[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]外文翻譯--發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的生育權(quán)

1、6800 英文單詞， 英文單詞，38500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 2 萬(wàn)字 萬(wàn)字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Staggenborg S. Reproductive Rights in Affluent Nations[J]. International Encyclopedia of the Social the right to equality and nondiscrimination (Universal Declarat

2、ion of Human Rights, Article 7); the right to marry and have a family (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 16); the right to the highest standard of attainable health (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Ar

3、ticle 25); the right to reproductive health, understood to include family planning and maternal health services (CEDAW, Article 12); and the right to information and education concerning sexual health, family planning, a

4、nd reproductive services (CEDAW, Article 12; Article 14b).Contraception and AbortionThe struggle for reproductive rights in the developed world historically has centered on access to contraception and safe, legal abortio

5、ns. Contraception in the West has largely been framed as an issue of morality. Support for contraception was equated with support for extramarital sex and from the late 1800s onward, contraception was illegal in Canada a

6、nd the United States. Contraception was legalized in the United States in 1965, in France in 1967, and in in Canada in 1969. Since then contraception has become increasingly available world- wide (Bullough, 2001).Contemp

7、orary barriers to accessing contraception include cost, requirements for parental consent, differential prescription practices for different groups of women depending on race and socioeconomic status (Borrero et al., 201

8、3), need for prescriptions rather than over-the-counter access, and conscientious objection among prescribers and health care professional service providers (McLeod, 2010). Current controversies in contraception include

9、access to the morning-after pill, safety concerns, and coerced contraception based on race and socio- economic status as in the case of the Norplant implant controversy. Throughout the 1990s, U.S. legislators attempted t

10、o provide financial incentives to welfare recipients who received the Norplant implant. Some judges offered the implants to women as an alternative to jail terms – particularly racialized women and women on welfare. Teen

11、aged girls in predominantly Black schools in the United States were also targeted by campaigns to promote use of the Norplant implant (Roberts, 1997).Abortion is an enduring source of controversy in the West and its lega

12、lity varies widely among countries and over time. It has been a rallying point for women’s reproductive rights, restricted historically, but with access expanding over time. Despite the trend to liberalized abortion, bar

13、riers to access continue to be introduced in many countries, including mandatory waiting periods, biased counseling requirements, and unrestricted conscientious objection among health care providers (Finer and Fine, 2013

14、).In many European countries, abortion is allowed only during the first trimester; abortions during later stages of pregnancy being allowed only for specific reasons, such as the life or health of the pregnant woman, the