世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇-增強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中的公私合作國家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施加速（英文）

1、World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva SwitzerlandTel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744Email: contact@weforum.org www.weforum.org© 2018 World Economic Forum. All righ

2、ts reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.,,3,Empowering Public-Pr

3、ivate Collaboration in Infrastructure,Preface,Foreword,Executive summary,Context1. Infrastructure investment gap,2. Public-private collaboration to unlock the investment potential,3. Objective of the reportThe Natio

4、nal Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) approach,1. NIA origins – Indonesia’s need for a sustained country dialogue,2. The approach,3. NIA Implementation Roadmap,Step 1: Assess country readiness,Step 2: Identify key stak

5、eholders,Step 3: Understand the needs,Step 4: Build the structure,Step 5: Define the action plan,Step 6: Track progress and measure success,The way forward,Annexes,1. NIA Implementation Checklist,2. Related World Econom

6、ic Forum reports and publications,Endnotes,5,6,7,8,8,10,10,11,11,11,12,12,13,14,14,18,19,20,21,21,22,23,Contents,,4,Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure,,5,Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in

7、 Infrastructure,,Preface,Over the past decade, through its dedicated infrastructure and investment work streams, the World Economic Forum has deployed significant resources to develop public-private cooperation and fac

8、ilitate the adoption of global best practices in areas related to infrastructure development and financing.Our experience shows that a high level of mistrust still exists between the stakeholders, which often manifes

9、ts itself when national infrastructure programmes are being planned, financed or executed. In this context, the National Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) initiative offers a platform where the body of knowledge and ex

10、perience acquired globally translates into concrete measures that contribute to boosting strategic infrastructure development and investment at a country level.,In close cooperation with S&P Global, and under the Ch

11、airmanship of its President and Chief Executive Officer, Douglas L. Peterson, the NIA initiative has developed a unique approach to bringing the public and private sectors together in a sustained dialogue on infrastruc

12、ture investment. Co- sponsored by governments in each country, NIA helps policy-makers streamline their infrastructure project pipelines and identify ongoing bottlenecks to unlock greater financing with private-sector

13、input.,After having developed and tested the model in several key economies, including Argentina, Brazil, India, Indonesia and Viet Nam, the initiative is able to present a standardized NIA Implementation Roadmap. The

14、description of a series of activities that have proven to be effective in implementing NIA at a country level will help governments and businesses across the world replicate the approach and leverage its significant po

15、tential.,The initiative and the Roadmap were developed in close cooperation with S&P Global. The model and recommendations were built through interviews with national working group members from the private sector,

16、reviewed by select policy-makers and perfected by the tremendous work and intellectual capital developed on this topic by groups such as the World Economic Forum System Initiatives on Shaping the Future of Long-Term In

17、vesting, Infrastructure and Development and on Shaping the Future of Energy, and by Regional Business Councils. We wish to thank Douglas L. Peterson and S&P Global for providing executive leadership and support thr

18、oughout the process, as well as the interview participants and Members of the national working groups for their invaluable contributions.,Maha Eltobgy, Head, Shaping the Future of LT Investing, Infrastructure &

19、 Development,Member of the Executive Committee,,,6,Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure,Foreword,As I interact with public- and private-sector leaders around the world, the case for infrastructure

20、 investment is clear and widely understood: it is essential to competitiveness, improved public health, a vibrant private sector creating jobs, sustainable growth, connectivity to the global economy, a global energy t

21、ransition and to keep pace with extraordinarily rapid technological advancement.The opportunity for billions of dollars of private capital to drive that investment in the face of globally constrained public budgets is

22、understood almost as well.What is lacking is a common playbook between the public and private sectors for how to unleash the tremendous potential of private financing and partnerships to provide needed, modern infrast

23、ructure to every corner of the world.,The methodical approach developed by the World Economic Forum and S&P Global through the National Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) initiative creates a platform where a proven

24、 yet tailored pathway to accelerate the development of a country’s infrastructure can be embraced and implemented.,This model, based on the systematic use of multistakeholder working groups with public-sector leadersh

25、ip, is built to establish concrete measures and public-private action plans – ultimately reforming the way countries engage with businesses and attract private financing for infrastructure projects.The approach was c

26、onstructed and tested in Argentina, Indonesia, India, Brazil and Viet Nam and is poised to be replicated even more broadly.S&P Global has been providing data and insights to the markets on infrastructure projects

27、for nearly 160 years. I congratulate the World Economic Forum and the governments and many individuals that committed substantial time and expertise to making such a significant impact with this initiative.,Douglas L.

