大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法精要

1、可可英語大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法精要大學(xué)英語四級(jí)語法精要Ⅰ動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)語態(tài)用法用法省略省略一致性等一致性等)1.1.時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(havehasbeening分詞構(gòu)成):動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某時(shí)開始繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在可能繼續(xù)下去也可能剛剛結(jié)束.I’vebeenwritinglettersfanhour.I’vebeensittinginthegarden.2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由hadbeening分詞

2、構(gòu)成):過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I’dbeenwkingfsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingfherftwohoursbythetimeshecame.3)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí):將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Bynextsummerhewillhavebeenwkinghereftwentyyears.Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstud

3、yingherefthreeyears.4)將來完成時(shí)將來完成時(shí)(由shallwillhave過去分詞構(gòu)成):將來某時(shí)會(huì)業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebefelunch.They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofOctober.2.2.語態(tài)語態(tài)1)可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型可以有兩種被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的類型例如:Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.I

4、twassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計(jì)”“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞常見的有assumebelieveexpectfearfeelknowpresumereptsaysupposeunderst等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.擔(dān)當(dāng)besupposedto與

5、不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:WhyareyoudrivingsofastinthisareaYouaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你應(yīng)該應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)2)2)雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)a)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z另一個(gè)賓語仍然保留在謂語后面但多數(shù)是把間接

6、賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemfmakingthenecessarypreparations.b)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):可可英語OnceOncehavinghavingmademadeapromisepromiseyoushouldkeepit.b)IfIfnecessarynecessaryI’

7、llhavetheletterduplicated.Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)where(ver)necessarynecessary.IfIfpossiblepossibleIshouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.AsAsscheduledscheduledtheymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.2）在以thana)或asb)引起

8、的從句中常會(huì)有一些成分省略.a)Hetoldmenottousemematerialthan(itis)necessary.Weshouldthinkmeofthecollectivethanofourselves.b)Theywkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).Heisnowavicemanagerbutstilloftenwksinthekitchenasbefe.Theirtrai

9、ningisfreeasisalleducation.Wewillasalwaysstonyourside.3）錯(cuò)誤的省略HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.Whilestingthereinhernightgowntwobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.5.5.一致一致1)如果主語是單數(shù)盡管后面跟有withtogetherwithaswellasasmu

10、chasnolessthanmethan等引導(dǎo)的短語謂語動(dòng)詞仍舊用單數(shù)形式.TerryalongwithherfriendgoesskatingeverySaturday.Anexperttogetherwithsomeassistantswassenttohelpinthiswk.Thecaptainaswellasthecoacheswasdisappointedintheteam.2)代詞作主語時(shí)的一致a)eacheitherne

11、ither和由someanynoevery構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞都作單數(shù)看待.Eachofushassomethingtosay.IseverybodyreadySomebodyisusingthephone.Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Haseitherofthemtoldyoub)somefewbothmany等作復(fù)數(shù)c)some可后接復(fù)數(shù)也可接單數(shù)表示某一.none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時(shí)較多但也