高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法通霸2016-定語(yǔ)從句的用法講解與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

1、 定語(yǔ)從句的用法講解與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案 定語(yǔ)從句的用法講解與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案 第1講 關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧 關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)1. 相關(guān)概念 相關(guān)概念 A. 主句、從句、關(guān)系詞 主句、從句、關(guān)系詞 例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句 主句：在含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，除去定語(yǔ)從句后的部分， 是句子的主句。(

2、例句中， This is the boy.是主句。 ) 定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞（有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)主句， 相當(dāng)于主句的一個(gè)定語(yǔ)。 ）(例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the boy。) 先行詞 先行詞：先行詞就是被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞等，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。(例句中， the boy 是先

3、行詞。 ) 關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞指用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。(例句中，who 是關(guān)系代詞。) 關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作用 關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作用 i. 作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)句子成分。 ii. 起著連接主句和從句的作用（參看 P. 錯(cuò)誤 錯(cuò)誤!未定義書 未定義書簽。 簽。錯(cuò)誤 錯(cuò)誤!未找到引用源。 未找到引用源。）。 iii. 代指被修飾的先行詞。（例句中，who 作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，同時(shí)起著連接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面 的先行詞

4、the boy。） B. 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞 i. 指人時(shí)可以用 who, 也可用 that。 Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate? The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle. ii. 指物時(shí)可以用 which, 也可用 that。 I like visiting places which/that ar

5、e not far away. How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday. iii. whose 可以指人也可以指物。 He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time. The tree whose leaves are red was planted last y

6、ear. iv. 關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。 I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night. Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now? 注：（）表示關(guān)系代詞省略 C. 關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)系副詞在從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)。when 指時(shí)間，where指地點(diǎn)，why 指原因，how 不能作關(guān)系詞

7、。如： ① We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. ② He has reached the point where a change is needed. ③ That is no reason why you should leave. ④ This is the way how I did it. (how 不能作關(guān)系詞

8、) 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 1. 用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子。 ① The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter. ② The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith. ③ A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan. ④ I’d like a ro

9、om ______ window looks out over the sea. ⑤ A letter ______ /_____ is written in pencil is hard to read. ⑥ The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important. ⑦ That is the boy ______ / ___

10、___ / ______ / ______ you are looking for. ⑧ Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting？ ⑨ This is the school ______ I used to study. ⑩ I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time. 2. 用符號(hào)標(biāo)出下列

11、句子的主句、 定語(yǔ)從句、 先行詞和關(guān)系詞。主句：___ 定語(yǔ)從句:（ ） 先行詞：先行詞 關(guān)系詞： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). ① The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. ② Have you bought the book which we talked about？ ③ I still

12、remember the day which we spent together last week. ④ He still lives in the house whose windows face south. ⑤ The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. ⑥ The girl who you met was John

13、’s sister. ⑦ There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends. ⑧ They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. ⑨ The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. ⑩ Is this the hospital where you were bo

14、rn? 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)2. 關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧 關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧 A. 選用 選用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞， 關(guān)鍵是看關(guān)系詞在 哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞， 關(guān)鍵是看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句 ．．．． 中作什么 什么成分 成分 含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句可以分為兩部分：主句和從句。關(guān)系詞是定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。 選用關(guān)系詞，要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分，而不 是看先行詞是什么詞性。 ① He worked in the factory which produces TV s

15、ets. ② He worked in the factory where his father had worked. ③ I like the school which is near to my home. ④ I like the school where my sister studies. 在句①和句②中，先行詞前都有 in, 但關(guān)系詞有用 which 也有用 where 的； 在句③和句④中，先行詞都是 the schoo

16、l, 但關(guān)系詞有用 which 也有用 where 的。 因此，我們可以看出，對(duì)關(guān)系詞起決定性作用的并不是先第十二章 定語(yǔ)從句 8. 【2014 廣東】The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ______we watched some people play volleyball. 9. 【2014 湖南】People should not do things ______ w

17、ill disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. 10. 【2014 安徽】The exact year ______ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 11. 【2015課標(biāo)Ⅰ】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limes

18、tone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 12. 【2015 廣東】When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _

19、_____ people from the town met regularly. III. 寫作技能提升 寫作技能提升 13. 【2012 上?！吭谡褂[會(huì)上，公司銷售經(jīng)理展示了孩子們翹首以盼的新型電子玩具。(demonstrate) 14. 這本書對(duì)我?guī)椭艽?，特別是在好印象是必須的工作中。（help greatly, expression, a must） 15. 我認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)參加社區(qū)活動(dòng)，在活動(dòng)中他們可以為成長(zhǎng)獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 （

20、involve oneself in, community activities, gain experience） 16. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起度過(guò)的日子。 第2講 只能用 只能用 that 不能用 不能用 which 的情況 的情況 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)1. 先行詞是 先行詞是 anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí) 等不定代詞時(shí) 1. He never reads anything _

21、_____ is not worth reading. A. which B. as C. who D. that 2. 【2010 全國(guó) 2】I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)2. 先行詞是 先行詞是 all, much， litt

22、le, none 或先行詞被 或先行詞被 all, much, little, no, any 修飾時(shí) 修飾時(shí) 3. There is not much ______ can be done. A. that B. which C. what D. how 4. There is no difficulty ______ can’t be overcome in the world. A. that B. which C.

23、who D. what 5. 【2014 陜西】Please send us all the information______ you have about the candidate for the position. A. that B. which C. as D. what 6. You can take any seat ______ is free. A. that B. / C. which D. it

24、 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)3. 先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及 先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same 修飾時(shí) 修飾時(shí) 7. The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. A. which; that B. tha

25、t; which C. which; which D. that; that 8. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 9. This is the very film ______ I’ve long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 10

26、. This is the last time ______ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 11. It’s the third time ______ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you’ve arrived D. whe

27、n you’ve arrived 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)4. 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞用 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞用 that 12. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist ______ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 13. He

28、 talked a lot about things and persons ______ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)5. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)或 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)或 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的實(shí)意 結(jié)構(gòu)中的實(shí)意主語(yǔ)時(shí) 主語(yǔ)時(shí), that 可指人或物，且通常省略 可指人或物，且通常省略 (概括為：在從句中位于

29、be 后。此條僅作了解) He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago. 他談起話來(lái)仍像十年前一樣。 The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been. 這列火車是有史以來(lái)最快的火車。 14. She is no longer the sweet girl ______ she used to be.

30、A. what B. who C. when D. that 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)6. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有 當(dāng)先行詞前面有 which， who 等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)， 為避免 等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)， 為避免重復(fù)，用關(guān)系代詞 重復(fù)，用關(guān)系代詞 that 同理， 當(dāng)先行詞是 that, those 時(shí)， 常用關(guān)系代詞 which 或who。如： What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？ Whic

31、h is the T-shirt that fits me most? 15. Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A. who B. that C. which D. whom 16. Who ______ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B.

32、who C. whom D. that 17. Those ______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)7. 注意：關(guān)系副詞不受這些規(guī)則的影響 注意：關(guān)系副詞不受這些規(guī)則的影響 只是在選用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)才使用這些規(guī)則。如： 18. 【2010 福

33、建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 19. This is the same house ______ her grandfather was born. A. tha