2016年人教版初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)

1、2016 2016 年人 年人教版英 版英語(yǔ)中考分 中考分冊(cè)復(fù) 冊(cè)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit 1-Unit 2重點(diǎn)句型 重點(diǎn)句型1. —My name’s Jenny. —I’m Gina. Nice to meet you.2. —What’s your/his/her name? —My/His/Her name is … .3. What’s your/his/her family/first name?4. —What’s y

2、our telephone number? —It’s 218-9176.5. What’s his/ her telephone number?6. —What’s this/that in English? —It’s a ruler.7. —Is this/that your pencil? —Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.8. How do you spell pencil?/Spell pen

3、cil./Can you spell pencil?9. Is that your computer game in the lost and found case?10. Call Alan at 495-3539.重點(diǎn) 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法be be 在一般 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的基本用法： 中的基本用法：I 用 am, you 用 are，is 跟著他她它。He ,she ,it 用 is，we, you they 都用 are。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)

4、數(shù)名詞都用 are。be 的幾種形式：is, am, are —being —was, were —been主謂一致： 一致：主謂一致的 15 種?？记闆r：1． 表示時(shí)間，重量，數(shù)目，價(jià)格，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管他們是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果把這些復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞或短語(yǔ)看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Two months is quite a long time. Twenty dollars is enough.2．

5、動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞，從句或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。To see is to believe. It is not easy to master a foreign language.3． 由 and 連接兩個(gè)成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)其表示的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。如果其表示的是一個(gè)整體的概念或指的是同一事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果其表示的是兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The writer and the teache

6、r are coming.The poet and teacher is one of my friends.4． 集合名詞 people，police 一般看作復(fù)數(shù)意義，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外一些集合名詞 family，enemy，class，army 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的實(shí)際含義而定。當(dāng)他們表示的是整體意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；當(dāng)他們強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。In England, peo

7、ple eat fish and chips.The Chinese people（民族）is a great people.5． 名詞性物主代詞 mine，yours，his，hers， its，ours，theirs 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該代詞所表示的意義是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。His parents are young, but mine are old.6． 以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，

8、如 news，physics，politics，maths 等。No news is good news. Physics is the most difficult subject for him.7． 由 or，either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…等詞連接名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和最接近的主語(yǔ)一致。Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Sh

9、anghai before.8． 以 there，here 開(kāi)頭的句子，若主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。There is a table and four chairs in the room.Here are some books and paper for you.9． trousers，clothes，glasses，compasses，chopsticks 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果前面有 a pa

10、ir of 短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Jim’s trousers are brown. The pair of glasses is Mr. Green’s.10． 由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。A lot of people have been to London.Three-fifths of the water is dirty

11、.11． “a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A great number of birds fly to the south in winter.The number of lions does not change much if people leave things as they are.12．代詞 something，anythin

12、g，nothing，everyone，anybody，nobody，each，neither，either，little，much，one 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Neither of us is a boy。Each of them has an English dictionary。One of the students was late for school。13．All，some none，most，any 等代詞作主語(yǔ)

13、時(shí)，若其指復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若其指單數(shù)形式，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Not all work is difficult。Not all the students are here。14．有些形容詞前面加上定冠詞 the，如 the poor，the old，the yong，the rich，the dying 等用來(lái)表示一類人時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The old are good taken care of。1

14、5．Many a 意為“許多”，但因后面跟的是單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has passed the exam。練習(xí)：1．The news for my brother。A. are B. were C. be D. is2．A boy with two dogs when the earthquake rocked

15、 the city。A. were sleeping B. is asleepC. was sleeping D. are asleep3．Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began。A. are B. is C. was D. we

16、re4．Neither he nor I from Canada。We are from Australia 。A. is B. are C. am D. be5．Jim works hard on his Chinese and 。A. so Lucy does B. so is LucyC. so does

17、Lucy D. so Lucy is 6．Jenny and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow。. A. is B. am C. are D. be7．Henry，with his frie

18、nds， volleyball every afternoon。A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played8．Fish and chips the most take—away food in England。A. are B. is C. were D. was9．M

19、y family early in the morning。A. get B. gets C. has got D. have got10．Maths my favorite subject。A. be B. is C. am D. are11. How time flies! Three year

20、s really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were12. liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. Of them are the pride of China.I like these games but Idon’t like those.我喜歡這些游戲,但不喜歡

