2017最實(shí)用最全的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

1、一、名詞（可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）二、人稱(chēng)代詞三、冠詞四、動(dòng)詞五、介詞六、數(shù)詞七、形容詞和副詞,八、there be結(jié)構(gòu)九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑問(wèn)句4.祈使句十、時(shí)態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)十一、“wh”的特殊疑問(wèn)句,一、名詞,,英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中，名詞有兩種數(shù)的形式：1）單數(shù)（表示一個(gè)人或事物）；2）復(fù)數(shù)（表示多于一個(gè)的人或數(shù)）。只有可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)形式。,

2、名詞的數(shù)：,名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成,由元音字母的變化構(gòu)成： man-men, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, woman-women2. 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)的形式一樣： sheep, deer, fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加-en: child-children, ox-oxen,不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù),

3、Practise,peach_________ 2. zoo _________3. glass _________4. fox _______5. lady _________6. policewoman _________7. house ___________8. photo _________9. monkey __________10. wife __________11. rose ____

4、________12. path __________13. judge ___________14. map ___________,peaches,zoos,glasses,foxes,ladies,policewomen,houses,photos,monkeys,wives,roses,paths,judges,maps,二、人稱(chēng)代詞,,,,主格： I we you she he it

5、 they賓格： me us you her him it them形容詞性物主代詞： my our your her his its their名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs,,第一人稱(chēng),第二人稱(chēng),第三人稱(chēng),后跟名詞

6、,,能夠在句子中獨(dú)立作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),Practise,_______(他) is my brother.2. I had a letter from __________ (她).3. It’s all right; it’s only _________(我).4. Today ________(我們) went in _________(我們的) car; tomorrow ________(我們) are going i

7、n _________(他們的).5. ________(我) lend _________(我的) books gladly to _______ (我的) friends and to ________(你的).6. Can you help _________(我) with ________(我的) English.7. When ________(你) go to see _________(你的) father, pl

8、ease take these books to ________(他).8. ________(他們) found _______(它) difficult to learn German.,He,her,me,we,our,we,theirs,I,my,my,yours,me,my,you,your,him,They,it,所有格,所有格的形式單數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加 ’schild-child’s以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾

9、加’swaitress-waitress’s不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加’schildren-children’s以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)名詞末尾加’girls-girls’以-s結(jié)尾的一些人名末尾加’sJames-James’s,下列情況一般用 “of”結(jié)構(gòu)：東西(沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的復(fù)合名詞時(shí)): the book of the film2. 東西的一部分: the bottom of the box3. 抽象的概念: t

10、he price of success4. 當(dāng)of短語(yǔ)中的名詞被另一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句修飾時(shí)： Can’t you look at the book of the boy behind you?,雙重,’s結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用于 “of”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，如：a friend of my father’s , 出現(xiàn)這種情況是因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)名詞前通常只用一個(gè)限定詞，又如：this son of mine, a friend of yours, a co

11、usin of hers等等。Isn’t Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Tom’s has told me the same Joke five times.,冠詞,,不定冠詞a,an,定冠詞the,,只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞,零冠詞,,名詞前可不用冠詞,不定冠詞的用法：表示“一”，“任何一個(gè)”或“不管哪一個(gè)”的意思。 I

12、 have a sister and two brothers.2. 在某些度量表示法中： We have PE lessons three times a week.3. 用在單數(shù)的表語(yǔ)名詞前，以表示職業(yè)、行業(yè)、宗教、等級(jí)等。 George wants to be an engineer.4. 在以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前。 What a pretty girl!5. 一些常用短語(yǔ)中。

13、 have a good time, half an hour, have a headache….,定冠詞的用法：用來(lái)表示“獨(dú)一無(wú)二”的意思。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 表示“說(shuō)話的人剛剛提到過(guò)的人或事物”。 There is a boat in the river. The boat is made of wood.3. 用在后面跟有

