英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八-最全英美文學(xué)常識(shí)

1、英國(guó)文學(xué)英國(guó)文學(xué)(EnglishLiterature)4501066OldEnglish(AngloSaxon)Period古英語(yǔ)（或盎格魯—撒克遜）時(shí)期10661500dleEnglishPeriod中古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期15001660151615781578162516251660TheRenaissance文藝復(fù)興1)ThebeginningoftheRenaissance2)Thefloweringperiod3)Theepilogue

2、oftheRenaissance16601785TheNeoclassicalPeriod新古典主義時(shí)期17851830TheRomanticPeriod浪漫主義時(shí)期18321901TheVictianPeriod維多利亞時(shí)期19011914TheEdwardianPeriod愛(ài)德華時(shí)期19101936TheGegianPeriod喬治五世時(shí)期1914TheModernPeriod現(xiàn)代時(shí)期1945Postmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義一、

3、一、OldMedievalEnglishLiterature中古英語(yǔ)文學(xué)(8世紀(jì)14世紀(jì))1)TheOldEnglishPeriodTheAngloSaxonPeriod古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期(4491066)a.paganpoetry(異教詩(shī)歌):Beowulf《貝奧武甫》最早最早的詩(shī)歌；長(zhǎng)詩(shī)(3000行)heroismaheroicScinavianepiclegend善惡有報(bào)b.religiouspoetry:Caedmon(凱德蒙61068

4、0):thefirstknownreligiouspoetthefatherofEnglishsongCynewulf(基涅武甫9C):TheChristc.8thCAngloSaxonprose:VenerableBede(673735)AlfredtheGreat(848901)2)TheMedievalPeriod中世紀(jì)(1066ca.14851500):a.Romance中世紀(jì)傳奇故事(12001500):thedleAges英

5、雄詩(shī)歌無(wú)名詩(shī)人SirGawaintheGreenKnight《高文爵士與綠色騎士》:Celticlegendverseromance2530lines~14thCAgeofChaucer:GeoffreyChaucer(喬叟13401400):文風(fēng)：vividexactlanguagehispoetryisfullofvigswiftnessthefatherofEnglishpoetrythefatherofEnglishfictio

6、n首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”首位用倫敦方言寫(xiě)作英國(guó)作家TheCanterburyTales:pilgrimssties受Boccaccio(薄伽丘)Decameron《十日談》啟發(fā)TheHouseofFameTroilusCriseydeTheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰羅曼史》(譯作)WilliamLangl(朗蘭13321400)：TheVisionofPiersPlowman《農(nóng)夫皮爾斯之幻象》:普通人眼中的社會(huì)抗議b.15thCE

7、nglishballads:ThomasMaly(13951471):Mted’Arthur《亞瑟王之死》圓桌騎士二、二、TheRenaissancePeriod英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興(15001660):humanism十四行詩(shī)，文藝復(fù)興，無(wú)韻詩(shī)，伊麗莎白戲劇1)詩(shī)歌詩(shī)歌HenryHoward(霍華德15161547)a.ThomasWyatt(懷亞特15031542):thefirsttointroducethesonintoEnglishl

8、iteratureb.SirPhilipSidney(雪尼爵士15541586)：代表了當(dāng)時(shí)的理想“thecompleteman”DefenseofPoetry《為詩(shī)辯護(hù)》AstrophelStellaArcadia《阿卡狄亞》:aproseromancefilledwithlyricsaferunnerofthemodernwldc.EdmundSpenser(斯賓塞15521599):thepoets’poetnondramatic

9、poetof伊麗莎白時(shí)代longallegicalromance文風(fēng)：aperfectmelodyararesenseofbeautyasplendidimagination.TheShepherdCalendarTheFaerieQueen《仙后》：longpoemfQueenElizabethAllegyninelineversestanzatheSpenserianStanzaSpenserianStanza(斯賓塞詩(shī)體):Nin

10、elinesthefirsteightlinesisiniambic(抑揚(yáng)格)pentameter(五步詩(shī))theninthlineisaniambichexameter(六步詩(shī))line.Enlightenthewldwithmodernphilosophicalartisticideasrationalityequality中期(SamuelJohnson)oldclassicsConfmtorulesprinciplesestab

11、lishedbyRomanGreekClassicalwritersuserimedcouplet(押韻的兩行詩(shī))derlogicrestrainedemotionaccuracybejudgedintermsofthethematicconcerna.SamuelPepys(畢博思16331703):Thegreatestdiaristin17thCTheDiaryb.AlexerPope(蒲柏16881744):新古典主義代表mas

