國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局機(jī)動(dòng)車排污監(jiān)控中心-cleanairasia

1、China’s Vehicle Emission Management and Policies & Priorities 中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車排放管理政策及優(yōu)先考慮的問題,,Ding Yan 丁 焰Vehicle Emission Control CenterChinese State Environmental Protection Administration國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局機(jī)動(dòng)車排污監(jiān)控中心Beijing

2、 Oct.27 2005北京,2005年10月27日,CAI-Asia China Project Inception Workshop,第2頁(yè) Page 2,Contents 內(nèi)容,Part1. The Situation of Chinese Vehicle Pollution 中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車污染狀況 1.1 Air Quality of Chinese Cities 中國(guó)城市空氣質(zhì)量 1.2 Vehic

3、le Pollution Status in China 中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車污染狀況Part2. The Vehicle Pollution Control in China 中國(guó)的機(jī)動(dòng)車污染控制 2.1 The Vehicle Emission Regulations, Standards and Policies 　　　　　　機(jī)動(dòng)車排放政策、法規(guī)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2.2 Em

4、ission Control for New Vehicles　　　　　　新車排放控制 2.3 Emission Control for In-use Vehicle　　　　　　在用車排放控制 2.4 Environmental Requirements for Vehicle Fuels　　　　　　車用燃料的環(huán)保需求 Part3. The Priorities of

5、Vehicle Emission Control in the future 未來機(jī)動(dòng)車污染控制優(yōu)先考慮的問題,第3頁(yè) Page 3,Part 1,The Situation of Chinese Vehicle Pollution中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車污染狀況,第4頁(yè) Page 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Air Quality of Chinese

6、 Cities year 1998-20041998-2004年中國(guó)城市空氣質(zhì)量,0,20,40,60,80,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,Year,,,2 class of NAAQS,,exceed 2 class of NAAQS,,exceed 3 class of NAAQS,1.1 Air Quality of Chinese Cities 中國(guó)城市空氣質(zhì)量,（％）,第

7、5頁(yè) Page 5,In 2004, 210 cities exceeded the Class 2 limit values of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) within the total 342 monitored cities. In which 69 cities exceeded the Class 3 limit. 　　2004

8、年,受監(jiān)測(cè)的342個(gè)城市中有210個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量超過了國(guó)家環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中有69個(gè)城市超出了三級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。There was 2/3 population in urban areas where air quality exceeded the limits of NAAQS..2/3的城市居民生活在空氣質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo)的環(huán)境中。The major problems include SO2 and PM.

9、SO2和顆粒物成為主要的問題。,第6頁(yè) Page 6,In the past 10 years, air pollution in urban areas caused by coal burning had been under control in most regions in China. 　　過去10年中，中國(guó)大部分區(qū)域中由于燃煤而造成的城市空氣污染已逐步得到控制。Due to the fast

10、growth of vehicles population in the recent 10 years, esp. in large cities, air pollution from vehicle emission has become increasingly significant. Days and hours NOx and O3 concentrations exceeding NAAQS increased cont

11、inuously; most diesel vehicles smoked much; road dust resuspended by traffic;high concentrations of CO, HC and SO2 along roadsides. 　　近10年來，由于機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量的快速增長(zhǎng)，大城市中機(jī)動(dòng)車污染顯著惡化。 NOx 和 O3 濃度持續(xù)超標(biāo)；柴油車冒黑煙問題嚴(yán)重；道路交通揚(yáng)塵難以解決；道路兩側(cè)CO

12、、HC和SO2污染嚴(yán)重。,第7頁(yè) Page 7,Air Pollution Situation in Beijing City北京空氣污染狀況,In summer and autumn 2004, Beijing had 67 days and 285 hours with ozone exceeding NAAQS, 10 days and 30 hours more than 2003. 2004年夏秋兩季，

13、北京有67天、285小時(shí)臭氧超標(biāo)，比2003年同期多了10天、30小時(shí)。,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Unit: mg/m3,第8頁(yè) Page 8,1.2 Vehicle Pollution Status in China 中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車污染狀況,第9頁(yè) Page 9,About 50% of NOX comes from vehicles in large cities; 大城市中機(jī)動(dòng)車對(duì)NO

14、X貢獻(xiàn)率約為50% ；CO exceeds the NAAQS in heavy traffic urban areas; 城市交通擁堵地區(qū)CO超標(biāo)；There is a potential threaten of photochemical smog in large cities； 城市中存在發(fā)生光化學(xué)煙霧污染事件的危險(xiǎn)；Vehicle emission has become the majo