28、 Peterson, President and Chief Executive Officer, S&P Global, USA,,,7,Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure,Executive summary,Infrastructure is a key economic and social driver of sustained g

29、rowth and acts as a true enabler of a country’s competitiveness. Yet new infrastructure development remains insufficient and ineffective, and many investors continue to be discouraged by a general lack of information

30、, the absence of bankable deals and risky policy environments. Enhanced public-private collaboration and understanding are therefore required more than ever, as stretched government budgets and increasing infrastructu

31、re needs conspire to widen the infrastructure financing gap.There is no silver bullet for addressing the many facets of this global challenge; however, in a world where there is no shortage of capital, pursuing the

32、right collaborations and frameworks may offer a potential solution. In this context, the National Infrastructure Acceleration (NIA) model proposes an innovative approach to a sustainedcountry dialogue to address infr

33、astructure development and investment.NIA facilitates interaction between the private sector and governments, thereby contributing to improving countries’ investment climates, deepening local capital markets and ul

34、timately accelerating the development of infrastructure pipelines.To achieve this, the NIA initiative convenes national multistakeholder working groups, recognized and endorsed by the national governments concerned.

35、 These working groups represent a standing, multistakeholder platform designed to facilitate interaction between its members, the goal of which is to identify actionable solutions to advance infrastructure developmen

36、t and financing. They also provide a space to address policy questions and initiate collaborative projects among members.This report describes a standardized NIA Implementation Roadmap created by the World Economic

37、Forum in close cooperation with S&P Global. By defining a series of activities that have proven to be effective in implementing NIA successfully at a country level, the Forum aspires to expand its reach and furth

38、er the adoption of the model in additional countries, municipalities and regions around the world.This publication is intended to serve as a blueprint for policy-makers, private entities and multilateral development

39、 banks (MDBs) that want to introduce a sustainable model for public-private collaboration in their respective countries or jurisdictions.,,8,Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure,1. Infrastructure

40、investment gapInfrastructure is considered a core driver of economic prosperity. A majority of studies report infrastructure’s significant and positive effect on output, productivity and long-term growth rates. In th

41、e United States, according to S&P Global, an additional 1% of real GDP spent on infrastructure could boost the economy by a factor of1.2. Advocating for increased infrastructure delivery is not an abstract callin

42、g. In 2013, the World Economic Forum,reported that the infrastructure in Colombia was among the worst in Latin America.1 Since then, the governmenthas realized a series of institutional reforms to help increase the vo

43、lume and quality of its overall infrastructure. Today, Colombia’s Infrastructure Index has improved, together with a significant upgrade in the quality of its roads, ports, electricity supply and other key structures

44、(Figure 1).2,Context,Source: World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014 and The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018,While Colombia and other countries around the world were able to boost their

45、 project delivery, infrastructure supply globally still does not keep pace with demand due to various impediments. They include, notably, public-sector budget constraints following the global financial crisis, as wel

46、l as the reluctance of private financiers to commit capital to long-term and risky projects. In addition, infrastructure programmes are hampered by several issues in the project origination and preparation phases, inc

47、luding suboptimal,project identification and prioritization, low-quality master- planning, slow permitting and procurement processes, and inadequate risk allocation and delivery models. As a result, private-sector par

48、ticipation in infrastructure projects globally has been insufficient, creating a large financing gap. The World Bank Group estimates that developing and developed markets together will need to invest around $94 trilli

