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1、Designation:E2700?14StardPracticefContactUltrasonicTestingofWeldsUsingPhasedArrays1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2700thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevis

2、iontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thispracticedescribesultrasonictechniquesfinspectingweldsusing

3、phasedarrayultrasonicmethods(seeNote1).1.2ThispracticeusesanglebeamseitherinSscanEscanmodesprimarilyfbuttweldsTeewelds.Alternativeweldingtechniquessuchassolidstatebonding(fexamplefrictionstirwelding)fusionwelding(fexampl

4、eelectronbeamwelding)canbeinspectedusingthispracticeprovidedadequatecoveragetechniquesaredocumentedapproved.Practicesfspecificgeometriessuchasspotweldsarenotincluded.Thepracticeisintendedtobeusedonthicknessesof9to200mm(0

5、.375to8in.).Greaterlesserthicknessesmaybetestedusingthisstardpracticeifthetechniquecanbedemonstratedtoprovideadequatedetectiononmockupsofthesamewallthicknessgeometry.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestard.T

6、hevaluesgiveninparenthesesarefinfmationonly.1.4Thevaluesstatedininchpoundunitsaretoberegardedasstard.ThevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathematicalconversionstoSIunitsthatareprovidedfinfmationonlyarenotconsideredstard.NOTE1—

7、Thispracticeisbasedonexperiencewithferrousaluminumalloys.Othermetallicmaterialscanbeexaminedusingthispracticeprovidedreferencestardscanbedevelopedthatdemonstratethattheparticularmaterialweldcanbesuccessfullyperatedbyanul

8、trasonicbeam.NOTE2—FadditionalpertinentinfmationseePracticesE2491E317E587.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2E164PracticefContactUltrasonicTestingofWeldmentsE317PracticefEvaluatingPerfmanceacteristicsofUltrasonicPulseEc

9、hoTestingInstrumentsSystemswithouttheUseofElectronicMeasurementInstrumentsE543SpecificationfAgenciesPerfmingNondestructiveTestingE587PracticefUltrasonicAngleBeamContactTestingE1316TerminologyfNondestructiveExaminationsE2

10、192GuidefPlanarFlawHeightSizingbyUltrasonicsE2491GuidefEvaluatingPerfmanceacteristicsofPhasedArrayUltrasonicTestingInstrumentsSystems2.2ASMEStard:3ASMEBPVCodeSectionVArticle42.3ISOStards:4ISO2400ReferenceBlockftheCalibra

11、tionofEquipmentfUltrasonicExaminationISO9712NondestructiveTesting—QualificationCertificationofNDTPersonnel2.4ASNTDocuments:5SNTTC1ARecommendedPracticefPersonnelQualificationCertificationinNondestructiveTestingANSIASNTCP1

12、89StardfQualificationCertificationofNDTPersonnel2.5AIAStard:6NAS410CertificationQualificationofNondestructiveTestingPersonnel3.Terminology3.1Definitions—FdefinitionsoftermsusedinthispracticeseeTerminologyE1316.4.Summaryo

13、fPractice4.1Phasedarraysareusedfweldinspectionsfnumerousapplications.Industryspecificrequirementshavebeendevelopedtocontroltheuseofthistechnologyfthoseapplications.Ageneralstardpracticedocumentisrequired1Thispracticeisun

14、derthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07onNondestructiveTestingisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.06onUltrasonicMethod.CurrenteditionapprovedOct.12014.PublishedOctober2014.iginallyapprovedin2009.Lastpreviouseditionap

15、provedasE2700–09.DOI:10.1520E270014.2FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3Availablefro

16、mAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers(ASME)ASMEInternationalHeadquartersThreeParkAve.NewYkNY100165990:www.asme.g.4AvailablefromAmericanNationalStardsInstitute(ANSI)25W.43rdSt.4thFloNewYkNY10036:www.ansi.g.5AvailablefromA

17、mericanSocietyfNondestructiveTesting(ASNT)P.O.Box285181711ArlingateLn.ColumbusOH432280518:www.asnt.g.6AvailablefromAerospaceIndustriesAssociationofAmericaInc.(AIA)1000WilsonBlvd.Suite1700ArlingtonVA222093928:www.aiaaeros

18、pace.g.ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates17.1.5Theinstrumentshallbecapableofpulsingreceivingatnominalfrequencies

19、of1MHzto10MHz.Fspecialapplicationsfrequenciesupto20MHzcanbeusedbutmayrequirespecialinstrumentationwithappropriatedigitizationspecialapproval.7.1.6TheinstrumentshallbecapableofdigitizationofAscansataminimumoffivetimesthen

20、ominalfrequencyoftheprobeused.Amplitudeshallbedigitizedataresolutionofatleast8bit(thatis256levels).7.1.7Theinstrumentshallbecapableofequalizingtheamplituderesponsefromatargetatafixedsoundpathfeachangleusedinthetechnique(

21、anglecrectedgain(ACG)therebyprovidingcompensationfwedgeattenuationvariationechotransmittance).7.1.8Theinstrumentshallalsobeequippedwithfacilitiestoequalizeamplitudesofsignalsacrossthetimebase(timecrectedgain).7.2PhasedAr