15、r sources of air pollutants in the large cities. 大城市中機(jī)動(dòng)車排放已成為主要大氣污染源。,第10頁(yè) Page 10,Part 2,The Vehicle Pollution Control in China中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車污染控制,第11頁(yè) Page 11,2.1 Regulations, Standards and Policies 政策、法規(guī)和

16、標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,Law大氣法和噪聲法,Regulation條例,,Technical policy & strategy技術(shù)政策,,,,,,Emission Control Standards排放控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn),SEPA Documents環(huán)?？偩窒嚓P(guān)文件,,,,第12頁(yè) Page 12,“The Law of Air Pollution Prevention of the People’s Republic of Ch

17、ina” and “The Law of Ambient Noise Pollution Prevention of the People’s Republic of China” are the legal basis of vehicle emission pollution control work in China.《中華人民共和國(guó)大氣污染防治法》和《中華人民共和國(guó)噪聲污染防治法》是中國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng)車污染控制的根本依據(jù)。,第13頁(yè)

18、 Page 13,Technical policies for emission control of gasoline vehicles, motorcycles and diesel vehicles have been made and implemented. 目前已經(jīng)制訂并執(zhí)行了汽油車、柴油車和摩托車的技術(shù)政策。Currently SEPA is working on the constitution o

19、f the Regulations of Vehicle Emission Pollution Control and Supervision. 國(guó)家環(huán)保總局現(xiàn)在正致力于制訂機(jī)動(dòng)車污染物排放控制和監(jiān)督管理?xiàng)l例。,第14頁(yè) Page 14,Since1983, SEPA has published and revised 34 standards of vehicle-emitted pollutants contr

20、ol, covering light-duty vehicle, heavy-duty vehicle, heavy-duty engine, motorcycles, mopeds and tri-wheel & low speed vehicle（agricultural transport vehicles）, etc. 自1983年起，國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局已經(jīng)發(fā)布和修訂了34個(gè)機(jī)動(dòng)車污染物排放控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，涵蓋了輕型汽車、重型

21、汽車、重型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、摩托車、輕便摩托車、三輪車和低速載貨汽車（農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車）等。 These standards include new vehicles and in-use vehicle.包括新車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和在用車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Comprehensive vehicle emission control standard system has been gradually established.機(jī)動(dòng)車排放控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系已基本建立。,第

22、15頁(yè) Page 15,The “Technical Strategy of Pollution Control for Motor Vehicles” was issued in June 1999 by SEPA, MOST. 1999年6月，國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局和科技部聯(lián)合制訂并發(fā)布了“汽車污染防治技術(shù)政策”。 The Emission Control Target for LDV, HDV and MC

23、 was ： 其中對(duì)輕、重型汽車和摩托車的污染控制目標(biāo)是：,2.2 Emission Control for New Vehicles 新車排放控制,第16頁(yè) Page 16,,,EURO I, 2000-2001；2000-2001年，相當(dāng)于歐洲1號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EURO II, 2004-2005；2004-2005年，相當(dāng)于歐洲2號(hào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)To meet the international Emiss

24、ion control level in about 2010.2010年，與國(guó)際排放控制水平接軌,第17頁(yè) Page 17,Without SEPA’s approval, vehicles & engines are not allowed to be produced, sold and registered.未經(jīng)國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局批準(zhǔn)發(fā)布的車、機(jī)型不得生產(chǎn)銷售和注冊(cè)。The catalog of app

25、roved environmental protection type approval vehicles & engines is issued by SEPA monthly.國(guó)家環(huán)?？偩置吭掳l(fā)布通過環(huán)保型式核準(zhǔn)的車、機(jī)型目錄。,Management for New Vehicle and Engine新生產(chǎn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及汽車的管理要求,第18頁(yè) Page 18,SEPA’s Environmental Prote

26、ction Requirements: 環(huán)?？偩謱?duì)新車和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的要求包括：,,Conformity Of Production生產(chǎn)一致性,In-use Compliance在用車符合性,Type Approval型式核準(zhǔn),Environmental recall環(huán)保召回,To establish and implement the “recall” to assure the new vehicles and engine

27、s fulfill the environmental requirements.最終，將通過制訂和實(shí)施機(jī)動(dòng)車環(huán)保召回制度，保證新生產(chǎn)車環(huán)保達(dá)標(biāo)。,,The conformity of Type Approval, management in the factory and the productions.申報(bào)資料、企業(yè)實(shí)施管理和車輛狀態(tài)的一致性。Includes:Type and specifications of the em

