[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯--奧運會對北京消費者對其城市旅游業(yè)發(fā)展的看法的影響（原文）

1、APJML 22,190Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics Vol. 22 No. 1, 2010 pp. 90-100 # Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1355-5855 DOI 10.1108/13555851011013173Received December 2008 Revised April 2009 Accepted Apri

2、l 2009The influence of the Olympic Games on Beijing consumers’ perceptions of their city tourism developmentIlias Kapareliotis, Anastasios Panopoulos and George G. Panigyrakis Department of Business Administration, Athen

3、s University of Economics and Business, Athens, GreeceAbstractPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of the residents of Beijing for the improvement of the tourist infrastructure after the Olym

4、pic Games. The study identifies factors affecting the inhabitants’ perceptions about the tourist impact of the Olympic Games, and the development of special tourist types. Design/methodology/approach – A group of 1,000 u

5、rban Beijing residents from different districts are personally interviewed on their perceptions about Beijing as a tourist destination. Their perceptions are measured on the basis of infrastructure improvements made for

6、the Olympic Games, and the impact these improvements will have in Beijing as a post Olympic city. Findings – The Olympic Games improve tourist infrastructure according to Beijing residents. Infrastructure for the Olympic

7、 Games affects the economic development of the Olympic city, as well as the touristic development of the city. The above mentioned factors lead to three clusters of residents, namely the eco tourism supporters, the linke

8、d tourism supporters, and the mainstream tourism supporters. These three groups with different characteristics are responsible for tourist improvement, additionally to the development of new tourist models mostly related

9、 to the Olympic Games infrastructure. Practical implications – The improvement of tourist infrastructure in an Olympic City will attract different types of tourists who are not attached only to sports. Tourists intereste

10、d in culture, in eco- tourism, in linked tourism, and in mainstream tourism will also be attracted by an Olympic City. The outcomes of the study can be used by future Olympic cities in order to improve their image as a t

11、ourist destination. Originality value – There is limited research related to the impacts of the Olympic Games into the tourist industry. The present study identifies the impact of the Olympic infrastructure to different

12、types of tourism. Different clusters of residents will provide valuable insights related to tourism stemming from the Olympic infrastructure. Keywords Tourism, China, Cities, Olympic Games Paper type Research paperIntrod

13、uction The origins of sports marketing date back to ancient times. Sports marketing became more popular at the early 1970s when the American government banned tobacco advertising on TVand radio. Tennis and auto racing we

14、re the beneficiaries from tobacco sponsoring (Dwyer, 2005). As a result, brand names started to parade literally in front of the spectators of these events (Papadimitriou et al., 2008; Roy and Cornwell 2003). The diverse

15、 preparations for different Olympic cities and the whole process of nominating a city as an Olympic one rendered the Olympic Games not only the most famous big event, but also the most branded related one. The Olympic Ga

16、mes are a part not only of the new athletic branded models of shoes or sportswear, but also of an Olympic city. Thus the notion of the branding of places became more and more popularThe current issue and full text archiv

17、e of this journal is available atwww.emeraldinsight.com/1355-5855.htmAPJML 22,192games. The business model for promoting eco tourism implies a sound marketing program, with the help of the local community (Shannon, 1999)

18、. Ecotourism becomes very popular day after day, because of its impact on the environmental degradation. A lot of tourist infrastructures after the Olympic games are trying to market the fact that they protect the enviro

19、nment through the publicizing of their environmental qualifications or through labels of eco tourist process (Buckley et al., 2008). The environmental friendly approach is also adopted by a lot of governments when promot

20、ing their city both as an Olympic city and also as a tourist destination (Gladden and Funk, 2002). Mainstream tourism refers to the development of an Olympic city in line with the needs of the majority of tourists. Large

21、 resorts and entertainment places were developed in most of the cities where mainstream tourism succeeded. The most characteristic example is Barcelona with its theme parks. In that case tourism might be recognized as a

22、source of growth and diversification with the right kind of assets base (King, 2003). In some cases, mainstream tourism might be a source of attractiveness also for the Olympic committee, in order to select a host city f

23、or the Olympic Games. The Olympic concept is undoubtedly sports related, but the spectators’ entertainment is equally important and that is why the Olympic committee might opt for a city which combines both aspects (McGa

24、ughey and Liesch, 2002). Mainstream tourism is extremely beneficial also for the country which develops it. A lot of job positions as well as recreational opportunities for the city’s residents are created on a daily bas

25、is. The resident population receives access to high quality infrastructure, the government builds a better tax base, and the investors have a clear access to their property, serviced land, and financing (Giulianotti, 200

26、2). Linked tourism or linked tourist activities are a real opportunity for countries to develop their own tourist industries. The linkages that tourism might have are numerous. The term implies different types of activit

27、ies that can be done in a country or a city ( Jeanrenaud, 2006). Linked tourist activities are ideal for Olympic cities as they improve the infrastructure in different levels and industries. Those industries might be lin

28、ked with special opportunities given to the country, related to the majority of tourist needs. The opportunity to add value depends not only on the development of related tourism but also on the marketing program the cou