12、terinsatireheroiccoupletAgeofPope–18世紀(jì)初期文風(fēng)：詞句工整、精練、富有哲理；對(duì)Byron影響巨大firstintroducedrationalismtoEnglAnEssayonCriticism(處女作)AnEssayonManOdysseyTheRapeoftheLock《奪發(fā)記》Dunciad《愚人記》c.RidSteele(斯梯爾16721729)Addisonwroteessays抨擊封建偏

13、見(jiàn)，傲慢的富人，及大眾對(duì)賭博和決斗的反感TheSpectat(旁觀者報(bào))：共同創(chuàng)辦；theSpectatClub現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)先鋒貢獻(xiàn)：資產(chǎn)階級(jí)新社會(huì)道德；18世紀(jì)英國(guó)社會(huì)真實(shí)寫(xiě)照；英語(yǔ)散文正式成為一大文學(xué)流派d.SamuelJohnson(字典約翰17091784):literarydictat“grchampioninliteratureofthatage”TheDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage:英語(yǔ)字典的

14、基礎(chǔ)；TheLivesofEnglishpoets:52earlyEnglishpoets2)十八世紀(jì)小說(shuō)的崛起十八世紀(jì)小說(shuō)的崛起:首批首批英國(guó)小說(shuō)家–theSentimentalistFatherofEnglishEuropeanNovelsMollFlersTheLifeStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe:thefirstpersonsingularCrusoerepresente

15、dtheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlystageofitsdevelopment.AJournalofthePlagueYearb.HenryFielding(菲爾丁17071754小說(shuō)家英國(guó)現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)創(chuàng)始人；comicepicinprose創(chuàng)始人文風(fēng)：exactstudyobservationofreallifeJosephrewsAmeliaTheHistyofTomJonesaFoundling《棄嬰湯姆瓊

16、斯的故事》:18世紀(jì)英國(guó)群像；Mr.Allwthy“ProseHum”c.JonathanSwift(斯威夫特16671745政論家“Properwdsinproperplacesmakesthetruedefinitionsofastyle”Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游記》:Liliput(小人國(guó))Brogdingnagians(大人國(guó))Laputa(勒普泰島)Houyhnhnms(慧馬國(guó))TheBattleofthe

17、BooksTheTaleofaTubAModestProposal(bitterirony)d.TobiasGegeSmollett(17211771)：冒險(xiǎn)小說(shuō)Sentimentalism(感傷主義感傷主義):Itindulgesinemotionsentimentwhichareusedasastofrelieffthegrieffelttowardsthewld’swrongsasakindofmildprotestagainst

18、socialinjustice.a.SamuelRidson(理查森16891761):thefounderoftheEnglishdomesticnovel小說(shuō)開(kāi)始審視“發(fā)生于內(nèi)心的東西”P(pán)amelaClarissaTheHistyofSirlesGrisonb.LaurenceSterne(斯特恩17131768)：LifeOpinionsofTristramShy《項(xiàng)狄傳》unusualqueerartisticfmc.Olive

19、rGoldsmith(戈德史密斯17281774)：RomanticschoolTheDesertedVillage《荒村》ShestoopstoConquerTheVicarofWakefield《威克菲爾德的牧師》：oneofthemostenduringactersinEnglishfiction3)PoetryofthePreRomanticismSentimentalism(前浪漫主義和感傷主義詩(shī)歌)：18世紀(jì)中期a.Jame

20、sThomson(湯姆森17001748蘇格蘭)：TheSeasons:themenatureblankverse；thefirstsignificantpoeminthetraditionofPreRomanticismb.EdwardYoung(楊16831765)c.WilliamCollins(柯林斯17211759)：OdetoEvening《晚頌》d.ThomasGray(格雷17161771)：sympathyfthepo

21、unknownmocksthegreatoneswhodespisehurtthemElergyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓園挽歌》；OdeontheSpringe.WilliamBlake(布萊克17571827浪漫派詩(shī)人、畫(huà)家、雕刻家)：symbolismTheMarriageofHeavenHellSongsofExperience《經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌》:TheTigerLondonTheChimneySwee

22、per《掃煙囪的孩子》世間的丑惡SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》:TheLambPoeticalSketches《素描詩(shī)集》f.RobertBurns(彭斯17591796蘇格蘭)：thegreatestsongwriterthenationalpoetofScotlthepeople’spoet文風(fēng)：lyricsonlovefriendshipsimplicityScotchdialectsMyHeart’sintheHi