28、ission control key parts, test results, implementation of related management.包括：排放控制關(guān)鍵部件、檢測(cè)結(jié)果、相關(guān)管理程序的實(shí)施。To encourage the manufactures who does well in COP control.鼓勵(lì)環(huán)保一致性保證工作好的企業(yè)。,,For light-duty vehicle, the in-use c

29、ompliance will be enforced in phase 3.對(duì)于輕型車來說，在用車符合性要求將從國(guó)3階段開始實(shí)行。,,Test reports 檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告Related technical materials 相關(guān)技術(shù)資料COP plan 一致性保證計(jì)劃書,,第19頁(yè) Page 19,2.3 Emission Control for in-use Vehicle 在用車排

30、放控制,Periodic inspection of in-use vehicle is supervised by provincial and local environmental protection bureaus.  由省級(jí)及地方環(huán)境保護(hù)主管部門實(shí)施在用車的定期檢驗(yàn)。Spot check of in-use vehicle is carried out by local environmental p

31、rotection agencies 由地方環(huán)境保護(hù)主管部門實(shí)施在用車的抽查檢驗(yàn)。,第20頁(yè) Page 20,Enhance the measurement method of the vehicle emission check加強(qiáng)了在用車排放的檢測(cè)方法；Stricter monitoring and management for the vehicle emission inspection stat

32、ions對(duì)在用車排放檢測(cè)站加強(qiáng)管理和監(jiān)督； Promoting the establishment of the environmental label system積極推動(dòng)建立環(huán)保標(biāo)志制度；Establishment of the national vehicle emission data reporting system, including city-province-nation 3 Class 建立國(guó)家機(jī)動(dòng)車排放數(shù)

33、據(jù)報(bào)告制度，形成城市—省—國(guó)家的３級(jí)報(bào)告體系。,第21頁(yè) Page 21,2.4 Environmental Requirements for Vehicle Fuels車用燃料的環(huán)保要求,Drafting and Revising ‘Hazardous Materials Control Standard for Motor Vehicle Gasoline - GWKB1-1999’ 制訂和修訂車用汽油有害物質(zhì)

34、控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)To promote the Chinese low-sulfur fuel plan 制訂中國(guó)的低硫燃油計(jì)劃,第22頁(yè) Page 22,Part 3,The Priorities of Vehicle Emission Control in the future未來機(jī)動(dòng)車污染控制優(yōu)先考慮的問題,第23頁(yè) Page 23,,3.1 Emission Standards in the futu

35、re 未來的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Heavy-duty positive ignition engine ---Phase 3 and 4 重型點(diǎn)燃式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)第3和第4階段排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Motorcycle and Mopeds --- Phase 3 and 4 摩托車和輕便摩托車第3和第4階段排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Off-road engine 非道路機(jī)械發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Durability requirements f

36、or heavy-duty engine 重型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)耐久性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Air quality in vehicle 車內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),第24頁(yè) Page 24,3.2 Environmental Requirements for Vehicle Fuels in the future 未來對(duì)燃油的環(huán)保要求,Sulfur content 硫含量Olefin content 烯烴含量V

37、apor pressure 蒸氣壓Aromatic hydrocarbon 芳烴含量Benzene 苯含量Manganese 錳含量Oxygen content 氧含量Detergent 清凈劑,第25頁(yè) Page 25,3.3 Environmental Management Target 環(huán)境管理目標(biāo),To establish the regulations of vehicle emi

38、ssion pollution control and supervision. 完善法規(guī)體系，爭(zhēng)取盡早出臺(tái)《中華人民共和國(guó)機(jī)動(dòng) 車排放污染控制監(jiān)督管理?xiàng)l例》。 To build up a complete supervision system 　健全監(jiān)管制度，建立包括新車型式核準(zhǔn)、生產(chǎn)一致性 檢查、在用車符合性檢查，在用車定期和抽查檢測(cè)、 機(jī)動(dòng)車環(huán)保召回，以及老舊車淘汰報(bào)廢及回收拆解和

39、 車用燃料控制等較完整的監(jiān)管體制。對(duì)制造、銷售不　　在公告上或不達(dá)標(biāo)的汽車等違法行為，將堅(jiān)決予以查　　處。,第26頁(yè) Page 26,To keep balance on the following issues in the future: 未來工作實(shí)現(xiàn)幾個(gè)并重:,To phase in the key tasks, hereinafter, step by step: 分階段實(shí)現(xiàn)以下工作重點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移:,第27