虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法

1、TheSubjunctiveMood:虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、猜測(cè)、建議或與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等，也可以表示可能性較小的情況或不可能發(fā)生的情況，而不是客觀存在的事實(shí)（表示客觀事實(shí)要用陳述語(yǔ)氣）。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是由句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。虛擬語(yǔ)氣常用于復(fù)合句中，也可用于簡(jiǎn)單句。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法I.PresentUnreal:?IfI(youheshewethey)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(weredidhadetc.)shouldwo

2、uldcouldmight動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形e.g.IfIhadHIVIwouldknowbecauseIwouldfellsick.IfIwereyouIwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.II.PastUnreal:?IfI(youheshewethey)had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞shouldwouldcouldmighthave過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞e.g.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedangerhewou

3、ldnothavegothurt.IfIhadknownmeaboutgivingfirstaidIcouldhavehelpedthem.III.Futureimpossible:1.IfI(youheshewethey)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(weredidhadetc.)…shouldwouldcouldmight動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形e.g.IftheteacheraskedmetosolvetheproblemnexttimeIcou

4、ldtrymybest.2.IfI(youheshewethey)should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形…shouldwouldcouldmight動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形e.g.Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistimehewouldtryagain.3.IfI(youheshewethey)wereto動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形shouldwouldcouldmight動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形e.g.Ifweweretopanicwewo

5、uldnotbeabletohelp.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題I.關(guān)于假使條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣需注意的幾點(diǎn)1.如果從句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致這種假設(shè)條件句叫錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣.其主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成要根據(jù)所假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定.1)IfIhadtakenthemedicineIwouldbebetternow.如果我服用了那種藥的話現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好些了.2)Iftheweatherhadbeenfinert

6、hecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.如果(前些日子)天氣更好些莊稼一定會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好.2.Ifitwerenotfhadnotbeenf…也是一種條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句譯為“要不是因?yàn)椤?1)Ifithadn’tbeenfthedocthewouldn’thaverecoveredsosoon.4.Itisnecessarythatadoct(should)besentfatonce.5.Itisimptantt

7、hatweshouldlearnfromtoehrs.e.表語(yǔ)從句表示法.suggestionproposalderadvicedem等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)其后面的表語(yǔ)從句中也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣即should原形動(dòng)詞should也可以省略.1)Myadviceisthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.c.wish后面所跟賓語(yǔ)從句要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.e.g.Iwishthatshewereherewithmethatweweren

8、’tsick.IwishIhadsenttheoldmantohospitalintime.d.在asif引起的從句中動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣通常用weree.g.PeopletreatmeasifIwereadangerousperson.Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.f.同位語(yǔ)從句表示法.1.Thateveningcamethederthatwe(should)crossthe

9、riveratonce.IV.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中常見(jiàn)的句型有1.Itis(highabout)timethat…這一從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should原形動(dòng)詞其中should不可以省略.此句型譯為”該是……時(shí)候了”.2.wouldrathersb.didsth.haddonesth.此句型表示”寧愿讓某人……”如果是沒(méi)有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作從句用過(guò)去時(shí)如果是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí).1)I’dratheryoulefttomrow.2)I’drat

10、hertheyhadn’tgonetoschoolyesterday.3.ifonly…此句型表示”要是……就好了”.其后面句子的時(shí)態(tài)與wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相同既:如果虛擬現(xiàn)在要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)如果是虛擬過(guò)去要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)如果是虛擬將來(lái)則應(yīng)該用would或could加原形動(dòng)詞.1)IfonlyIwereabird!2)IfonlyIhadwkedhardasastudent!3)IfonlyIcouldlonthemoon!4.連接詞in