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1、Designation:D1403?10Designation:31084(92)StardTestMethodsfConePerationofLubricatingGreaseUsingOneQuarterOneHalfScaleConeEquipment1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD1403thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationi

2、ndicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.Thisstardhasbeenapprovedf

3、usebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thesetestmethodscovertwoproceduresfmeasuringtheconsistencyofsmallsamplesoflubricatinggreasesbyperationofa1?4scaleconea1?2scalecone.Thesetestmethodsincludeproceduresfthe

4、measurementofunwkedwkedperations.1.2Unwkedperationsdonotgenerallyrepresenttheconsistencyofgreasesinuseaseffectivelyasdowkedperations.Thelatterareusuallypreferredfinspectinglubricatinggreases.1.3ThevaluesinSIunitsaretober

5、egardedasthestard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesarefinfmationonly.IntheUnitedStatestheequipmentdimensionsstatedininchesaretoberegardedasthestard.1.4Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsu

6、se.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:2D217TestMethodsfConePerationofLubricatingG

7、reaseD4175TerminologyRelatingtoPetroleumPetroleumProductsLubricants2.2EnergyInstituteStard:3IP50MethodofTestingfConePerationofLubricatingGrease3.Terminology3.1Definitions:3.1.1consistencyn—oflubricatinggreasethedegreeofr

8、esistancetomovementunderstress.3.1.1.1Discussion—Thetermconsistencyisusedsomewhatsynonymouslywithperation.Generallyconsistencyreferstothewkedperationofagrease.D2173.1.2lubricantn—anymaterialinterposedbetweentwosurfacesth

9、atreducesthefrictionwearbetweenthem.D41753.1.3lubricatinggreasen—asemifluidtosolidproductofadispersionofathickenerinaliquidlubricant.3.1.3.1Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerfmsatwophasesystemimmobilizestheliquidlubr

10、icantbysurfacetensionotherphysicalfces.Otheringredientsimpartingspecialpropertiesareoftenincluded.D2173.1.4perometern—aninstrumentthatmeasurestheconsistencyhardnessofsemiliquidtosemisolidmaterialsbymeasuringthedepthtowhi

11、chaspecifiedconeneedleunderagivenfcefallsintothematerial.3.1.4.1Discussion—Inthesetestmethodseitheraonequarterscalecone(A1.1)aonehalfscalecone(A1.3)canbeusedtodeterminetheconsistencyoflubricatinggreases.Theperationfcesar

12、edeterminedbytherespectivemassesoftheconesshafts.3.1.5thickenern—inlubricatinggreaseasubstancecomposedoffinelydividedparticlesdispersedinaliquidlubricanttofmtheproduct’sstructure.3.1.5.1Discussion—Thethickenercanbefibers

13、(suchasvariousmetallicsoaps)platesspheres(suchascertainnonsoapthickeners)whichareinsolubleatthemostonlyveryslightlysolubleintheliquidlubricant.Thegeneral1ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02onPetrole

14、umProductsLubricantsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.G0.02onConsistencyRelatedRheologicalTests.IntheIPthistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionoftheStardizationCommittee.Thistestmethodhasbeenapprovedbythesponsingcom

15、mitteeacceptedbythecooperatingsocietiesinaccdancewithestablishedprocedures.CurrenteditionapprovedMay12010.PublishedJune2010.iginallyapprovedin1956.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD1403–02(2007).DOI:10.1520D140310.2Fre

16、ferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.3AvailablefromEnergyInstitute61NewCavendishSt.LondonW

17、IG7ARU.K.:www.energyinst.g.uk.ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates17.4PerationMeasurement—Placethecuponthepenetrom

18、etertablemakingcertainthatitcannotteeter.Setthemechanismtoholdtheconeinthezeropositionoftheindicatdialadjusttheapparatuscarefullysothatthetipoftheconejusttouchesthesurfaceatthecenterofthetestsample.Watchingtheshadowofthe

19、conetipisanaidtoaccuratesetting.Releasetheconeshaftrapidlyallowittof5.060.1s.Thereleasemechanismshouldnotdragontheshaft.Gentlydepresstheindicatshaftuntilstoppedbytheconeshaftreadtheperationtothenearestfullunit(0.1mm)from

20、theindicat.NOTE4—Iftheindicatshaftisdepressedwithfcetheperationmeasurementmayvaryconsiderably.7.5AdditionalTesting—Makeatotalofthreetestsonthespecimenpositioningtheconeinthecenterofthespecimeneachtime.Betweeneachmeasurem

21、entreplacethegreaseadheringtotheconewithsomeoftheptionremovedsavedearlier(7.2).Thecupwillneedtobejarredtoremoveanytrappedairthesurfacewillneedtobeleveledasdescribedin7.2.Theconealsoneedstobecleanedbetweenmeasurementsasde

