2000年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

1、2000Text1Ahistyoflongefftlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhicapbutifproperlyhleditmaybecomeadrivingfce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWldWarithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitgiving

2、itsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistswerethewldsbestitswkersthemostskilled.AmericaAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimac

3、yshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitablytheretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythe1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustriessuchasc

4、onsumerelectronicshadshrunkvanishedinthefaceoffeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleftZenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKeasLGElectronicsinJuly.)Feignmadecarstextilesweresweepingintoth

5、edomesticmarket.Americasmachinetoolindustrywasontheropes.FawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductswhichAmericahadinventedwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputeragewasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfi

6、dence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityfgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailingthattheirincomeswouldtherefeshtlybegintofallaswell.The1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmericasindustr

7、ialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmerica

8、nsattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollartheturningofthebusinesscycle.Selfdoubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructurehasgoneonadiethaslearnttobemequickwitted“accdingtoRidCavanaughe

9、xecutivedeanofHarvardsKennedySchoolofGovernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity“saysStephenMoeoftheCatoInstituteathinktankinWashingtonD.C.WilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusi

10、nessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.“51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWldWarⅡbecause________.[A]ithadmadepainstakingefftstowardsthisgoal[B]itsdomest

11、icmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefe[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetits[D]theunparalleledsizeofitswkfcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy52.ThelossofU.S.predominanceinthewldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedin

12、thefactthattheAmerican______.[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket[B]semiconductindustryhadbeentakenoverbyfeignenterprises[C]machinetoolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomest

13、icmarket53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenselfdoubtblindpride.[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.35.devalue貶值36.selfdoubt自我懷疑37.yieldto讓位于38.blindpride盲目自豪39.goonadiet減肥；

14、裁剪機(jī)構(gòu)40.quickwitted才智敏捷難句精解①Ahistyoflongefftlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhicapbutifproperlyhleditmaybecomeadrivingfce.▲該句是一個(gè)并列句，由前后兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的分句組成，其間的連詞為but。but與后一個(gè)分句之間又插入一個(gè)由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)ifproperlyhled，該狀語(yǔ)原來(lái)是一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，即ifit(ahist

15、yoflongefftlesssuccess)isproperlyhled，其中的itis由于和該分句的主句部分主謂語(yǔ)一致而被省略掉了?！鞅揪浣Y(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)明，只需注意but與itmaybecomeadrivingfce之間的if結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，并且是一個(gè)省略了主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此外hicap意為“不利條件”。②Itsscientistswerethewldsbestitswkersthemostskilled.AmericaAme

16、ricanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.▲前一句中itswkersthemostskilled是一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)，省略了其中的being，補(bǔ)齊成分后應(yīng)為itswkersbeingthemostskilled。后一句中beyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansAsians作prosperous

17、的狀語(yǔ)，beyond為介詞，是“超越，超出”的意思。而whoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed作定語(yǔ)從句修飾theEuropeansAsians，原形是thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesoftheEuropeansAsians?！髯⒁鈈eyond一詞的意思，它表示“在……之外”。③FawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductswhichAme

18、ricahadinventedwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputeragewasgoingtobethenextcasualty.▲該句帶有一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，其表語(yǔ)從句中又套有兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句。全句主句部分的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是itlooked...，asthough（即asif好像）引導(dǎo)的從句是looked（看上去）的表語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)為themakingofsemiconducts，謂語(yǔ)為wasgoingtobe

19、，而逗號(hào)之間的兩個(gè)which從句是themakingofsemiconducts的非限定性定語(yǔ)，同時(shí)又是插入語(yǔ)。△注意理解thenextcasualty的含義，casualty本意為“傷亡”，此處是“被國(guó)外產(chǎn)品擊敗的美國(guó)本土產(chǎn)業(yè)”。④Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.▲英語(yǔ)的句式詞匯一

20、般都比較簡(jiǎn)練，如果將本句用中國(guó)人習(xí)慣的語(yǔ)式講出應(yīng)該如下：TheirsometimessurprisingfindingsaboutthecausesofAmericansindustrialdeclinearefullofthewarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseasnations.△sensational即surprising。另外注意本句的中心意思在句末的thegrowingcom