22、rayProbes:7.2.1Theapplicationrequirementswilldictatethedesignofthephasedarrayprobeused.Phasedarrayprobesmaybeusedwitharemovableintegralwedgedelaylineinanimmersionlocalizedbubblersystemmode.Insomecasesaphasedarrayprobemay

23、beusedwithoutarefractingwedgedelayline(thatisjustahardwearfacesurface).7.2.2Phasedarrayprobesusedfweldexaminationmaybeof1D1.5D2Ddesign.Only1Darraysdualarraysconfiguredwithsidebysidetransmitterreceiverarrays(asinTransmitR

24、eceiveLongitudinalwaveprobes)shallbeusedwithmanualscanningtechniques.F2Darrayswhichuseelectronicoscillationcalibrationshouldbeperfmedatallskewedangles.7.2.3Thenumberofelementsinthephasedarrayprobetheelementdimensionspitc

25、hshallbeedbasedontheapplicationrequirementsthemanufacturer’srecommendedlimitations.7.2.4Theprobeedshallnothavemeelementsthanthenumberofelementsaddressablebythepulserreceiversavailableinthephasedarrayinstrumentbeingused.7

26、.2.5Whenrefractingwedgesareusedtoassistbeamsteeringthenaturalincidentangleofthewedgeshallbeedsuchthattheangularsweeprangeoftheexaminationtechniqueuseddoesnotexceedthemanufacturer’srecommendedlimitsftheprobemode(compressi

27、ontransverse)used.7.2.6Refractingwedgesusedoncurvedsurfacesshallrequirecontouringtomatchthesurfacecurvatureifthecurvaturecausesagapbetweenthewedgeexaminationsurfaceexceeding0.5mm(0.020in.)atanypoint.8.Stardization8.1Rang

28、e:8.1.1TheinstrumentdisplayshallbeadjustedusingtheAscansfeachfocallawusedtoprovideanaccurateindicationofsoundtravelinthetestmaterial.Rangestardizationshallincludecrectionfwedgetraveltimesothatthezerodepthpositioninthetes

29、tpieceisaccuratelyindicatedfeachfocallaw.8.1.2TimebaselinearityaccuracyshallbeverifiedinaccdancewiththeguidelinesinPracticeE2491PracticeE317both.8.1.3VolumecrectedBscanSscandisplaysshallindicatethetruedepthtoknowntargets

30、towithin5%ofthephysicaldepth3mmwhicheverisless.8.1.4RangestardizationshallbeestablishedusingtheradiussurfacesinreferenceblockssuchastheIIWBlocktheseblocksshallbemadeofthesamematerialacousticallysimilarmaterialasthetestpi

31、ece.8.2Sensitivity:8.2.1Referencestardsfsensitivityamplitudestandardizationshouldbedesignedsothatsensitivitydoesnotvarywithbeamanglewhenanglebeamtestingisused.Sensitivityamplitudereferencestardsthataccomplishthisaresided

32、rilledholesparalleltothemajsurfacesoftheplateperpendiculartothesoundpathflatbottomedholesdrilledatthetestingangleequalradiusreflects.Surfacenotchesmaybeusedundersomecircumstancesbutarenotgenerallyrecommended.8.2.2Stardiz

33、ationshallincludethecompleteultrasonicphasedarraysystemshallbeperfmedpritouseofthesysteminthethicknessrangeunderexamination.8.2.3Stardizationonreferenceblock(s)shallbeperfmedfromthesurface(claduncladconvexconcave)crespon

34、dingtothesurfaceofthecomponentfromwhichtheexaminationwillbeperfmed.8.2.4Thesamecouplanttobeusedduringtheexaminationshallbeusedfstardization.8.2.5Thesamecontactwedgesimmersionbubblersystemsusedduringtheexaminationshallbeu

35、sedfstardization.8.2.6Thesamefocallaw(s)usedinstardizationshallbeusedfexamination.8.2.7Anycontrolwhichaffectsinstrumentamplituderesponse(fexamplepulsedurationfiltersaveragingetc.)shallbeinthesamepositionfstardizationexam

36、ination.8.2.8Anycontrolwhichaffectsinstrumentlinearity(fexampleclippingrejectsuppression)shallnotbeused.8.2.9AbaselineassessmentofelementactivityshallbemadeinaccdancewithAnnexA3ofPracticeE2491.9.CouplingConditions9.1Prep

37、aration:9.1.1Whereaccessiblepreparethesurfaceofthedepositedweldmetalsothatitmergesintothesurfacesoftheadjacentbasematerialshowevertheweldmaybeexaminedintheasweldedconditionprovidedthesurfaceconditiondoesnotinterferewithv

38、alidinterpretationofindications.9.1.2Cleanthescanningsurfacesonthebasematerialofweldspatterscaledirtrustanyextremeroughnessoneachsideoftheweldfadistanceequaltoseveraltimesthethicknessoftheproductionmaterialthisdistanceto

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