2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、附錄1外文翻譯原文3.23.2ElasticElasticmodelsmodels3.2.1AnisotropyAnisotropicmaterialhasthesamepropertiesinalldirections—wecannotdistinguishanyonedirectionfromanyother.Samplestakenoutofthegroundwithanyientationwouldbehaveidentical

2、ly.Howeverweknowthatsoilshavebeendepositedinsomeway—fexamplesedimentarysoilswillknowabouttheverticaldirectionofgravitationaldeposition.Theremayinadditionbeseasonalvariationsintherateofdepositionsothatthesoilcontainsmeles

3、smarkedlayersofslightlydifferentgrainsizeplasticity.Thescaleoflayeringmaybesuffcientlysmallthatwedonotwishtotrytodistinguishseparatematerialsbutthelayeringtogetherwiththedirectionaldepositionmayneverthelessbesuffcienttom

4、odifytheproperiesofthesoilindifferentdirections—inotherwdstocauseittobeanisotropic.Wecanwritethestiffnessrelationshipbetweenelasticstrainincremente??stressincrementcompactlyas??eD?????)36.3(whereisthestiffnessmatrixhence

5、isthecompliancematrix.FacompletelyD1?Dgeneralanisotropicelasticmaterial??????????????????????utrokftsqnjerqpmidonmlhckjihgbfedcbaD1)37.3(whereeachletterab...isinprincipleanindependentelasticpropertythenecessarysymmetryof

6、thestinessmatrixftheelasticmaterialhasreducedthemaximumnumberofindependentpropertiesto21.Assoonastherearematerialsymmetriesthenthenumberofindependentelasticpropertiesfalls(Crampin1981).Fexamplefmonoclinicsymmetry(zsymmet

7、ryplane)thecompliancematrixhasthefm:ithastobeexpectedthatingeneralmaterialswhichhavebeenpushedaroundbytectonicfcesbyicebymanwillnotpossessanyofthesesymmetriesinsofarastheyhaveadomainofelasticresponseweshouldexpecttorequi

8、rethefull21independentelasticproperties.Ifwechoosetomodelsuchmaterialsasisotropicelasticanisotropicelasticwithcertainrestrictingsymmetriesthenwehavetorecognisethatthesearemodellingdecisionsofwhichthesoilrockmaybeunaware.

9、Howevermanysoilsaredepositedoverareasoflargelateralextentsymmetryofdepositionisessentiallyvertical.Allhizontaldirectionslookthesamebuthizontalstinessisexpectedtobedierentfromverticalstiffness.Thefmofthecompliancematrixis

10、now:??????????????????????feedcccabcbaD0000000000000000000000001)41.3(wecanwrite：:)1(2)(2111hhhvhvvvhhhhhEvbafGeEdEvcEvbEa???????????和??1D?????????????????????????????hhhhvhvhvvhvvhvvhhhhhvvhhhhhEvGGEEvEvEvEEvEvEvE120000

11、0010000001000000100010001)42.3(Thisisdescribedastransverseisotropycrossanisotropywithhexagonalsymmetry.Thereare5independentelasticproperties:areYoung’smodulifvEhEunconfinedcompressionintheverticalhizontaldirectionsrespec

12、tivelyistheshearhvGmodulusfshearinginaverticalplane(Fig3.9a).Poisson’sratiosrelatetothehhVhvVlateralstrainsthatoccurinthehizontaldirectionthogonaltoahizontaldirectionofcompressionaverticaldirectionofcompressionrespective

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