49、on to close the global financing gap by 2040 (Figure 2).3,,Figure 1: Colombia infrastructure rankings, 2017-2018 and 2013 (out of 137 and 148, respectively)Colombia (2017-2018) Colombia (2013),37,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9

50、,Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure,Figure 2: Regional infrastructure investment needs, 2016-2040 ($ billion),Source: The World Bank Group, “Forecasting infrastructure investment needs for 50 count

51、ries, 7 sectors through 2040”, 10 August 2017,Challenges surrounding infrastructure investment affect both developed and developing countries. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, if measures aren’t t

52、aken to fund and repair the ageing infrastructure in the,United States, business could miss out on $7 trillion in sales by 2020, and its GDP would decline by $3.9 trillion. This translates into an annual loss of $3,400

53、 per household and2.5 million fewer US jobs (Figure 3).,Source: S&P Global Ratings, “Developing U.S. Infrastructure In An Era Of Emerging Challenges: Observations From Key Sectors”, June 2017,,,,,Figure 3: US infras

54、tructure needs in figuresChart 1: The U.S. infrastructure need in figures,,,,Much Needed Funds To lmprove Our Economy And Quality Of Lite,,,tt,e,,,,,,,,BROKENwatermain breaks,OVERPAIDper householdannually fordela

55、yed goods,Paylng the prlce of Inaction by 20201,{)$7TRILLIONlost in business sales,0$3.9TRILLIONlost in gross domestic product,{)$3,400PER YEARlost byhouseholds,02.5MILLIONfewer jobs in U.S.,LION2,4,5LOS

56、T,DISCHARGEDgallonsof untreated sewage,WASTEDby antiquated power transmission and distribution per year,,,,,,,10,Empowering Public-Private Collaboration in Infrastructure,2. Public-private collaboration to unlock t

57、he investment potentialTo secure the benefits of well-planned and functional infrastructure, governments need to increase the amount they invest in infrastructure. As many of them are under tight fiscal constraints,

58、 additional public investment is often difficult (if not impossible). In this context, greater cooperation and coordination between governments and the private sector appear essential. Combined with otherpolicy actio

59、ns, increased public-private collaboration usually provides a number of benefits, as illustrated in the sections below.,Optimize public-sector spendingSome forms of innovative financing models, such as the Asset Recy

60、cling model,4 allow governments to unlock the capital from existing infrastructure by leasing assets to investors keen to invest in a tried-and-true asset that generates stable and predictable returns over the longte

61、rm. Governments then can reinvest the capital proceeds into new infrastructure to meet the demand of future generations. This approach avoids the need to continually raise taxes or increase borrowing and debt levels a

62、nd has the potential to attract a larger number of international investors.,Enhance efficiency, innovation and technology transfer Public-private collaboration, through knowledge transfer and capacity building, can u

63、pskill public-sector officials and improve public procurements, ultimately upgrading the quality of project pipelines. Introducing private-sector technology and innovation into public processes can generate better pu

64、blic services through improved operational efficiency. Joint ventures with large international firms can help develop local market capabilities,improve quality standards and efficiency, as well as offer subcontractin

65、g opportunities to local firms. In the long term, this helps improve a country’s competitiveness and boosts its businesses and industry.,Facilitate dialogue and overcome mistrustFrom the private-sector perspective, un

66、der the right conditions, infrastructure has the potential to generate relatively stable risk-adjusted returns. Unfortunately, the lack of shared understanding, misalignment of incentives and persistent mistrust can

67、raise an invisible wall, hamperingthe delivery of many infrastructure projects. By encouraging information sharing and providing a space to address policy questions through a multistakeholder lens, public- private in

68、itiatives help align social benefits and business opportunities, ultimately accelerating the flow of private investment into infrastructure projects.,3. Objective of the reportThis report introduces an innovative appr

69、oach to public- private collaboration. Structured to facilitate interaction between governments, the private sector and MDBs, the approach helps to design solutions that will enable greater private-sector participati