[雙語翻譯]外商直接投資外文翻譯--發(fā)展中國家的外商直接投資與電子商務(wù)之間的相互作用（節(jié)選）

1、2900 單詞，16500 英文字符，中文 5600 字文獻(xiàn)出處：Guilherme Pires, John Stanton and they can capture the scale economies of production and marketing on a global scale (Vernon 1979). He stresses the degree of standardisation as evidence

2、of maturation of the product. As the product reaches maturity in its home market, competition from similar products reduces profit margins of the producer in the home country. LDCs at this stage may offer competitive adv

3、antages for manufacturing in the form of lower unit costs. Vernon assumes that standardized products require a significant amount of input of labour, which is relatively cheaper in LDCs. From this new location the produc

4、ts will be re- exported to the home country.The Importance of ICT InfrastructureThe e-commerce development path has been troubled, first by the collapse of the dot.com boom in 2001 and more recently, by an apparent disen

5、chantment by investors with business adoption rates, relatively low trade volumes and arguably, low profitability in the B2B environment, at least prior to 2004 (EMarketer 2004). Expectations for an increased volume of t

6、ransactions have tended to rest on an expansion of participants at the global level, a corresponding increase in the value of trade exchanges and increased profitability resulting, for example, from transaction costs eco

7、nomies. This contrasts with the fact that the bulk of e-commerce in developed countries continues to be generated by business-to-business (B2B) economic activity. In the US, for example, B2B e-commerce (defined as transa

8、ctions by manufacturers and merchant wholesalers) accounted for 93% of all online transactions in 2004, (E-Stats 2006).Reliance on ICT, particularly the Internet, to achieve value creating global linkages of stakeholders

9、 means that FDI and e-commerce will be vulnerable to the diversity of different countries with respect to their culture, demography and infrastructure. For example, ICT infrastructure in the form of telecommunications ca

10、pacity and computing resources includes Web servers, application service providers and computers which support browser-based commercial transactions (OECD 2000a). It also includes the skilled workforce necessary to maint

11、ain, develop and support the on-line information systems that underpin e-commerce (ILO 2000). Such infrastructure is essential for attracting FDI and thereby achieving effective e-commerce participation in increasingly c