版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
1、Qayum et al. Environ Syst Res (2016) 5:23 DOI 10.1186/s40068-016-0074-1RESEARCHEnvironmental taxation based integrated modeling towards sustainable environmental conservation approachAbdul Qayum1, Anjana Gupta2, Akan
2、ksha Gupta3* and Rakesh Arya4Abstract Background: Globalization and rapid industrialization was inevitable during late nineteenth century considering the demand–supply deficit and requirements of evolving societies. Ho
3、wever, at later stage these factors were mapped to be major reasons for the environmental pollution. Further, at the cost of environment degradation, development and economic growth cannot be achieved. The objective of
4、 the work is to design a green taxation policy to mitigate haz- ardous environmental impacts of various sectors and to visualize the benefits which can bridge the socio-economic divide prevalent, especially in developin
5、g nations. The approach is amalgamation of EIA based approach on the energy research institute criteria and environment-energy, economy.Results: Integrated model is based on the principle that the tax rate has to be com
6、mensurate with the environmen- tal damages which any project causes and it was found that both economic growth and environmental pollution are synchronous. Growth and development related projects cannot be compromised b
7、ecause of increased demands. Therefore, there has to be fine balance between development and conservation.Conclusions: The policies may be designed on the model discussed to bring out optimal contribution of industry s
8、ector towards generating resources for economic growth and to bridge socio-economic divide. Green taxation proves to be deterrent tool towards environmental degradation and optimal energy utilization.Keywords: De novo a
9、pproach, Energy-economy-environment, Environmental conservation, Environmental impact assessment, Green taxation, Socio-economic growth© 2016 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creati
10、ve Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the
11、original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Background It is widely argued that there is huge economic devel- opment pressure among developing nat
12、ions to address increased need of the people, where resources are scarce (Narula and Dunning 2000). Scarcity compounds the pressure on environment due to maximal utilization of natural resources. And, India is not an
13、 exception as it is second most populous country in the world. As per an estimate, it is very likely to overpass China by 2040 to occupy the apex position in the population pyramid (McDevitt 1996). It is argued that
14、energy consump- tion varies directly with population increase (John and Paul 1974). India will be under tremendous pressure to increase its energy demand to meet its overriding social and economic obligations due to bu
15、rgeoning population. Therefore, environmental conservation by mitigating effects of various effluents and pollutants becomes inevi- table. Taxation proved to be a deterrent towards reduc- ing the energy demand by impro
16、ving energy intensity. In Europe, fuel demand would have been twice if it had not followed the policy of high fuel taxation (Sterner 2007). In European Union (EU), it was found that industries that reduce pollution in
17、crease its resource productivity and switch to renewable sources is highly encouraged. In Turkey, a second dividend of environmental taxation, that is economic benefits in addition to environmental improvements, show
18、s potential when imported fuels are primary source of pollutant (Gurkan 2003). The concept Open Access*Correspondence: akanks11_isj@jnu.ac.in 3 Centre for West Asian Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi,
19、India Full list of author information is available at the end of the articlePage 3 of 10 Qayum et al. Environ Syst Res (2016) 5:23 while, producer is nerve center of the model incorporat- ing numerous inflows and bidire
20、ctional flows from both consumer and the government epicenters. In the mean process, imposition of indirect green taxes comes into the picture from which TERI-based model evolves. The energy research institute criteri
21、a are point based (total-106 and mandatory-30) and some are optional in nature. There is additional score (bonus) for covering these aspects of environmental conservation (Table 1). A schematic flowchart (Fig. 2) was
22、 developed for the taxa- tion methodology and is derived from ENVEEM model (Fig. 1) which triggers The introduction of GT to stabilize the dynamic equilibrium of producer with the govern- ment while TERI-Model describe