14、限定性介詞短語(yǔ)的名詞前。 the letter from America, the fourteenth of April4. 用在泛指的樂(lè)器名詞前。 He plays the piano.5. 一些常用短語(yǔ)。 by the way, in the morning, What’s the matter?,零冠詞的用法：泛指的抽象名詞前。Life is very hard for some people.2

15、. 泛指的物質(zhì)名詞前。Water is very useful.3. 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。Books are my best friends.4. 泛指的“餐”名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5. 大多數(shù)的專(zhuān)有名詞前。He comes from France.6. 語(yǔ)言的名詞前。She can speak French.7. 在季節(jié)和節(jié)日的名詞前。Winter is the be

16、st time for skating.8. 當(dāng)名詞前已有一些代詞修飾時(shí)。My brother is a soldier.9. 在體育項(xiàng)目的名詞前。play basketball10. 一些常用短語(yǔ)。 at home, go to school, at night,1. There is _____notebook on my desk. I use _____ notebook to keep a diary.2. Ther

17、e is ______bottle on the table. _____ water in it is sweet.3. Wang's mother is ______English teacher. She teaches in _____ primary school.4. China is ______ ancient country with _____ long history.5. China has _

18、____ population of 12 hundred million. _____ Chinese people are _____ great people.6. Her mother is _____ university teacher. She is _____ honest woman.7. None of _____books should be taken out of _____ room without _

19、____ permission of _____ librarian.8. _____Party always teaches us to work for _____ people heart and soul.9. She studies at ____No. 3 Middle School. She goes to ____ school by ____ bus every day.10. My elder sister i

20、s _____student of _____ English. She studies at _____ college.11. ______ Monday before _____ Spring Festival was very cold.12. Have you had ______dinner?,Practise,a,the,a,The,an,the,an,a,the,The,/,a,an,the,the,the,/,Th

21、e,/,/,/,/,/,a,a,The,/,/,四、動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞主要表示動(dòng)作，其次表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式的變化。,小學(xué)階段所涉及的動(dòng)詞主要有：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can等。,Be動(dòng)詞,,am, is, are,was, were,been,Practise,1. He ________ very good at English. 2. My father and I ________ going to Beij

22、ing next month. 3. ________ you on duty the day before yesterday? 4. Mr. King ________ in London two weeks ago. 5. There ________ many kinds of animals in the zoo. 6. What ________ the date yesterday? 7. Look! A lit

23、tle girl ________ flying a kite. 8. Who ________ not at school last Monday? 9. Have you ever ________ to Japan?10. I ______ not a nurse. I work as a doctor.,is,are,Were,was,are,was,is,was,been,am,動(dòng)詞的基本形式,第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式,動(dòng)詞b

24、e和have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在式分別是is和has。,,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,,現(xiàn)在分詞,,,,has,had,,having,gives,gave,giving,gets,got,getting,reads,read,reading,sweeps,swept,sweeping,plays,played,playing,carries,carried,carrying,Practise,五、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間和

25、表示方式的一種動(dòng)詞形式。,小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的時(shí)態(tài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：work/works2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are working3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：worked4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：am/is/are going to work,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),通常表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或目前的狀態(tài)。常與時(shí)間副詞連用：always, often, usually, every…, on Sundays, twice a week等。,基本結(jié)構(gòu)

26、,,,,,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),通常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。它所表示的動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成性。常見(jiàn)的與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有關(guān)的詞有：now, these days, look, listen等。,基本結(jié)構(gòu),,,,,一般過(guò)去時(shí),通常表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，其中也包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：yesterday, last…, …ago, just now, in 1998等。,基本結(jié)構(gòu),,,

27、,,一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常與一些表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：tomorrow, next…, Be going to do表示主體現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事；也可以表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生某種情況。,基本結(jié)構(gòu),,,,,Peter ________ (play) basketball twice a week.2. Do you believe what he ________ (say)

28、just now?3. Look! The lazy cat ____________ (sleep) in the sofa.4. There _______(be) a book and two pens on the desk.5.  _____you _______________(see ) a film tomorrow morning? 6. She ____________(not play) the

