六級(jí)英文

1、1新概念三Lesson14Anoblegangster貴族歹徒ThereThereTherewaswaswasaatimetimetimewhenwhenwhentheownersofshopsbusinessesinChicagohadtopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinininreturnreturnreturnfffprotection.Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptlythe

2、gangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutoutoutofofofbusinessbusinessbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.Obtainingprotectionmoneyisnotamoderncrime.AsAsAslonglonglongagoagoagoasasasthefourteenthcenturyanEnglishmanSirJohnHawkwoodmadetherema

3、rkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldwouldwouldratherratherratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifewkdestroyedbygangsters.SixhundredyearsagoSirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabofsoldierssettlednearFlence.Hesoonmademademadeaan

4、amenamenamefffhimselfhimselfhimselfcamecamecametototobebebeknownknownknowntotototheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.WhenevertheItaliancitystateswereatatatwarwarwarwithwithwitheachotherHawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowere

5、willingtopaythehighpricehedemed.InInIntimestimestimesofofofpeacewhenbusinesswasbadHawkwoodhismenwouldmarchintoacitystateafterburningburningburningdowndowndownafewfarmswouldofferofferoffertototogoawayifprotectionmoneywasp

6、aidtothem.Hawkwoodmademademadelargelargelargesumssumssumsofofofmoneymoneymoneyinthisway.InInInspitespitespiteofofofthisthisthistheItaliansregardedhimasastofhero.WhenhediedatatatthethetheageageageofofofeightytheFlentinesg

7、avehimastatefuneralhadapicturedpaintedwhichwasdedicatedtototothethethememymemymemyofofofthemostvaliantsoldiermostnotableleaderSignGiovanniHaukodue.曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)時(shí)期芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢給歹徒以換取“保護(hù)“。如果交款不及時(shí)歹徒們就會(huì)很快搗毀他的商店讓他破產(chǎn).榨取“保護(hù)金“并

8、不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑.早在14世紀(jì)英國人約翰.霍克伍德就有過非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn):“人們情愿拿出大筆的錢也不愿畢生的心血?dú)в诖跬街?600年前約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊(duì)士兵來到意大利在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來很快就出了名.意大利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫托.每次意大利各城邦之間發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭霍克伍德把他的士兵雇傭給愿給他出高價(jià)的君主。和平時(shí)期當(dāng)生意蕭條時(shí)霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進(jìn)入某個(gè)城邦縱火燒毀一兩個(gè)農(nóng)場然后提出如向他們繳納保護(hù)金他們便主動(dòng)撤離?；艨宋榈掠眠@種方法

9、掙了大筆錢.盡管如此意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。他80歲那年死去時(shí)佛羅倫薩人為他舉行了國葬并為他畫像以紀(jì)念這位“驍勇無比的戰(zhàn)士、杰出的領(lǐng)袖喬凡尼.阿庫托先生.“Lesson17Thelongestsuspensionbridgeinthewld世界上最長的吊橋VerrazanoanItalianaboutwhomlittleisknownsailedintoNewYkHarbourin1524nameditAngouleme.Hede

10、scribeditasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthestofwhichflowedagreatriver.ThoughVerrazanoisbybybynononomeansmeansmeansconsideredtobeagreatexplerhisnamewillprobablyremainimmtalfonNovember21st1964thelonge

11、stsuspensionbridgeinthewldwasnamednamednamedafterafterafterhim.TheVerrazanoBridgewhichwasdesignedbyOthmarAmmannjoinsBrooklyntoStatenIsl.Ithasaspanof4260feet.Thebridgeissolongthattheshapeoftheearthhadtobetakentakentakenin

12、tointointoaccountaccountaccountbyitsdesigner.Twogreattowerssupptfourhugecables.Thetowersarebuiltonimmenseunderwaterplatfmsmademademadeofofofsteelconcrete.Theplatfmsextendextendextendtototoadepthofover100feetunderthesea.T

13、hesealonetooksixteenmonthstobuild.Abovethesurfaceofthewaterthetowersriseriserisetototoaheightofnearly700feet.Theysupptthecablesfromwhichthebridgehasbeensuspended.EachEachEachofofofthefourcablescontains26108lengthsofwire.

