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1、TheGiftsoftheNile尼羅河是埃及人民的萬(wàn)物之母，尼羅河水滋養(yǎng)了埃及悠久燦爛的文化，哺育了世代埃及人民。古希臘著名歷史學(xué)家希羅多德曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“埃及是尼羅河的贈(zèng)禮”。TheNileRivershapedthecivilizationofancientEgypt.TheriverwassoimptanttotheEgyptiansthattheancientGreekhistianHerodotuscalledEgypt“theg
2、iftoftheNile.”TheNilegavetheancientEgyptiansmanygifts.PeopleoftheRiverTheNile’smostimptantgifttotheEgyptianswasfood.Egyptdoesnotgetenoughrainfalltofarm.YettheNileValleybecameoneofthegreatestfoodproducingregionsoftheancie
3、ntwld.ThiswaspossiblebecauseeachsummerheavyrainsinthehighlsofAfricafartothesouthcausedtheNiletooverflowitsbanksspreadoverthesurroundingcountryside.Thisannualfloodingleftbehindafertilelayerofmudcalledsilt(淤泥)onEgypt’sfiel
4、dsrenewingthesoil.AtitsmouththeNilefansoutintoadelta(三角洲)fmingavasttriangleofmarshl(沼澤地).TheNileDeltawasthehomeofmillionsofwildbirdsanothersourceoffood.Meimptantthesemarsheswerefulloftallreeds(蘆葦)calledpapyrus(紙莎草).Inanc
5、ienttimestheEgyptiansusedthesoftmaterialinsidethestemsofthesereedstomakeatypeofpaperalsocalledpapyruswhichtheEgyptiansusedfallkindsofwritingfromlegaldocumentstohymns(贊美詩(shī)).TheNileRiveralsohelpedtounifyganizeEgyptiansociet
6、y.EgyptianfarmersstillneededwateraftertheNilefloodreceded(退去)eachyear.SotheancientEgyptiansdugcanalstobringriverwatertotheirfields.DiggingthesecanalskeepingthemwkingfcedtheancientEgyptianstodevelopthebeginningsofgovernme
7、nt.Acomplexprojectsuchasbuildingacanalrequiredtheganizationofgroupsoflabers.AnancientEgyptianpoemsays“Thewatersflownththewindblowssoutheachmanmeetshisfate.”TheselinesrevealanotheroftheNile’sgiftstoancientEgypt—transptati
8、ontrade.Theriverflowsnthsonthboundshipssimplytraveledwiththecurrent.Theprevailingwindsblowfromnthtosouthsosouthboundboatswouldhoist(升起)awidesailtotravelupstream.InthiswaytheNilebecameEgypt’sgreathighway.Itwasthefastestwa
9、ytotravelthroughthecountry.Grainothergoodstraveledupdowntheriver.Egypt’srulersdependedontherivertotransptthehugestonesthatwereusedtobuildtheirgreattombstemples.TheNilewassoimptanttotheancientEgyptiansthattheywshiped(崇拜)t
10、heriverasagodOsiris(古埃及冥神———俄賽里斯).OsirisdiedwasrebnliketheNilewhosewatersbroughtnewlifetoEgypteachyear.WhyitmatterstodayFromancienttimestothepresentthelifeofEgypthasdependedontheNile.InmoderntimestheEgyptiangovernmentbui
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