(huì)前秘書長(zhǎng)張巍先生還德國(guó)海德堡大學(xué)留學(xué)的時(shí)候，其導(dǎo)師作為公約的主要起草者之一，張巍先生得以了解；張巍先生受到中國(guó)殘疾人聯(lián)合會(huì)國(guó)際部的邀請(qǐng)，作為海外專家參與公約條款的討論；2.2 批準(zhǔn)過(guò)程 Ratificaction Process心智聯(lián)會(huì)沒有參與全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委

28、員會(huì)的立法過(guò)程；此事由全國(guó)人大法工委提交審議，沒有民間組織參與；2.3 reporting processCIDDN had not took part in the initial report of China government,2.4 Review Process,2.4.1shadow report Enable Disability Study Institute submitted alternative rep

29、ort to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of People with Disabilities in 2010.CIDDN had prepared a alternative report as well , however, CIDDN did not submit to the Committee due to they had not done all the ini

30、tial report of those governments. CIDDN has been researching on basic rights in CRPD for Pwds and doing survey report on specific issues mentioned in the Concluding Observations.It is supported by a proposal cooperated

31、with HI and One plus one.,2.4.2 List of Issues,CIDDN had no influence list of Issues.2.4.3 Reply to List of Issues—No 2.4.4 Proposals for Concluding Observations (we did not make our own proposals for Concluding Observ

32、ations)2.4.5 Briefing and Constructive Dialogue (we did not take part in any sessions of the Committee before your session.) 2.5 Concluding Observations(COB) and Follow-up ProcessCIDDN find the COB on the website of

33、UN committee.By making use of the COB, we design some right-based proposal cored with these issues, such as promoting the Inclusive education in preschool education and supportive employment for persons with intellectua

34、l disability.,3. Before and After the CRPD: Major Changes and Challenges,3.1 What kind of changes, thanks to the CRPD?,3.2What have been major challenges facing CSOs and DPOs in promoting the CRPD in your country/territo