22、scribedin7.3.Repttheaveragevalueofthethreemeasurementstothenearest0.1mmasthe1?4scale1?2scaleunwkedperationofthesample.8.ProcedurefWkedPeration8.1Sample—Sufficientsampletooverfillthecupoftheappropriategreasewkerisrequired

23、.8.2Wking—Transfersufficientspecimentothecupofthecleangreasewkertofillitheapingfullmoundedupabout7mm(0.25in.)atthecenteravoidingtheinclusionofairbypackingwiththespatula.Jarthecupfromtimetotimeasitisbeingpackedtoremoveany

24、airinadvertentlyentrapped.Assemblethewkerwiththeventcockopendepresstheplungertothebottom.Closetheventcockplacetheassembledwkerinthetemperaturebathmaintainedat2560.5C(7761F)untilthetemperatureofthewkercontentsareat2560.5C

25、(7761F).Thenremovethewkerfromthebathwipeoffanywateradheringtoitssurfaces.Subjectthegreaseto60fulldoublestrokesoftheplungercompletedin1min65sreturntheplungertoitstopposition.Opentheventcockremovethetopplungerreturntothecu

26、pasmuchofthegreaseclingingtotheplungerascanreadilyberemoved.Asthewkedperationofalubricatinggreasecanchangesignificantlyonstingproceedinaccdancewith8.38.4immediately.NOTE5—Ifawaterbathisusedifitisdesiredtoimmersetheptiono

27、fthewkeraboveitsclosuretakecarethatthelidiswatertightindertopreventtheentranceofwatertothewker.8.3PreparingSamplefMeasurement—Preparethewkedspecimeninthecupftestingsothataunifmreproduciblestructureofthegreasewillbeobtain

28、ed.Jarthecupsharplyonthebenchflopackthegreasedownwithaspatulatofilltheholesleftbytheplungertoremoveanyairpockets.Scrapeofftheexcessgreaseextendingabovetherimofthecupcreatingaflatsurfacebymovingthebladeofthespatulaheldinc

29、linedtowardthedirectionofmotionatanangleofapproximately45acrosstherimofthecupretainingtheptionremoved.NOTE6—Thejarringshouldbeasvigousasrequiredtoremovetheentrappedairwithoutsplashingthespecimenfromthecup.Inperfmingthese

30、operationsaminimumofmanipulationshouldbeusedasanyagitationofthegreasecanhavetheeffectofincreasingthewkingbeyondthespecified60strokes.NOTE7—Retainthegreaseremovedfromthecupinscrapingfsubsequenttests.Keeptheoutsideoftherim

31、ofthecupcleansothatthegreasefcedbytheperometerconetooverflowthecupcanbereturnedtothecuppritopreparingthespecimenfthenexttest.8.4PerationMeasurement—Determinetheperationofthespecimenthreetimesasdescribedin7.37.47.5.Reptth

32、eaverageofthethreeteststothenearest0.1mmasthe1?4scale1?2scalewkedperationofthesample.9.Calculation9.1Theperationvaluesobtainedfromthe1?4scale1?2scaleconeequipmentin7.5shallbeconvertedtofullscaleperations(TestMethodsD217)

33、bythefollowingequations:9.1.11?4Scale:P53.75p124(1)where:P=coneperationbyTestMethodsD217p=coneperationby1?4scaleequipment.9.1.21?2Scale:P52r15(2)where:P=coneperationbyTestMethodsD217r=coneperationby1?2scaleequipment.NOTE

34、8—Fullscaleperationvaluesderivedfromthe1?4scalethe1?2scalemaydifferfromthoseobtainedusingTestMethodsD217.Partiesinterestedinusingfullscaleperationvaluesconvertedfromthe1?4scalethe1?2scaleresultsmayusemodifiedconversioneq

35、uationswhenmutuallyagreeable.10.Rept10.1Donotrepttheactualperationvaluesfromthe1?4scalethe1?2scaleconeequipment(unlessspecifiedbytheuser).Reptonlythecalculatedvaluesfromtheconversionequationsin9.1.19.1.2.11.PrecisionBias

36、411.1Precision—TheprecisionofthesetestmethodshasbeenobtainedinaccdancewiththerequirementsofCommitteeD02RR:D021007).Theprecisionofthesetestmethodsasdeterminedbystatisticalexaminationofinterlabatyresultsisasfollows:11.1.1R

37、epeatability—Thedifferencebetweentwotestresultsobtainedbythesameoperatwiththesameapparatusunderconstantoperatingconditionsonidenticaltestmaterialwouldinthelongruninthenmalcrectoperationofthesetestmethodsexceedthevaluesin

38、Table1inonlyonecaseintwenty.11.1.2Reproducibility—Thedifferencebetweentwosingleindependenttestresultsobtainedbydifferentoperatswkingindifferentlabatiesonidenticaltestmaterial4SupptingdatahavebeenfiledatASTMInternationalH

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