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1、SECRETARIATUSEHeadershouldbeblank.SECRETARIATUSEFootershouldbeblankINCLUSIONCONTROLLONGSEQUENCECASTINGBURTYMarc12PEETERSLeo1RUBYFabien2OSMONTPhilippe2(1.SidmarArcelgroupBelgium2.ArcelResearchFrance)Abstract:Thecloggingof

2、CCnozzlemeanshigherproductioncostincreasedsafetyriskhigherinternaldowngradingfinallycustomerrejection.Ithasdetrimentalconsequencesonproductivity.Practicallytheproblemoccursvariablyononegivenstronesequenceaspecificperiodo

3、nsomegrades.Recentdevelopmenthasevidencedcriticalprocessparametersinfluencingclogging.Asmanyparametersactoncloggingdetailsofthesteelmakingprocessmatter:injectionofargonrefractyqualitytheinclusionpopulation.Wehavedevelope

4、dusedsomepowerfulnewtechniquestobetterunderstthecloggingphenomenon.InclusioncontenttypecanbequicklyacterizedwithSEMPDAtechniques.Wehavethusspecificallytrackedtheharmfulinclusionpopulation.DeoxidationwithMgbearingaluminum

5、leadstothefmationofspinelinclusions.Theyaresmallerthanaluminafmlooserclusters.Nonegativeimpactisfoundconcerningcastability.Keywds:Clogginginclusionscalciummagnesiumoxidesspinel.0IntroductionThewdcloggingisusedwhenthestop

6、perliftsrapidlywhenuncloggingoccurswhichmeansasuddenofthestoppertogetherwithalargemoldlevelfluctuation.Ithasdetrimentalconsequencesonproductivity.Thecrespondinglycastsemisrisktobedowngradedmightneedarepair.Italsoresultsi

7、nincreasedsafetyriskfinallyincustomerrejection.Recentresearchdevelopmentshaveclarifiedcriticalprocessparametersactingonclogging[1].Fexample1200tmeofULCgradespertundishnozzleisachieved.Asmanyparametersactoncloggingtherefe

8、detailsmatter.Withstronglykilledladleslag(FeO1%)enhancedcloggingofAlKgradeshasbeenreptedatthecaster[2].BothCaMgcontentsinthemetalduetothemasstransferfromtheladleslagtendtoincrease.Therealmechanismisnotclarified:isitdueto

9、sometypesofinclusionsspinelcalciumaluminatestothepresenceoflargerinclusionsSolidCaaluminatesareknowntoenhanceclogging[3].ArcelhasdemonstratedtheirharmfulnessthankstothestarduseofthePDAtechnique[14].Differentiginsarepossi

10、blesuchasferroalloystransferfromtheladleslagrefracty.WithalowlimecontentoftheslagthecalciumtransferisdampedsolidCaaluminatesareavoided.Inthiscasethespinelpopulationdoesnotseemtoplayarole.Thispaperfocusesonspinelinclusion

11、sfmedduringthedeoxidationofULCgrades.SECRETARIATUSEHeadershouldbeblank.SECRETARIATUSEFootershouldbeblankFigure2showstwoclustersofdifferentfractaldimensions.AglobularinclusionhasaFdof3averylooseclusterofabout2.Fd=2.2350mF

12、d=2.45Figure2–TypicalclustersaspectalooseonemecompactoneFdisaacteristicfagivenRHprocess(Figure3).FddoesnotvaryverymuchafterthealuminumadditionintheRHexceptmaybeduringthefirstminutesaftertheAladdition(Figure4).Thismaybere

13、latedtotheclustercompactionobservedatlabscaleexperimentsusingCSLM.AseriesofsamplestakenduringthefirstminutefollowingtheAladditionintheRHwouldbeneeded.1922122232425plantAplantBplantCSidmarplantDFdfractaldimension()1922122

14、2324250246810timeafterAldeoxidation(min)3Dfractaldimension()Figure3–FractaldimensionofclustersindifferentRHprocessFigure4–Possiblerearrangementofclustersduringthefirstminuteafteraluminumdeoxidation1.2AlMgdeoxidationLabsc

15、aletrialsWehaveexhaustivelyanalyzedimpuritiesinthealuminumusedinthesteelmakingindustry:upto1%ofMgmaybepresentmaybeenoughtomodifytheinclusionpopulationduringthemetaldeoxidation.Wehavethencarriedoutadeoxidationexperimentat

16、Arcelresearchona300kginductionfurnacewithaluminumcontaining01.64.6%magnesium.Intermsofoperatingconditionssomeadditionalfumesagitationisobservedatthebathsurfaceinthe4.6%Mgcaserevealingthereactivityofthemagnesiumitself.Few

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