翻譯模擬題帶答案

1、1.Anabstractservesanimptantfunctioninaresearchrept.Itcommunicatesthescopeofyourpaperthetopicsdiscussedtoyourreader.Indoingsoitfacilitatesresearch.Abstractshelpscientiststolocatematerialsthatarerelevanttotheirresearchfrom

2、amongpublishedpapersmanytimesscientistswillonlyreadapaper’sabstractindertodeterminewhetherthepaperwillberelevanttothem.Consideringyouraudiencetheirneedswillhelpyoutodeterminewhatshouldbeincludedinyourabstract.(P302.1.3)摘

3、要在一份研究報(bào)告中起到重要的作用。它把你的研究范圍和你讀者討論的題目聯(lián)系在一起。這樣做時(shí)，幫助了研究。摘要可以幫助科學(xué)家從眾多出版物中查找與他們研究有關(guān)的材料，很多時(shí)候科學(xué)家只閱讀文章的摘要去判定這篇文章是否對(duì)他們有用。考慮到你的讀者以及他們的需求會(huì)幫助你決定你的摘要應(yīng)該包括哪些內(nèi)容。2.Aninfmativeabstractactsasareptinminiatureencapsulatingthewholepaper.Itsumma

4、rizesthekeyinfmationfromeverymajsectioninthebodyofthereptprovidesthekeyfactsconclusionsfromthebodyoftherept.Agoodwaytodevelopaninfmativeabstractistodevoteasentencetwotoeachofthemajpartsoftherept.Ifspacepermitsyoucanprovi

5、decontextualinfmationsuchasbackgroundoftheproblemthesignificanceoftheresearchbutyoucanalsoomitcontextualinfmationbecausetheabstractisnotsupposedtoserveasanintroductiontothesubjectmatteroftherept—yourintroductionwillserve

6、thatrole.Youshouldhoweverincludekeynumericalfactstomaketheinfmativeabstractbriefreaderswillnotbesurprisedtoseekeydatainaninfmativeabstract.(P342.3.1)一段信息性摘要起到濃縮整片文章使之成為微型報(bào)告的作用。他概述了報(bào)告主體部分每個(gè)主要段落的關(guān)鍵信息，還提供了關(guān)鍵事實(shí)和結(jié)論。開發(fā)一段信息性摘要有

7、一個(gè)好方法就是從報(bào)告的每個(gè)主要段落提煉一到兩句話。如果空間允許的話，你可以提供上下文的信息，如問(wèn)題的背景和研究的意義，但是你也可以忽略上下文信息，因?yàn)檎粦?yīng)該像介紹那樣闡述報(bào)告的主題，而你的介紹才是這樣的角色。然而，你必須包括關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)使信息性摘要簡(jiǎn)短，并且讀者在信息性摘要中看到關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)驚訝。3.Anindicativeabstracts(sometimescalleddeiveabstracts)merelyincludesinf

8、mationaboutthepurposescopemethodsusedtoarriveatthefindingscontainedintheiginaldocument.Thefunctionofindicativeabstractsistohelpreadersunderstthegeneralnaturescopeoftheresearcharticle.Anindicativeabstractindicatesthesubje

9、ctelsewhomightbemeinterestedinmeetingsizerestrictionsthaninrepresentingyourefftsinthebestpossiblemanner.(P432.6.6)一篇摘要必須是完全獨(dú)立的，是整篇文章簡(jiǎn)要的描述。摘要不應(yīng)該因?yàn)樽x者在翻閱查找某個(gè)解釋時(shí)遇到模糊不清的語(yǔ)句而使讀者厭惡（或試圖激怒）。摘要必須依靠它本身就可以解釋清楚。以下幾點(diǎn)需要考慮到：滿足字?jǐn)?shù)限制。如果你的摘要

10、過(guò)長(zhǎng)，要么它會(huì)被拒絕要么會(huì)被別人舍棄一部分使得篇幅變小。通過(guò)你自己來(lái)縮減摘要可以更好的達(dá)到你的目的，而不是讓其他人完成，他們可能更關(guān)注的是使文章滿足字?jǐn)?shù)限制而不是將你的努力用最好的方式表達(dá)。(P473.1中間段)6.Ofthevarioustypesofdocumentsscientistsengineerstakegreatestprideinwritingresearchpapersfpublicationinjournalswhi

11、chkeepscientistsengineersuptodateonwhatisgoingonintheirprofessions.Thewriterhasinfmationthereaderneeds:whatwasfoundhowitwasfoundwhatthefindingsmean.Goodscientistsengineersareinterestedinthequalityoftheirwritingastheyarei

12、nderaspectsoftheirwk.Theyknowthattechnicalefftcountsflittleifthewrittenreptsofthatwkdonotconveyinfmationadequately.在不同類型的文檔中，最讓科學(xué)家和工程師倍感自豪的是為期刊出版社撰寫科研論文，這使得他們了解他們所在領(lǐng)域的最新消息。作者有讀者所需要的信息：什么被發(fā)現(xiàn)，如何被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著什么。優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家、工程師對(duì)他們

13、文章質(zhì)量和工作的的其他方面一樣感興趣。他們知道如果他們工作的書面報(bào)告沒(méi)有充分表達(dá)信息那么他們?cè)诩夹g(shù)上的努力就會(huì)不被放在眼里。7.Thekeytoaneffectiveresearchpaperisintegratingtheresearchintothebodyofthepaper.Thisisalsothemostdifficultpartofwritingthepaper.Theresearchshouldsupptlendcred

14、encetoyourconclusionsbutitshouldnotdominatethepaper.Muchofthewritingshouldbeyourownideasthataresupptedbyresearch.Transitionalwdsphrasesshouldbeusedtoconnectyourthoughtstothereferences.Ifthat’snotdonethewritingwillbestilt

15、edcontrivedthepaperwillbechoppycoherencewillbelost.Rememberthattheresearchpaperislikeallotherfmalessaysalloftherulesofgoodwritingapply.Thepapershouldhaveanintroductionabodyaconclusion.Itshouldbefocusedfullydeveloped.(P51