模塊五unit 3過(guò)去分詞與形容詞作狀語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)

1、1模塊五Unit3過(guò)去分詞與形容詞作狀語(yǔ)講解與練習(xí)20111018一、過(guò)去分詞的特征1及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞既表被動(dòng)，也表完成。ThebookswrittenbyLuXun(=whichwerewrittenbyLuXun)arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople魯迅寫的這些書，受到了許多國(guó)人的喜愛。2不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只表完成，不表被動(dòng)。Theboyisgatheringfallenleaves(=leavesth

2、athavefallen)小男孩正在收集落葉。二、過(guò)去分詞的句法功能過(guò)去分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞，在句中可以作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1作表語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。Heisquitepleasedwiththedesignofthedress他很喜歡那禮服的式樣。(表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺)Don’ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken不要碰那個(gè)杯子，

3、它是壞的。(表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài))Theshopshaveremainedshutfaweek這些商店關(guān)門一周了。【點(diǎn)津】過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式上和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同。由過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Thebookiswellwritten這本書寫得很好。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn))ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun這本書是魯迅寫的。(被動(dòng)

4、結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作)2作定語(yǔ)。單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)常放在被修飾詞的前面，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)放在被修飾詞的后面。pollutedwater被污染的水a(chǎn)brokenglass一個(gè)被打破的玻璃杯atrainednurse一名訓(xùn)練有素的護(hù)士therisensun升起了的太陽(yáng)Weonlysellusedbooksinourbookste我們書店只賣用過(guò)的書。TheyboughtanewmachinemadeinShanghai他們買了一臺(tái)上海產(chǎn)的新機(jī)器?！军c(diǎn)

5、津】(1)有些單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞，像left(剩余的)concerned(有關(guān)的)等，習(xí)慣上用作后置定語(yǔ)。stingroomleft所剩的立足之地thepeopleconcerned有關(guān)人士(2)過(guò)去分詞修飾something，anything，everything，nothing，anybody，somebody，nobody，everybody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。Thoseinvitedwillbepr

6、esentatthemeetingtomrow被邀請(qǐng)的那些人要出席明天的會(huì)議。(invited作those的定語(yǔ)需后置)3作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。作賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般都來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞，和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系?？梢詭н^(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有：see，hear，watch，feel，think，find等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和have，make，get等使役動(dòng)詞，以及with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Theboyfoundhimselflostinthefest那

7、個(gè)男孩發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在森林里迷路了。Whenyouaremakingaspeech，youshouldspeakloudertomakeyourselfheard在作報(bào)告時(shí)，你應(yīng)該大點(diǎn)聲使自己被人聽清。Hesatthere，withhishstiedbehind他坐在那里，手被捆在后面?！军c(diǎn)津】由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)即成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。The

8、yshouldbekeptinfmedofthesituationthere應(yīng)該讓他們知道那兒的形勢(shì)。4作狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。(1)表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。Whencompletedthemuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.博物館竣工后，明年將對(duì)大眾開(2)表示原因

9、，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Encouragedbythespeech，theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle受到了演講的鼓舞，年輕人決定從事斗爭(zhēng)。(3)表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可用if等詞。Givenanotherchance，hewilldobetter再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。(4)表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though／although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)

10、從句。Laughedatbymanypeople，hecontinuedhisstudy盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。(5)表示方式或伴隨情況。Theoldmanwentintotheroom，supptedbyhiswife那個(gè)老人在他妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間?！军c(diǎn)津】(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。通常情況下，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，也就是說(shuō)，過(guò)去分詞與句

11、子的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Whenaskedwhyhecamehere，theboykeptsilent當(dāng)那個(gè)男孩被問(wèn)到為何來(lái)這里時(shí)，他沉默不語(yǔ)。(過(guò)去分詞asked與句子的主語(yǔ)theboy之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系)(2)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)也可在句中作狀語(yǔ)，但不受后面句子的主語(yǔ)限制，也就是說(shuō)，該過(guò)去分詞不和主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Provided(that)thereisnoopposition，weshallholdthemeetingth

12、ere如果沒(méi)有人反對(duì)，我們將在那里開會(huì)。(provided在此充當(dāng)連詞，意為“如果，只要”，315.Imcallingtoenquireabouttheposition______inyesterdaysChinaDaily.A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised16.Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishs__________beh

13、indhisback.(91)A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied17.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.(2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout18.JennyhopesthatMr.Smithwillsuggestagoodwa

14、ytohaveherwrittenEnglishinashtperiod.[2007福建卷]A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve19.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______fwds.（2011浙江卷）A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost20.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesid

15、ethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.（2011重慶卷）A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind21.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumalwayskeepshercolleagues_______withhersties.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused（10上海）22.Lawsthatpuni

16、shparentsftheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.wriedB.towryC.wryingD.wry（04重慶）23.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(2002廣東)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun24._______

17、_____someofficialsNapoleoninspectedhisarmy.(1984)A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowedby25.Whenfirst______tothemarkettheseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.（04全國(guó)II）A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.bein

18、gintroduced26.ItshamesmetosayitbutItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.（04全國(guó)IV）A.questioningB.havequestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned27.Generallyspeaking______accdingtodirectionsthedrughasnosideeffect.(2003上海)A.w

19、hentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken28.withthesizeofthewholeearththebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.（04湖北）A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared29.______fromothercontinentsfmillionsofyearsAustraliah

20、asmanyplantsanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryinthewld.（05湖北卷）A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated30.______inawhiteunifmhelooksmelikeacookthanadoct.（05湖南卷）A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havi

21、ngdressed31.______intouseinApril2000thehotlinewasmeantfresidentsreptingwaterheatingsupplybreakdowns.（05上海卷）A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput32.______fthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputerwkAlicewasinlowspirits.（06福建福建）A.Blam

22、ingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.Tobeblamed33.______byagreaterdemfvegetablesfarmershavebuiltmegreenhouse.（07浙江卷）A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven34.Ideally___fBroadwaytheatreFifthAvenuetheNewYkParkhotelisafavitewithmanyg

23、uests.(08上海卷)A.locatingB.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocatedD.located35._________therightkindoftrainingtheseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintotheinternationalstars.（09江西卷22）A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given36.________w

24、ithadifficultsituationArnolddecidedtoaskhisbossfadvice.(05北京春)A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing37.________nottomisstheflightat15:20themanagersetoutftheairptinahurry.（09福建）A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminde

25、d38.NomatterhowfrequentlythewksofBeethovenstillattractpeoplealloverthewld.（2006廣東卷廣東卷）A.perfmedB.perfmingC.tobeperfmedD.beingperfmed39.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraftthemostrecent_________attheendoflast

26、March.(07山東)A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched40.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschooltheirlessons_______ftheday.（07重慶）A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished41.InAprilthoussofh