外文文獻翻譯---電子廢棄物拆解與管理的影響（英文）

1、Influence of E?Waste Dismantling and Its Regulations: Temporal Trend, Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Rice Grains, and Its Potential Health RiskJianjie Fu, Aiqian Zhang,* Thanh Wang, Guangbo Qu, Junjuan Shao, Bo

2、Yuan, Yawei Wang,* and Guibin JiangState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of Chin

3、a* S Supporting InformationABSTRACT: Enhanced regulations, centralized dismantling processes, and sophisticated recycling technologies have been implemented in some e-waste dismantling areas in China with regard to envir

4、onmental and economic aspects since 2005. In this study, rice grain samples were collected from 2006 to 2010 in an e-waste dismantling area to investigate the temporal trends and spatial distribution of As, Cd, Cu, and P

5、b. Geometric means of As, Cd, Cu, and Pb in rice samples from the e-waste dismantling area were 111, 217, 4676, and 237 ng g?1, respectively. Levels of Pb showed a significant decreasing trend during the sampling period,

6、 whereas the other three elements remained relatively constant or even increased. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the e-waste dismantling area were significantly higher than those in the non-e-waste dismantling area

7、(p 1 indicates potential adverse health effects and HQ > 10 suggests high, chronic risk.8 Furthermore, the exposure of a combination of individual toxic trace elements might result in additive effects, therefore HQ f

8、or each element could be summed to generate the hazard index (HI) (HI = Σn = 1 i HQi).22 TDI of As, Cd and Pb (50, 1, 3.6 μg kg?1 bw, respectively) were calculated from the formula: TDI = PTWI/ 7, where PTWI is the Provi

9、sional Tolerable Weekly Intake suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.23,24 TDICu was set at 40 μg kg?1 bw, as according to the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and other r

10、elated studies.8,25 In this study, the average daily rice intake of adults and children were considered to be 323 and 198 g per day, and the average body weights of adults and children were assumed to be 60 and 32.7 kg,

11、respectively.26,27 ■ RESULT AND DISCUSSIONHeavy Metals in Rice and Contamination Source. Basic statistics on levels of the three heavy metals in rice and hull samples are shown in Table 1. Obviously, Pb, Cu, and Cd conce

12、ntrations were significantly higher in RE than in RN (p <Table 1. Levels of Heavy Metal Contents in Rice and Hull Samples from E-Waste and Non-E-Waste Dismantling Areas (ng g?1)element site N range median AMa (ASDb) G

13、M (GSDc)As REd 79 14?284 117 119 (42) 111 (1.5)RNe 20 72?337 116 137 (67) 126 (1.5)Cd RE 79 2.9?5154 260 449 (671) 217 (3.8)RN 20 2.8?258 24 58 (67) 30 (3.4)Cu RE 79 280?8606 4607 4944 (1381) 4676 (1.5)RN 20 638?4341 261

14、9 2560 (742) 2425 (1.5)Pb RE 79 25?482 237 250 (72) 237 (1.5)RN 20 103?161 115 118 (14) 117 (1.1)As HEf 79 92?539 267 274 (89) 259 (1.4)HNg 20 116?635 159 222 (142) 194 (1.6)Cd HE 79 29?3137 285 473 (566) 283 (2.8)HN 20

15、15?142 36 49 (36) 39 (2.0)Cu HE 79 2541?176257 7957 10455 (19203) 8039 (1.7)HN 20 641?16371 2273 3393 (3321) 2645 (1.9)Pb HE 79 1069?34471 3347 4013 (3850) 3430 (1.6)HN 20 611?2815 740 914 (483) 847 (1.4) aArithmetic mea

16、n. bArithmetic standard deviation. cGeometric standard deviation. dRice samples from e-waste dismantling area. eRice samples from non-e-waste dismantling area. fHull samples from e-waste dismantling area. gHull samples f