23、s the detailed method of taxation for a particular industry. For a project, EIA is done using TERI criteria and it is evaluated against the environment damages it has caused or causes during and post construction pha
24、se. Percentage adherence of a pro- ject to the listed criteria is also estimated using a factor ‘x’ which was calculated as % compliance of the project with TERI criteria of green building. Based on ‘x’; tax incen- ti
25、ves are granted as per the schematic flowchart (Fig. 2). Revenue generated from additional GT (penalty) shall go to the socio-economic development and revenue from GT shall go to the ‘Green Climate fund’ for long term
26、 goals. This will collectively lead to better governance, sus- tainable growth targets, and will catalyze the endeavors for bridging the expanding socio-economic divides.How CGE model is applicable for India? The envir
27、onment and climate change issues are not restricted to any geographical territory; rather it’s a global issue. Moreover, Turkish economy is not much dif- ferent from the Indian counterpart. Considering the issue to be
28、 global and without any specific Turkish economy parameters used in the CGE model, it can be extended to India as well without loss of any generality.How ENVEEM (CGM) model is connected with de?novo (TERI?based) approa
29、ch? The model deals with the dynamic equilibrium of ENVEEM triads. Economic benefits are accrued because of adoption of efficient energy which leads to environ- ment improvements. Prima facie, the blind industriali- za
30、tion at the cost of environmental damage contributes good economic benefit. It may be true in short term but this model fails miserably in long run and as post-indus- trialization ill effects are bigger dividends. The
31、dynamic equilibrium must be accounted by considering long term sustainable environmental goals. Under this circum- stance, green taxation shall be introduced as external var- iable to control indiscriminate use of natu
32、ral resources for longer eco-viable benefits. It acts as a catalyst for producer-government equilibrium which in turn affects producer–consumer equilibrium, simultaneously. And, GT is also a key binding element for t
33、hese two models towards developing the integrated approach.Supply of commoditySupply of CommodityImposition of indirect GTProducersGovernmentConsumerImported Goods I/O MatrixEnergyTechnology MatrixIntermediate GoodsSup
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 眾賞文庫(kù)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]綠色稅收外文翻譯--基于環(huán)境稅的可持續(xù)環(huán)境保護(hù)方法的綜合建模
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]綠色稅收外文翻譯--基于環(huán)境稅的可持續(xù)環(huán)境保護(hù)方法的綜合建模中英全
- 2016年綠色稅收外文翻譯--基于環(huán)境稅的可持續(xù)環(huán)境保護(hù)方法的綜合建模(英文).PDF
- 2016年綠色稅收外文翻譯--基于環(huán)境稅的可持續(xù)環(huán)境保護(hù)方法的綜合建模
- 2016年綠色稅收外文翻譯--基于環(huán)境稅的可持續(xù)環(huán)境保護(hù)方法的綜合建模.DOCX
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]環(huán)境治理外文翻譯--環(huán)境治理及其對(duì)保護(hù)實(shí)踐的啟示(英文)
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]城市規(guī)劃外文翻譯--東南亞店屋作為可持續(xù)城市環(huán)境的典范(英文)
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]環(huán)境治理外文翻譯--環(huán)境治理及其對(duì)保護(hù)實(shí)踐的啟示
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]環(huán)境治理外文翻譯--政府間環(huán)境治理關(guān)系(英文)
- 可持續(xù)的農(nóng)業(yè)綠色技術(shù)【外文翻譯】
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]環(huán)境治理外文翻譯--環(huán)境治理——從公共到私人?(英文)
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)外文翻譯--羅馬尼亞環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)展望(英文)
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]房產(chǎn)稅外文翻譯--房地產(chǎn)行為對(duì)稅收變化的反應(yīng)(英文)
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]環(huán)境治理外文翻譯--環(huán)境治理及其對(duì)保護(hù)實(shí)踐的啟示中英全
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]外文翻譯--社會(huì)和環(huán)境會(huì)計(jì)研究框架(英文)
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]綠色會(huì)計(jì)外文翻譯--綠色會(huì)計(jì)從企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任和環(huán)境披露角度反思(英文)
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]建筑學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)外文翻譯—綠色建筑綠色與可持續(xù)建筑技術(shù)分析
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]建筑學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)外文翻譯—綠色建筑:綠色與可持續(xù)建筑技術(shù)分析
- 基于環(huán)境保護(hù)投資的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)模型研究.pdf
- [雙語(yǔ)翻譯]城市規(guī)劃外文翻譯--東南亞店屋作為可持續(xù)城市環(huán)境的典范
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論