[雙語翻譯]土木工程建筑項(xiàng)目投標(biāo)外文翻譯—影響沙特阿拉伯建筑項(xiàng)目承包商投標(biāo)決策的因素（節(jié)選）

1、字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 字?jǐn)?shù)：英文 3354 3354 單詞， 單詞，17576 17576 字符；中文 字符；中文 5183 5183 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Alsaedi Alsaedi M, M, Assaf Assaf S, S, Hassanain Hassanain M A, A, et et al. al. Factors Factors affecting affecting contractors contractors’ bi

2、dding bidding decisions decisions for for construction construction projects projects in in Saudi Saudi Arabia[J]. Arabia[J]. Buildings,2019,9(2):33. Buildings,2019,9(2):33.外文文獻(xiàn)： 外文文獻(xiàn)： Factors Affecting Contractors'

3、Bidding Decisions for Construction Projects in Saudi ArabiaAbstract One of the critical decisions taken by contractors is whether or not to bid for a project. This is due to the complexity and uncertainty surrounding th

4、is decision, which is influenced by many factors. Given the above challenge, this study aimed to uncover the critical factors affecting the contractors’ bidding decisions in Saudi Arabia-based construction projects. A qu

5、estionnaire survey, which consisted of 31 factors, was distributed to first-, second- and third-grade contractors. In total, 67 responses were obtained. Median and relative importance index (RII) techniques were adopted

6、for ranking the most critical factors. Based on the received responses, the top six critical factors were “size of the job”, “type of the job”, “company’s strength in the industry”, “designer/design quality”, “rate of re

7、turn”, and “project cash flow”. The least significant factors were “job start time” and “l(fā)abor environment (union/nonunion/cooperative)”. The findings of this study show a level of agreement among all contractors about t

8、he critical factors. The findings would benefit contractors and subcontractors by increasing their understanding of the major factors affecting the bidding decision process. Contractors armed with such valuable informati

9、on will be better able to enhance their bidding decision-making process in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.Keywords: bidding decision; contractors; Saudi Arabia; construction industry; decision to bid, and bid pric

10、e determination. The first decision, whether or not the contractor wants to bid for a specific project, presents the contractor with a dilemma. In particular, a decision of not to bid might translate to an opportunity lo

11、ss. This opportunity loss could be in the form of failing to leverage the chance to generate profit, enhance the contractor’s position in the industry, and establish a working relationship with the client, among other op

12、portunities. On the other hand, a decision to bid will require the contractor to prepare estimates for the direct and indirect costs associated with the project. If the contractor bids for an inappropriate project, signi

13、ficant financial losses could follow which may, in the worst case, lead to a discontinuation of the contractor. The second decision is the determination of the bid price. For example, in the cost plus markup pricing, the

14、 contractor prepares the estimate for the direct and indirect cost of the labor, materials, and equipment that will be used in the project. Then, the contractor will add a percentage to cover contingency, office overhead

15、, and profit.The findings of this study will benefit both the industry and the research community. With respect to the industry, contractors would gain an increased understanding of the major factors affecting the biddin

16、g decision process. Contractors in possession of this information will be better positioned to make more informed bidding decisions, taking into account the most critical factors. This should pave the way to a more effic

17、ient and effective bidding process. In addition, this will further help them in selecting projects that match their capacities, leading to higher profits and better performance, in addition to avoiding the possibility of

18、 losses from ill-advised decisions. With respect to the research community, the findings will provide valuable information for creating more realistic decision models, which consider the context and the size of the contr