經濟學原理·薩繆爾森--中山大學嶺南學院ch6

1、,CH6 Production and Business Organization,A.Theory of Production and Marginal Product,ProductProduct FunctionTotal ProductAverage ProductMarginal Product,Marginal Product Is Derived from Total Product,Diminishing R

2、eturns in Corn Production,Law of Diminishing Returns,We will get less and less extra output when we add additional doses of an input while holding other inputs fixed.The marginal product of each unit of input will decl

3、ine as the amount of that input increases, holding all other inputs constant.,Return to Scale,Constant Return to Scale:A change in all inputs leads to a proportional change in output.,Return to Scale,Increasing Return t

4、o Scale:An increase in all inputs leads to a more-than-proportional in the level of output.,Return to Scale,Decreasing Return to Scale:An increase of all inputs leads to a less-than-proportional increase in output.,Sho

5、rt Run and Long Run,Short Run: a period in which firms can adjust production by changing variable factors such as materials and labor but cannot change fixed factors such as capital.Variable FactorsFixed Factors,,Long

6、Run: a period sufficiently long so that all factors including capital can be adjusted.,Technological Change,Improvements in the processes for producing goods and services, changes in old products, or introduction of new

7、products.Process innovationproduct innovation,Technological Change Shifts Production Function Upward,Value of Networking Increases as Membership Rises,Productivity and The Aggregate Production Function,Productivity: th

8、e ratio of total output to a weighted average of inputs.Labor ProductivityCapital ProductivityTotal Productivity,B. Business Organizations,The Nature of the Firm Exploit economies of mass production Raise funds o