2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、一IntroductiontoHowAutomaticTransmissionsWkIfyouhaveeverdrivenacarwithanautomatictransmissionthenyouknowthattherearetwobigdifferencesbetweenanautomatictransmissionamanualtransmission:Thereisnoclutchpedalinanautomatictrans

2、missioncar.Thereisnogearshiftinanautomatictransmissioncar.Onceyouputthetransmissionintodriveeverythingelseisautomatic.Boththeautomatictransmission(plusitstqueconverter)amanualtransmission(withitsclutch)accomplishexactlyt

3、hesamethingbuttheydoitintotallydifferentways.Itturnsoutthatthewayanautomatictransmissiondoesitisabsolutelyamazing!PurposeofanAutomaticTransmissionJustlikethatofamanualtransmissiontheautomatictransmissionsprimaryjobistoal

4、lowtheenginetooperateinitsnarrowrangeofspeedswhileprovidingawiderangeofoutputspeeds.Withoutatransmissioncarswouldbelimitedtoonegearratiothatratiowouldhavetobeedtoallowthecartotravelatthedesiredtopspeed.Ifyouwantedatopspe

5、edof80mphthenthegearratiowouldbesimilartothirdgearinmostmanualtransmissioncars.Youveprobablynevertrieddrivingamanualtransmissioncarusingonlythirdgear.Ifyoudidyoudquicklyfindoutthatyouhadalmostnoaccelerationwhenstartingou

6、tathighspeedstheenginewouldbescreamingalongneartheredline.Acarlikethiswouldwearoutveryquicklywouldbenearlyundriveable.Sothetransmissionusesgearstomakemeeffectiveuseoftheenginestquetokeeptheengineoperatingatanappropriates

7、peed.Whentowinghaulingheavyobjectsyourvehiclestransmissioncangethotenoughtoburnupthetransmissionfluid.Indertoprotectthetransmissionfromseriousdamagedriverswhotowshouldbuyvehiclesequippedwithtransmissioncoolers.Thekeydiff

8、erencebetweenamanualanautomatictransmissionisthatthemanualtransmissionlocksunlocksdifferentsetsofgearstotheoutputshafttoachievethevariousgearratioswhileinanautomatictransmissionthesamesetofgearsproducesallofthedifferentg

9、earratios.TheplaarygearsetisthedevicethatmakesthispossibleinanautomatictransmissionThePlaaryGearsetdifferentclutchesbsengagingdisengaging.BsInthistransmissiontherearetwobs.Thebsinatransmissionareliterallysteelbsthatwrapa

10、roundsectionsofthegeartrainconnecttothehousing.Theyareactuatedbyhydrauliccylindersinsidethecaseofthetransmission.OneofthebsInthefigureaboveyoucanseeoneofthebsinthehousingofthetransmissionThegeartrainisremoved.Themetalrod

11、isconnectedtothepistonwhichactuatestheb.Aboveyoucanseethetwopistonsthatactuatethebs.Hydraulicpressureroutedintothecylinderbyasetofvalvescausesthepistonstopushonthebslockingthatpartofthegeartraintothehousing.Theclutchesin

12、thetransmissionarealittlemecomplex.Inthistransmissiontherearefourclutches.Eachclutchisactuatedbypressurizedhydraulicfluidthatentersapistoninsidetheclutch.Springsmakesurethattheclutchreleaseswhenthepressureisreduced.Below

13、youcanseethepistontheclutchdrum.Noticetherubbersealonthepistonthisisoneofthecomponentsthatisreplacedwhenyourtransmissiongetsrebuilt.Thenextfigureshowsthealternatinglayersofclutchfrictionmaterialsteelplates.Thefrictionmat

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