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1、六級模擬試題及答案六級模擬試題及答案009PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Inthissectionyouarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopic“ReduceWasteonCampus“.Youshouldwriteatleast150wdsbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow。1.目前有些校園內(nèi)

2、浪費現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重；2.浪費的危害；3.從我做起，杜絕浪費。PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingScanning)(15minutes)SomeNotesonGenderNeutralLanguageGeneralThepracticeofassigningmulinegendertoneutraltermscomesfromthefactthateverylanguagereflectstheprejudic

3、esofthesocietyinwhichitevolvedEnglishevolvedthroughmostofitshistyinamalecenteredpatriarchalsociety.LikeanyotherlanguagehoweverEnglishisalwayschanging.Oneonlyhastoreadaloudsentencesfromthe19thcenturyhooksassignedfthisclas

4、stosensetheshiftsthathaveoccurredinthelast150years.Whenreaderspickupsomethingtoreadtheyexpectdifferentconventionsdependingonthetimeinwhichthematerialwaswritten.Aswritersin1995weneedtobenotonlyawareoftheconventionsthatour

5、readersmayexpectbutalsoconsciousoftheresponsesourwdsmayelicit.Inadditionweneedtoknowhowtheshiftingnatureoflanguagecanmakecertainwdsawkwardmisleading?！癕an“Manoncewasatrulygenericwdreferringtoallhumansbuthasgraduallynarrow

6、edinmeaningtobecomeawdthatreferstoadultmalehumanbeings.AngloSaxonsusedthewdtorefertoallpeople.OneexampleofthisoccurswhenanAngloSaxonwriterreferstoaseventhcenturyEnglishprincessas“awonderfulman“.ManparalleledtheLatinwdhom

7、o“amemberofthehumanspecies.“notdominancethemalecenteredwldviewthatresulted。“He“startedtobeusedasagenericpronounbygrammarianswhoweretryingtochangealongestablishedtraditionofusing“they“asasingularpronoun.In1850anActofParli

8、amentgaveofficialsanction(批準(zhǔn))totherecentlyinventedconceptofthe“generic“he.InthelanguageusedinactsofParliamentthenewlawsaid“wdsimptingthemulinegendershallbedeemedtakentoincludefemales.“Althoughsimilarlanguageincontractsot

9、herlegaldocumentssubsequentlyhelpedreinfcethisgrammaticaledictinallEnglishspeakingcountriesitwasoftenconvenientlyigned.In1879fexampleamovetoadmitfemalephysicianstotheallmaleMassachusettsMedicalSocietywaseffectivelyblocke

10、donthegroundsthatthesocietysbylawsdescribingmembershipusedthepronounhe。Justas“man“isnottrulygenericinthe1990s“he“isnotatruegenericpronoun.Studieshaveconfirmedthatmostpeopleunderst“he“torefertomenonly.Sentenceslike“Adocti

11、sabusypersonhemustbeabletobalanceamillionobligationsatonce“implythatalldoctsaremen.Asaresultofthefactthat“he“isreadbymanyasamulinepronounmanypeopleespeciallywomenhavecometofeelthatthegenericpronounsexcludeswomen.Thismean

12、sthatmemepeoplefindtheuseofsuchapronounproblematic。SolvingthePronounProblemTheyasaSingularMostpeoplewhenwritingspeakinginfmallyrelyonsingulartheyasamatterofcourse:“Ifyoulovesomeonesetthemfree“(Sting).Ifyoupayattentiontoy

13、ourownspeechyoullprobablycatchyourselfusingthesameconstructionyourself.“Itsenoughtodriveanyoneoutoftheirsenses“(GegeBernardShaw).“Ishouldntliketopunishanyoneeveniitheyddonemewrong“(GegeEliot).Somepeopleareannoyedbytheinc

14、rectgrammarthatthissolutionnecessitatesbutthisconstructionisusedmemefrequently。HeSheDespitethegeofclumsinessdoublepronounconstructionshavemadeacomeback:“Tobeblackinthiscountryissimplytoopervasiveanexperiencefanywritertoo

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