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1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯原文：原文：GovernmentpolicycomicsThearticlediscussestheroleofgovernmentpolicyinthesocietalprocessofproducingdefinitionsf‘a(chǎn)rt’inbecomingestablishedasanartisticfield.Thediscussionisbasedonanempiricalcasewhichdemon

2、stratesthecomplexroleofpublicpolicyindefiningacertainareaasoneoftheartsaseligiblefgovernmentsupptfthearts.TheanalysismakesuseoftheconceptsofartisticclassificationsystemsintroducedbyPaulDiMaggioartisticfieldsbyPierreBourd

3、ieu.IttracestheencountersoftheFinnishfieldofcomicsgovernmentpolicyduringatimespanfromthe1950stothepresentday.Thecaseofcomicsshowsthedevelopmentofoneareaofculturalproductionfromasuspectedcriminalcasetoastatesupptedfieldof

4、artdemonstratesthevariousrolesdifferentareasmeasuresofgovernmentpolicycantakeinthedevelopmentofanemergingartisticfield.UndersuspicionWhencomicsfirstappearedwithintherealmofgovernmentpolicyitwasnotinconnectionwithcultural

5、policybutwithlegalpolicy.Theissuewasnotwhethercomicscouldbedefinedasafmofartbutwhethertheproductiondistributionofcomicsshouldbedefinedasacrime.InthebackgroundoftheissuewasacampaignagainstcomicslaunchedintheUSA.FredrickWe

6、rtham’sbookSeductionoftheInnocent(1954)becameahbookfthecampaignagainstcomicswhichexpedtoEuropeaswell.AccdingtoWerthamcomicswereharmfultochildrenincreasedamongotherthingsjuveniledelinquency.IntheUSAthecampaignresultedinan

7、agreementtovoluntaryselfcensshipbythepublishers.TheprinciplesofthiscensshipweredocumentedunderthenameComicsCode.4Thecauseofeventscanbeacterizedasamaltheartsweredefinedaccdingtotheprincipleofexcellenceintermsoftraditional

8、lydefinedhighculture.9Itwasquiteclearthatcomicsdidnotbelongtotherealmoftheartspolicy.Thereptofthecommitteefmulatingtheprinciplesofthenewartspolicyparticularlyemphasizedtheimptanceofmakingadistinctionbetween‘realart’‘infe

9、risuperficialcheap’‘substitutes’(Kom.miet.1965pp.48–49).Ftherepresentativesoftheartisticfieldsthegovernmentofficialsconstitutingthemembershipofthecommitteewhattoincludeintheareadefinedasartwhattoexcludefromitseemedrelati

10、velyselfevident.Atthisstagethepolicydefinitionsofartclearlyexcludedcomics.Thepositionofcomicsoutsidetherealmofartspolicywassoselfevidentthattherewasnoneedtomakeitexplicit.Fgovernmentauthitiescomicsbelongedtothejurisdicti

11、onoflegalpolicynotculturalpolicy.Intherealmofthe(legal)policydefinitionconcerningcomicstheissuewaswhethercomicscouldbedefinedasacriminaloffence.Thiscanbeconsideredacaseofregulativeclassificationinwhichregulatygovernmentp

12、oliciesaffectACSindirectly.Althoughthefinalverdictinthecasewas‘notguilty’theprocedurecontributedtomakingitclearthatcomicsdidnotbelongundertheauspicesofartspolicy.QualifiedacceptanceMeanwhileduringthe1970sthefieldofcomics

13、hadexperiencedseveralchangesthatwereinclinedtomakethefieldmeacceptableintheeyesofculturalpolicymakerstheartwld.Oneofthesewastheemergenceofmarketsfcomicalbumssoldatbookstes.Thischangebroughtwithitcomicsmadefadultsalsorais

14、edthestatusoftheauths.Itwaseasiertoacceptcomicsofthenewtypethanthetraditionalmagazinescomicbooksatnewsstsstripsinthenewspapers.Thedevelopmentintroducedtheconceptof‘qualitycomics’(Heikkinen1991pp.30–32.)Thetransfmationwas

15、toalargeextentbasedontheadventoftranslationsintoFinnishofnewtypesofcomicsalbumsespeciallyofFrenchigin.ItresultedinwideningtheprevailingconceptofcomicsfromthetraditionalAngloAmericanimagerytowardsmeartientedvariedcontinen

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