29、guitar at the moment.7. What ______his father usually _______(do) in the evening ?8. They ______________ ( have ) a meeting next week, aren't they? 9. Both he and I ________ (be) teachers. 10. I ___________ (not

30、 feel ) very well yesterday .11. He put on his coat and _________ (go) out.12. Lei Feng often ____________ (help) others and he was helpful. Next Sunday, we ___________________ (clean) up the park.14. Hurry! You

31、r mother ____________ (wait) for you at the school gate.,Practise,plays,said,is sleeping,is,Are,going to see,isn’t playing,does,do,are going to have,are,didn’t feel,went,helps,are going to clean,is waiting,六、介詞,介詞在句子中表示名

32、詞或代詞等與其他詞之間的關(guān)系。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)、從句）前面構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞后面的成分作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。,方位介詞,in, on, at, under, to, behind, beside, near, before, in front of, next to, between,時(shí)間介詞,in, on, at, after, before, from…to, past, betwe

33、en,其它,of, by, with, into, out of, for,,Practise,1. Look _____ the picture. It's picture___ my school. 2. There is a school building ____ my school. It has five floors.______ the school building, there is a big playg

34、round. ________school, the children always play ball games there. 3. My classroom is____ the fifth floor. It's big and clean. 4. Miss Li is our class teacher. She comes ______ school early every morning. She comes

35、____bicycle. Then she does morning exercises ______us. She likes sports. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a card ___ her. We love her very much. 5. There are some apples _____ the tree. 6. –Where’s your study?

36、–It’s next ____ my bedroom.7. The car _____ the tree is Jack’s. 8. The ball is________ the door, so you can’t see it.9. _____ ______ ____the house, there are many trees. 10. Listen! Someone is knocking ____the door

37、.11. There is something wrong _____ my computer.,at,of,in,Near,After,on,to,by,with,for,on,to,under,behind,In front of,at,with,七、數(shù)詞,表示數(shù)目的詞稱(chēng)為基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目順序的詞稱(chēng)為序數(shù)詞,1—12的基數(shù)詞：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,

38、nine, ten, eleven, twelve13—19的基數(shù)詞： thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen20—90的基數(shù)詞： twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety21—29的基數(shù)： twenty-one, twenty-two, twe

39、nty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine thirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven….,-teen,-ty,十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間要加連字符號(hào)“-”,2. 百位數(shù)：one hundred, two hundred, three hundred, four h

40、undred…five hundred and eight-six, six hundred and ninety-nine,seven hundred and eight, eight hundred and one3. 千位數(shù)：one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five,百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間加and。,注意,英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“萬(wàn)”這個(gè)單位，所以常用

41、thousand來(lái)表示。,ten thousand, thirty thousand, fifteen thousand one hundred,five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two,英語(yǔ)序數(shù)詞第1-19除了first, second與third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構(gòu)成。 注意：fifth, eighth, ninth和twelft

42、h的拼法。2. 十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是：先把十位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞的詞尾ty中的y變?yōu)閕，然后加后綴-eth,如： twenty—twentieth, forty—fortieth3.十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞如果含有1-9的個(gè)位數(shù)時(shí)，十位數(shù)用基數(shù)詞，個(gè)位數(shù)用序數(shù)詞，中間用“-”連字符。如： twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth4. 百、千、萬(wàn)等的序數(shù)詞由hundred, thousand, million等加-th

43、,前面加有關(guān)的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成。如： one hundredth, one thousandth 注意：序數(shù)詞前的one不能用a代替。 one hundred and twenty-first,Practise,1. There are ____ days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five

44、 C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2.______people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of3.There are two_____ peop

45、le in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of4.____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D.

46、 Two thousand of5. My brother is in____.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one6. We are goin

47、g to learn___ this term. A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six 7. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____.

48、 A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundre

49、d and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five,C,D,A,A,B,D,C,8. "The year 1999" should be read "The year____". A.

