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1、TheOxfdHbookofEthicalTheyCoppDavid(Edit)OxfdUniversityPress2005Abstract:TheOxfdHbookofEthicalTheyisamajnewreferencewkinethicaltheyconsistingofcommissionedessaysbyleadingmalphilosophers.Thehbookisdividedintotwopartsmirrin

2、gthefield.Thefirstparttreatsmetaethicaltheywhichdealswiththeeticalquestionsaboutmalitymaljudgmentincludingquestionsaboutmallanguagetheepistemologyofmalbeliefthetruthaptnessofmalclaimssofth.Thesecondpartaddressesnmativeth

3、eywhichdealswithgeneralmalissuesincludingtheplausibilityofvariousethicaltheiesabstractprinciplesofbehavi.Examplesofsuchtheiesareconsequentialismvirtuethey.Theintroductiontwentytwochapterscoverthefieldinacomprehensivehigh

4、lyaccessiblewaywhileachievingthreegoals:expositionofcentralideascriticismofotherapproachesputtingfthadistinctviewpoint.ContentsContributsxiiiIntroduction:MetaethicsNmativeEthics3DavidCoppPartI.Metaethics1.MalRealism39Geo

5、ffreySayreMcCd2.TheologicalVoluntarism63PhilipL.Quinn3.EthicalNaturalism91NicholasL.Sturgeon4.Nonnaturalism122JonathanDancy5.AntirealistExpressivismQuasiRealism146SimonBlackburn6.BiologyEthics163PhilipKitcher7.Sensibilit

6、yTheyProjectivism186JustinDArmsDanielJacobson8.MalSentimentalismMalPsychology219MichaelSlote9.MalRelativismMalNihilism240JamesDreier10.HumeanTheyofPracticalRationality265PeterRailton11.MalityPracticalReason:AKantianAppro

7、ach282StephenDarwallconcernourrelationshiptothestatethelawsuchasdecisionsaboutwhethertoabidebythetaxcodewhethertojointhearmedfces.endp.3Peoplewhohavegovernmentalrolessometimesmakedecisionsaboutcontroversialsocialissuessu

8、chasthemalityofcapitalpunishmentthejusticeofthetaxsystem.Allofuswholiveindemocraticsocietiesneedtomakedecisionsaboutsuchissuesifweintendtovoteresponsibly.Malphilosophyaddressesthemanyabstractethicalphilosophicalissuestha

9、tarisewhenweattempttomakesuchdecisionsinareflectiveresponsibleway.Ofcoursesomedecisionshavelittlemalimptbutmalconsiderationshaveabearingonagreatmanyofourdecisions.Apersonsdecisionmakingcanalsobeshapedhoweverbyconsiderati

10、onsofselfinterestlawetiquettecustomtraditionpeopleinprofessionalroleswhoaresubjecttocodesof“ethics”maytakesuchcodesintoaccountintheirdecisions.Thequestiontherefearises:Whatdistinguishesmalconsiderationsfromotherkindsofco

11、nsiderationWhatdoesmalityrequireDoesmalitydeterminewhatweoughttodoallthingsconsideredThesequestionsareaddressedinvariouschaptersinthevolume.Fmypurposesherewecantakeapersonsmalbeliefstobethebeliefsshehasabouthowtoliveherl

12、ifewhenshetakesintoaccountinasympatheticwaytheimpactofherlifedecisionsonothers.ThisstatementismevaguethanIwouldlikeitprejudgescertainquestionsbutitisaplacetobegin.Itiswthsayingattheoutsetmeoverthatinthisvolume“mality”“et

13、hics”areusedinterchangeably.Thisbookfocusesontheeticalquestionsthatcanariseinthinkingaboutanypracticalissueaswellasgeneralmalquestionsoftheeticalimptance.Appliedethicsisanareaofmalphilosophythatfocusesonconcretemalissues

14、includingsuchmattersasabtioncapitalpunishmentcivildisobediencedrugusefamilyresponsibilitiesprofessionalethics.CanwarbejustIseuthanasiaeverjustifiableThisvolumefocuseshoweveronquestionsthataremeabstractthanthese.Fexamplew

15、hatkindsofactionsarerightwrongThesequestionsmayseemfarremovedfromconcreteissuesofeverydayimptancebutanyonewhotriestothinkhiswaythroughapracticalproblemsuchasthequestionwhethereuthanasiacaneverbepermittedcaneventuallybele

16、dtothekindsofquestionsaddressedinthisbook.ThechapterbyGeraldDwkinismotivatedbythispointDwkinexaminesvariousphilosophicalmaltheiesinaneffttoseehowwelltheyaresuitedtohelpuswithpracticalquestions.Allofthechaptershoweverdeal

17、withtheabstractissuesIampointingto.Theseissuescanusefullybedividedintotwocategies.Firstaregeneralmalissues.WhatkindsofactionsarerightwrongWhatkindofpersonshouldonebeWhatarethemalvirtuesWhatingeneralhasmalvalueWhatkindsof

18、thingsmakeapersonslifegowellWhatdoesjusticerequireMostgenerallyhowshouldweliveourlivesInansweringanyofthesequestionsonewouldbemakingamalclaimaclaimwithmalimplications.Nmativemaltheyaimstoprovideanswerstothegeneralmalques

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