肌學(xué)總論、頭頸和軀干肌泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院

1、Chapter 3 Myology 肌學(xué),Section 1 General description,泰山醫(yī)學(xué)院人體解剖學(xué)教研室 趙振美,CompositionMuscle belly肌腹Tendon肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜,ClassificationLong muscle 長(zhǎng)肌Short muscle 短肌Flat muscle扁肌Orbicular muscle 輪匝肌,ⅠMorpholog

2、y and composition of skeletal muscles,ⅡOrigin, insertion and action of skeletal muscles,,,Ⅲ Supplementary structures of musclesFascia 筋膜Superficial fasciaDeep fascia,Synovial bursa 滑膜囊,Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous la

3、yer Synovial layer:,,,,Section 2 Muscles of head,ⅠFacial muscles 面肌,Epicranius 顱頂肌 (occipitofrontalis) 枕額肌Frontal belly 額腹Occipital belly 枕腹Galea aponeurotica 帽狀腱膜,Orbicularis oculi 眼輪匝肌 Buccinator 頰肌 Orbicular

4、is oris 口輪匝肌,ⅡMasticatory muscles,Masseter 咬肌Origin－inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic archInsertion－lateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandibleAction－elevates mandibleTemporalis 顳肌Orig

5、in－temporal fossaInsertion－coronoid process of mandibleAction－elevates and retracts mandible,Medial pterygoid 翼內(nèi)肌 Lateral pterygoid 翼外肌,咀嚼肌,,,咀嚼肌,,Section 3 Muscles of neck,ⅠSuperficial group Platysma 頸闊肌,Stern

6、ocleidomastoid 胸鎖乳突肌,ⅡSuprahyoid muscles Digastric 二腹肌Stylohyoid 莖突舌骨肌Mylohyoid 下頜舌骨肌Geniohyoid 頦舌骨肌 Elevate (raise) hyoid bone and depress mandible.,Ⅲ Infrahyoid musclesSternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌S

7、ternothyroid 胸骨甲狀肌Thyrohyoid 甲狀舌骨肌 Depress hyoid or larynx after elevation,Ⅳ Deep cervical muscles,LateralScalenus anterior 前斜角肌Scalenus medius 中斜角肌Scalenus posterior 后斜角肌 Scalene fissure 斜角肌間隙 Action ：M

8、edial longus capitis 頭長(zhǎng)肌 longus colli 頸長(zhǎng)肌Flex the head, bends the neck forward,Section 4 Muscles of trunk,ⅠMuscles of back Trapezius 斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背闊肌 Erector spinae 豎脊肌,Trapezius 斜方肌,Origin: superior nuchal

9、 line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebraeInsertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapularyAction: upper fibers

10、 elevate scapula, lower fibers depress scapula; if scapula is fixed, one side acting along, draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both sides together, draw head directly backward,Latissimus dor

11、si背闊肌,Origin: spinous processes of lower six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, median sacral crest, and posterior part of iliac crest.Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus.Action: trunk fixed, extends, adduct

12、s and medially rotates arm ; arm fixed, elevates trunk.,Erector spinae,Position: fills the vertebral groove on each side of the spine Action: extends vertebral column (draw head backward),ⅡMuscles of thorax,Ⅰ) Thoracico

13、-upper-limb muscles胸上肢?、? Thoracicointrinsic muscles胸固有肌,Pectoralis major 胸大肌,Origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum,1st-6th costal cartilages.Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus.Action: flexes, adducts

14、and rotates arm medially; arm fixed, elevates trunk; elevates ribs 1-6, aiding in forced inspiration.,Pectoralis minor 胸小肌,,Serratus anterior 前鋸肌,Ⅱ) Thoracicointrinsic muscles,Intercostales externi 肋間外肌Intercostales int

15、erni 肋間內(nèi)肌Intercostales intimi 肋間最內(nèi)肌,Ⅲ Diaphragm 膈,Shape and position: a peripheral muscular part and a central tendon,Openings in the diaphragmAortic hiatus主動(dòng)脈裂孔－lies anterior to the body of the 12th thoracic verteb

16、ra between the crura. It transmits the aorta, thoracic ductEsophageal hiatus 食管裂孔－for esophagus and vagus nerves at level of T10. Vena cava foramen 腔靜脈孔－for inferior vena cava, through central tendon at T8 level,Action

17、,,Ⅳ Muscles of abdomen,Anterolateral groupObliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌 Inguinal ligament 腹股溝韌帶Superficial inguinal ring 腹股溝管淺環(huán),Obliquus internus abdominis 腹內(nèi)斜肌,Inguinal falx 腹股溝鐮:Cremaster 提睪肌

18、:,,Transversus abdominis 腹橫肌,Rectus abdominis 腹直肌,Intersections 腱劃,Sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘,Linea alba白線,,2. Posterior group,Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌,,Inguinal canal 腹股溝管,Position: Two openingsSuperficial inguin