14、Ithasbeenestimatedthatifthebridgewerepackedpackedpackedwithwithwithcarsitwouldstillonlybecarryingathirdofitstotalcapacity.Howeversizestrengtharenottheonlyimptantthingsaboutthisbridge.Despiteitsimmensityitisbothsimpleeleg

15、antfulfillingitsdesignersdreamtocreateanenmousobjectdrawnasfaintlyaspossible.1524年，一位鮮為人知的意大利人維拉薩諾駕船駛進(jìn)紐約港，并將該港名為安古拉姆。他對該港作了這樣的描述：“地理位置十分適宜，位于兩座小山的中間，一條大河從中間流過”。雖然維拉薩諾絕對算不上一個(gè)偉大的探險(xiǎn)家，但他的名字將流芳百世，因?yàn)?964年11月21日建成的一座世界上最長的吊橋是以他

16、的名字命名。維拉薩諾大橋由奧斯馬.阿曼設(shè)計(jì)，連結(jié)著布魯克林與斯塔頓島，橋長4260英尺。由于橋身太長，設(shè)計(jì)者不得不考慮了地表的形狀。兩座巨塔支撐著4根粗大的鋼纜。塔身建在巨大的水下鋼盤混凝土平臺(tái)上。平臺(tái)深入海底100英尺。僅這兩座塔就花了16個(gè)月才建成。塔身高出水面將近700英尺。高塔支撐著鋼纜，而鋼纜又懸吊著大橋，4根鋼纜中的每根由26，108股鋼繩組成。據(jù)估計(jì)，若橋上擺滿了汽車，也只不過是橋的總承載力的13。然而，這座橋重要特點(diǎn)不僅

17、是它的規(guī)模與強(qiáng)度。盡管此橋很大，但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，造型優(yōu)美，實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)者企圖創(chuàng)造一個(gè)“盡量用細(xì)線條勾畫出一個(gè)龐然大物”的夢想。Lesson21DanielMendoza丹尼爾.門多薩BoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEngltwohundredyearsago.Inthosedaysboxersfoughtfoughtfoughtwithwithwithbarefistsfprizeprizeprizemoney

18、moneymoney.Becauseofthistheywereknownknownknownasasasprizefighters.Howeverboxingwasverycrudeftherewerenorulesaprizefightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredevenkilledduringamatch.OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistywasDanielMe

19、ndozawhowasbnin1764.Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860whentheMarquisofQueensberrydrewdrewdrewupupupthefirstsetofrules.ThoughhewastechnicallyaprizefighterMendozadidmuchtochangecrudeprizefightingintoasptfhebroughtscie

20、ncetothegame.InInInhishishisdaydaydayMendozaenjoyedenjoyedenjoyedtremendoustremendoustremendouspopularitypopularitypopularity.Hewasadedbyrichpoalike.Mendozaroseroserosetototofamefamefameswiftlyafteraboxingmatchwhenhewaso

21、nlyfourteenyearsold.Thisattractedtheattentionof3philosophersbysellingwisdompriestsbysellingspiritualcomft.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodininintermstermstermsofofofmoneyitisextremelydifficulttoestima

22、tethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperfmfus.ThereThereTherearearearetimestimestimeswhenwhenwhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesstosaveourlivesyetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeefofferinguspreciselythisservice

23、.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatskillshavetobepaidfinininthethethesamesamesamewaywaywaythatthatthatgoodsarepaidfatashop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptionexceptionexceptiontototothisthisthisgener

24、algeneralgeneralrulerulerule.Beggarsalmostsellthemselvesashumanhumanhumanbeingsbeingsbeingstoarousethepityofpassersby.Butrealtrampsarenotbeggars.Theyhavenothingtosellrequirenothingfromothers.Inseekingindependencetheydono

25、tsacrificetheirhumandignity.Atrampmayaskyoufmoneybuthewillneveraskyoutofeelfeelfeelsrysrysryfffhim.Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsisfullyawareawareawareofofoftheconsequences.Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealis

26、comingcomingcomingfromfromfrombutheisfreefreefreefromfromfromthethoussofanxietieswhichafflictotherpeople.Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossiblefhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithwithwitheaseeaseease.Byhavingtosleepinininthet

27、hetheopenopenopenhegetsgetsgetsfarfarfarclosercloserclosertototothewldofnaturethanmostofuseverdo.Hemayhuntbegstealoccasionallytokeephimselfalivehemayevenininintimestimestimesofofofrealneeddoalittlewkbuthewillneversacrifi

28、cehisfreedom.Weoftenspeakspeakspeakofofoftrampswithcontemptputtheminthesameclassasbeggarsbuthowmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenviousoftheirsimplewayoflifetheirfreedomfromcare據(jù)說每個(gè)人都靠出售某種東西來維持生活。根據(jù)這種說法，教師靠賣

29、知識(shí)為生，哲學(xué)家靠賣智慧為生，牧師靠賣精神安慰為生。雖然物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值可以用金錢來衡量，但要估算別人為我們?yōu)樗峁┑姆?wù)的價(jià)值卻是極其困難的。有時(shí)，我們?yōu)榱送炀壬?，愿意付出我們所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫給我們提供了這種服務(wù)后，我們卻可能為所支付的昂貴的費(fèi)用而抱怨。社會(huì)上的情況就是如此，技術(shù)是必須付錢去買的，就像在商店里要花錢買商品一樣。人人都有東西可以出售。在這條普遍的規(guī)律前面，好像只有流浪漢是個(gè)例外，乞丐出售的幾乎是他本人，以引起

