[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)外文翻譯--基于zigbee的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)（英文）

1、International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET Vol: 9 No: 10 91410-7575 IJET-IJENS @ International Journals of Engineering and Sciences IJENS 24Water Quality Monitoring System Using Zigbee Based Wireless

2、Sensor Network Zulhani Rasin Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Melaka, Malaysia Email: zulhani@utem.edu.my Mohd Rizal Abdullah Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universi

3、ti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Melaka, Malaysia Email: rizal_dem@yahoo.com Abstract— The application of wireless sensor network (WSN) for a water quality monitoring is composed of a number of sensor nodes with a

4、networking capability that can be deployed for an ad hoc or continuous monitoring purpose. The parameters involved in the water quality determination such as the pH level, turbidity and temperature is measured in the

5、 real time by the sensors that send the data to the base station or control/monitoring room. This paper proposes how such monitoring system can be setup emphasizing on the aspects of low cost, easy ad hoc installatio

6、n and easy handling and maintenance. The use of wireless system for monitoring purpose will not only reduce the overall monitoring system cost in term of facilities setup and labor cost, but will also provide flexibil

7、ity in term of distance or location. In this paper, the fundamental design and implementation of WSN featuring a high power transmission Zigbee based technology together with the IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver

8、is proposed. The developed platform is cost-effective and allows easy customization. Several preliminary results of measurement to evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of the system are also presented. Keywords

9、— wireless sensor network, water quality monitoring, Zigbee technology I. INTRODUCTION This work started after considering the critical situation of the polluted natural water resources in Malaysia. Keeping our

10、 water resources so that it is always within a standard determined for domestic usage is a crucial task. As the country is making its progress through industrialization, our water resources are prone to a threat of

11、 pollution especially from the industrial activities. It is a challenge in the enforcement aspect as it is impossible for the authorities to continuously monitor the location of water resources due to limitation espe

12、cially in man power, facilities and cost of equipment. This often lead to a too late to be handled situation. For that, it is important to have such a monitoring system with characteristics of autonomous, lower cost,

13、 reliable and flexible. The use of automation in monitoring task will reduce the reliance on man power at the monitoring site thus reducing the cost. This project focuses on the use of multiple sensors as a device t

14、o check the level of water quality as an alternative method of monitoring the condition of the water resources. Several sensors that are able to continuously read some parameters that indicate the water quality level

15、such as chemical substances, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity etc will be used to monitor the overall quality level. As the monitoring is intended to be carried out in a remote area with limited access,

16、signal or data from the sensor unit will then be transmitted wirelessly to the base monitoring station. A currently becoming popular and widely used technology based on wireless sensor network is extensively used in

17、 this project as it is able to provide flexibility, low cost implementation and reliability. A high power transmission with a relatively low power consumption Zigbee based wireless sensor network technology is applie

18、d in this work. Zigbee is a communication standard for use in the wireless sensor network defined by the Zigbee Alliance [1] that adopting the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for its reliable communication. It is chosen

19、 due to its features that fulfill the requirement for a low cost, easy to use, minimal power consumption and reliable data communication between sensor nodes. The development of graphical used interface (GUI) for the

20、 monitoring purposes at the base monitoring station is another main component in the project. The GUI should be able to display the parameters being monitored continuously in real time. Several measurement and p

21、erformance analysis to evaluate the reliability, feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed monitoring system are also presented. II. RELATED WORKS There are many works on the application of WSN for monitoring s

22、ystem such as in [2], where Zigbee is used to monitor the condition of long span bridge after considering disadvantages of the currently used wire and cable for data communications such as high installation cost of c

23、ommunication and power supply for the sensors, difficulty in the installation of steel pipeline for protecting the cables, sensor data distortions due to temperature changes on cables, noise affecting cables and sens

24、ors etc. The Zigbee is used for the short distance communication while CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) infrastructure was used for long distance communication between sensors and the server system. Another appli

25、cation of Zigbee in monitoring system is found in [3] for parking management system. In this work the Zigbee module is based on the ATMega128L International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET Vol: 9 No: 10

26、 91410-7575 IJET-IJENS @ International Journals of Engineering and Sciences IJENS 26C. Base Monitoring Station The base station consists of a same Zigbee module programmed as a coordinator that receives the data sent f

27、rom the sensor nodes (end devices and routers) wirelessly. As the coordinator needs to continuously receiving data from the end devices, it is normally mains powered. Data received from the end device nodes is sent t

28、o the computer using the RS 232 protocol and data received is displayed using the built GUI on the base monitoring station. Fig. 4 Block diagram of components in base station IV. SOFTWARE DESIGN The GUI platform was

29、 successfully developed using Borland C++ Builder programming that able to interact with the hardware (coordinator) at the base station. As shown in Fig. 5, three end devices are set for connection to the coordinato

30、r with one of them linked through the router to further extend the monitoring distance. Firstly, the user has to create a connection from the coordinator to the display unit, discover the surrounding nodes and settin

31、g the data polling rate using the buttons provided on the left side of the screen. The links coloured in red means that the connection is not yet established. When connections are establish the links change its colou

32、r to green as in the following Fig. 6. This is made so that it is easy for the user to identify the connection status of sensor nodes in the network based on the links status. To know the values of parameters being s

33、ensed, the user is able to directly zoom to each sensor nodes and all the values will be displayed as shown in Fig. 7 by clicking on the desired node. Here the actual values of temperature, pH and water turbidity are

34、 displayed in real time. As in Fig. 8, the user can get a one shot display of measurement status at every sensor node by clicking on the coordinator icon. Shown together are the Link Quality Indicator (LQI) values fo

35、r every connection between sensor nodes and the coordinator. The details about LQI are explained in section V. Fig. 5 Initial status of the GUI main page Fig. 6 Status of the GUI main page when network and connections

36、 between sensor nodes are established Fig. 7 Zoom display of values of parameters being sensed at any sensor nodes Fig. 8 One shot display of measurement status at every sensor node V. MEASUREMENT Several preliminary

37、measurements are carried out to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the Zigbee based WSN on the irrigation control system to confirm the reliability and feasibility of using it for the actual monitoring pur