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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：UrbanredevelopmentinHongKongThepartnershipexperienceIntroduction：ThecaseofHongKonghasbeencitedinnumerouseconomicschoolsofthoughtasbeingan“EconomicMiracle”(suchasthewkofMiltonFriedman)supposedlyservesa

2、samodelfthedevelopingcountriestolearnfrom.FarfromlaissezfairethegovernmentofHongKonghasparticipatedintheeconomythroughvarioushisticallydeterminedchannels–suchaslownershipcolonialruling–whichprovidethebasefhertostructuret

3、heurbanphysicalfmjuxtaposethelogicofmarketfce.Despitetheefftstoresettlethepeopleintothepermanentresidentialstructure(over50percentofthepopulationlivedinpublichousingin1996)thepermanenceofurbanslumsstillposesaheavyburdeno

4、nthesociety.In1996about20percent(113000units)ofthedomesticpremisesintheurbanareawereover30yearsold(HongKongGovernment1996).Inotherwdsthestate(thegovernment)isbelievedtohavecontributedtotherestructuringreconstitutingofthe

5、housingproblemthroughitsurbanredevelopmentprogramme.Urbanrenewalincludesredevelopmentrehabilitationofthephysicalsocialfabricoftheoldurbance.InHongKongurbanrenewalhasbeennarrowlyunderstoodasthephysicalredevelopmentoflwith

6、unexploiteddevelopmentpotentiallunderobsoleteuses.Thisquestfscarceurbanspaceisoneresultofkeencompetitionfflospaceowingtoeconomicpopulationgrowth.Government’sownaccountfthesignificanceofredevelopmentrunsasfollows:“Therear

7、egeographicalfinancialconstraintsonnewlproduction.Itismeimptanttherefetoencourageredevelopmentoflwhichhasnotbeenfullygovernmenttheuncodinatedfragmentedpoliciesprogrammesfailedtoaccomplishanysatisfactyresults.Theresultsof

8、governmentinterventionwerefoundtobenotmuchdifferentfromatotalprivateefftinbringingaboutrevivaloftheoldurbanareas.Thelimitationsofbothofthembroughtfththequestfanewapproach.Post1980s(theperiodofasearchfanewstrategy):Frompa

9、stexperienceitwaslearnedthatnomatterwhetheritbeapureprivatepublicredevelopmentprojectasingleagencyisrequiredtoberesponsibletofundcodinateimplementtheschemeotherwisetherewouldbedelaysaddedcostsevenanundulycomplicatedlengt

10、henedimplementationprocess.WiththefocusofdevelopmentbackonthemainurbanareaassignifiedbythelaunchoftheMetroplanstudy(1988)anewstrategyftheredevelopmentoftheoldurbandistrictshadtobefound.Therefeitwasnecessarytofmacpationwi

11、ththeparticipationofbothprivatepublicsects.Thisnewcpationwassupposedtohaveboththemeritsofprivatesectpublicsect:ithadthemarketsensitivityefficiencyofprivatefirmstogetherwiththemeritsoflegalauthitytheplanningganizationalca

12、pabilitiesofthepublicsect.FollowingthisideatheconceptoftheLDevelopmentCpationwasderived.Difficultiesinpastredevelopmentattempts:Itcouldbeseenthatnoneofthepreviousattemptsatredevelopmenthasprovedtobecompletelysatisfacty.S

13、everalissueshavebeenidentifiedasaresultoftheabovereview.Theywere:(l)multipleabsenteeownershipseriouslyaffectsldevelopment(2)disputesovercompensationwithowners(3)resettlementofaffectedtenants(4)financialproblemswhereiniti

14、alcapitalinvestmentishighcreatingseriouspressureonpublicfinancewhereredevelopmentreliespurelyonthepublicsect(5)sinceresumptionpowersarenotavailabletotheprivatesecttheresultmaybefragmentedpiecemealredevelopmentundertakenb

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