30、過路人的憐憫。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他們既不出售任何東西，也不需要從別人那兒得到任何東西，在追求獨(dú)立自由的同時(shí)，他們并不犧牲為人的尊嚴(yán)。游浪漢可能會(huì)向你討錢，但他從來不要你可憐他。他是故意在選擇過那種生活的，并完全清楚以這種方式生活的后果。他可能從不知道下頓飯有無著落，但他不像有人那樣被千萬樁愁事所折磨。他幾乎沒有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)，這使他能夠輕松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡覺，他比我們中許多人都離大自然近得多。為了生存，他可能會(huì)去打獵、

31、乞討，偶爾偷上一兩回；確實(shí)需要的時(shí)候，他甚至可能干一點(diǎn)兒活，但他決不會(huì)犧牲自由。說起流浪漢，我們常常帶有輕蔑并把他們與乞丐歸為一類。但是，我們中有多少人能夠坦率地說我們對流浪漢的簡樸生活與無憂無慮的境況不感到有些羨慕呢？Lesson33Adaytoremember難忘的一天Wehaveallexperienceddayswheneverythinggoesgoesgoeswrongwrongwrong.Adaymaybeginwelle

32、noughbutsuddenlyeverythingseemstogetgetgetoutoutoutofofofcontrolcontrolcontrol.Whatinvariablyhappensisthataagreatgreatgreatnumbernumbernumberofofofthingschoosetogowrongatpreciselythethethesamesamesamemomentmomentmoment.I

33、tisasifasingleunimptanteventsetsetsetupupupaachainchainchainofofofreactions.Letussupposethatyouarepreparingamealkeepingkeepingkeepinganananeyeeyeeyeonononthebabyatatatthethethesamesamesametimetimetime.Thetelephoneringsth

34、ismarksthepreludetoanananunfeseenunfeseenunfeseenseriesseriesseriesofofofcatastrophes.Whileyouareonononthethethephonephonephonethebabypullsthetableclothoffthetablesmashinghalfyourbestcrockerycuttinghimselfintheprocess.Yo

35、uhanghanghangupupuphurriedlyattendattendattendtototobabycrockeryetc.Meanwhilethemealgetsgetsgetsburntburntburnt.Asifthiswerenotenoughtoreduceyoutotearsyourhusbarrivesunexpectedlybringingthreegueststodinner.Thingscangogog

36、owrongwrongwrongonabigscaleasanumberofpeoplerecentlydiscoveredinParramattaasuburbofSydney.Duringtherushrushrushhourhourhouroneeveningtwocarscollidedbothdriversbegantoargue.Thewomanimmediatelybehindthetwocarshappenedhappe

37、nedhappenedtototobebebealearner.Shesuddenlygotgotgotintointointoaapanicpanicpanicstoppedhercar.Thismadethedriverfollowingherbrakehard.Hiswifewassittingbesidehimholdingalargecake.Asshewasthrownfwardthecakewentrightthrough

38、thewindscreenledontheroad.Seeingacakeflyingthroughtheairalry–driverwhowasdrawingdrawingdrawingupupupalongsidethecarpulledupallallallofofofaasuddensuddensudden.Thelrywasloadedloadedloadedwithwithwithemptybeerbottleshundre

39、dsofthemslidslidslidoffoffoffthebackofthevehicleontotheroad.Thisledtoyetanotherangryargument.Meanwhilethetrafficpiledpiledpiledupupupbehind.Ittookthepolicenearlyanhourtogetthetrafficonthemoveagain.InInInthethethemeantime

40、meantimemeantimethelrydriverhadtosweepuphundredsofbrokenbottles.Onlytwostraydogsbenefitedfromallthisconfusionftheygreedilydevouredwhatwasleftofthecake.Itwasjustoneofthosedays!我們大家都有過事事不順心的日子。一天開始時(shí)，可能還不錯(cuò)，但突然間似乎一切都失去了控制。情況

41、經(jīng)常是這樣的，許許多多的事情都偏偏趕在同一時(shí)刻出問題，好像是一件無關(guān)緊要的小事引起了一連串的連鎖反應(yīng)。假設(shè)你在做飯，同時(shí)又在照看孩子。這時(shí)電話鈴響了，它預(yù)示著一連串意想不到的災(zāi)難的來臨。就在你接電話時(shí)，孩子把桌布從桌子上扯了下來，將家中最好的陶瓷餐具半數(shù)摔碎，同時(shí)也弄傷了他自己。你急急忙忙掛上電話，趕去照看孩子和餐具。這時(shí)，飯又燒糊了。好像這一切還不足以使你急得掉淚，你的丈夫接著回來了，事先沒打招呼就帶來3個(gè)客人吃飯。就像許多人最近在悉