50、 nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine9. He wil

51、l come here ____ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth 10. Every day he begins to do his homework ___.A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh

52、 D. until ten 11. We all like the_____ boy.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten 12. There are____ months in a year. Dece

53、mber is the ____ month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 13. During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C.

54、twentieth D. the twenty14. Jenny was born_______.A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10,B,

55、B,A,B,B,B,A,八、形容詞和副詞,形容詞是用來(lái)描寫(xiě)或修飾名詞（或代詞）的詞。,副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句的詞。,He is a good student.2. The film is very interesting.3. There is something wrong with the bike.4. Lucy is older than Helen.,The problem is very diff

56、icult.2. He wrote the letters carefully.,方式副詞：carefully, quickly, suddenly… 2. 地點(diǎn)副詞：here, there, up, down…3. 時(shí)間副詞：yesterday, today, now…4. 程度副詞：very, quite, much, just…,形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),比較級(jí)的用法,1. 用來(lái)把彼此獨(dú)立的事和人進(jìn)行比較

57、，表示“比……更……一些”的意思，通常用一個(gè)由從屬連詞than引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示和什么相比。為了避免重復(fù)，從句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is taller than Lucy.He got more information than I did.He runs faster than I.,2. 如果我們要說(shuō)兩個(gè)東西在某一方面是一樣的，我們就可以用 “as+形容詞/副詞+as”, 形容詞不用比較級(jí)而用原級(jí)。在作否定比較

58、時(shí)，可以用not as…as…, not so…as…, 也可以用less…than…，如：Jimmy is as tall as his father.I don’t write as/so well as Helen.This film is less interesting than that one.,比較級(jí)的用法,3. 為了表示持續(xù)不斷的變化，我們可以用“雙重比較”的方法，這種結(jié)構(gòu)后面不可跟than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。如

59、：He is crying harder and harder.Our country gets more and more beautiful.Computers are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster.,4. 表示兩個(gè)變化是一起發(fā)生的，可以把比較級(jí)形式和the一起用，表示“越……，就越……”的意思。如：The higher the mo

60、untain is, the thinner the air is.The earlier you start, the sooner you will be back.,Practise,1. Shanghai is ________than Beijing. It is ____________ city in our country. (large) 2. Bill isn’t as ______ as Mike. Tom i

61、s ______ than Mike. Who is ________ of the three boys? (old) 3. Mary draws as ______ as Bill, and she is much _______ than him at singing. (well, good) 4. Spring is coming. The weather is getting ________ and _________

62、.(warm) 5. Tom, Jon and I bought a computer each last week. John’s computer is much ____________ than Tom’s and mine. It is _________________ of the three. (expensive) 6. It is a little __________ today than yesterday.

63、 (wet) 7. Mrs Brown is much ________ than she was two years ago. (healthy) 8. Which do you like _________, basketball, volleyball, or football? (well),larger,the largest,old,older,the oldest,well,better,warmer,warmer,m

64、ore expensive,the most expensive,wetter,healthier,best,Beijingers are true __________ to the world. (friend)2. Look! How __________ Kitty is laughing! (happy)3. I think July is ______ than any other month in our coun

65、try. (hot)4. She always listens to the teacher _________ in class. (care)5. The park is one of the ______________ parks in Beijing. (beautiful)6. She speaks English, but not as _______ as his brother. (good)7. I was

66、__________ by the _________ sound. (frightened, frightening)8. The music sounds ____________. (beautiful, beautifully)9. Don’t make so much noise, or you will wake up the _________ boy. (sleeping, asleep)10. Yesterda

67、y’s concert was wonderful. I’ve never heard such an _________ one before. (excited, exciting),Practise,friendly,happily,hotter,carefully,most beautiful,well,frightened,frightening,beautiful,sleeping,exciting,There be 的結(jié)

68、構(gòu),肯定句： There is/was a … There are/were …一般疑問(wèn)句:Is/Was there …? Yes, there is/was. No, there isn’t/was. Are there…? Yes, there are/were. No, there aren