21、那些.(these 近指,those 遠(yuǎn)指)2. that,those 常常用來(lái)代替前面已提到過(guò)的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。those 代指復(fù)數(shù)形式，that 代指單數(shù)形式。The computer works faster than those we bought last year。這些計(jì)算機(jī)比我們?nèi)ツ曩I的工作速度快。The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city

22、。鄉(xiāng)村生活比城市的生活要安靜。對(duì)于上文中所提到的事物，英語(yǔ)中常用 that 或 those 表示，而漢語(yǔ)卻常用“這”表示。如：I had a bad cold。That’s why I didn’t attend the lecture。我感冒了，這就是我為什么沒(méi)去聽(tīng)講座的原因。Those are the DVDs you want。這就是你要的 DVD 碟片。Units Units 5-6 5-6重點(diǎn)句型 重點(diǎn)句型：Do Do you

23、 you have have a basketball? basketball? Yes, Yes, I do. do. / No, No, I don don’t. t.Let Let’s watch watch TV. TV. No, No, that that sounds sounds boring. boring.That That sounds sounds great. great.Do Do you yo

24、u like like hamburgers? hamburgers? Yes, Yes, I do. do. / No, No, I don don’t. t.I like like French French fries. fries. I don don’t like like tomatoes. tomatoes.重點(diǎn) 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法:名詞一.名詞的分 的分類:名詞分為專 為專有名 有名詞和普通名 和普通名詞。專有名

25、有名詞指?jìng)€(gè)人，地方 人，地方,機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名 有名稱. 如： 如：China, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, Li Li lei lei。普通 。普通名詞又分 又分為個(gè)體名 體名詞: 某類人或 人或東西中的 西中的個(gè)體.如 fighter, fighter, gun, gun, country, country, 集體名 集體名詞:若干 若干個(gè)體組成的集合體 成的集合體.如 family, family, team

26、, team, police, police, class class物質(zhì)名詞：無(wú)法分 ：無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的 體的實(shí)物。如 物。如 cotton, cotton, tea, tea, air, air, 抽象名 抽象名詞: 動(dòng)作, 狀態(tài), 品質(zhì), 感情等抽象 感情等抽象概念. 如: health, health, happiness. happiness.個(gè)體名 體名詞和集體名 和集體名詞又叫做可 又叫做可數(shù)名詞.物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名 和抽象名

27、詞又叫做不可 又叫做不可數(shù)名詞.二.名詞的數(shù)?？?。可數(shù)名詞都有 都有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)之分。 之分。Ⅰ: 規(guī)則 規(guī)則的可 的可數(shù)名詞變 詞變復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則 規(guī)則如下： 如下：1. 1.一般情 一般情況加 s : books, books, mouths, mouths, houses, houses, girls girls2. 2.以 s，sh sh，ch, ch, x 結(jié)尾的 尾的 es: es: classes, classes

28、, boxes, boxes, matches matches3. 3.輔音字母 音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的 尾的變 y 為 i, i,再加 再加 es: es: cities,countries, cities,countries, parties,factories parties,factories4. 4.以 o 結(jié)尾的 尾的詞多數(shù)+es +es heroes heroes Negroes Negroes pota

29、toes potatoes tomatoes tomatoes zeroes zeroes / zeros zeros以 o 結(jié)尾并且詞尾有 尾有兩個(gè) 兩個(gè)元音字母 元音字母 +s +s radios, radios, zoos, zoos, bamboos bamboos , (pianos (pianos ,kilos ,kilos photos photos 是特殊 是特殊)5. 5.以 f, f, fe fe 結(jié)尾的改

30、尾的改 f, f,或 fe fe 為 v, v,再+es, +es,例如 例如:leaves, :leaves, lives, lives, wives wives knives, knives, halves, halves, wolves wolvesThe The thief thief’s wife wife killed killed three three wolves wolves with with some some

31、 leaves leaves and and knives knives in in half half of of her her life. life.但是 但是,也有一些 也有一些+s, +s,如 roofs, roofs, proofs, proofs, gulfs, gulfs, beliefs, beliefs, handkerchiefs handkerchiefs / handkerchieves handkerchie

32、vesⅡ: 不規(guī)則 規(guī)則的可 的可數(shù)名詞變 詞變復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則 規(guī)則：1. 1. man man—men, men, woman woman—women, women, tooth tooth—teeth, teeth, foot foot—feet, feet, child child—children, children, mouse mouse—mice, mice, 2. 2.單復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)相同 相同: sheep, sheep

33、, fish, fish, deer, deer, means, means, Chinese, Chinese, Japanese, Japanese, fish fish 如表示不同 如表示不同種類的魚(yú)時(shí) 魚(yú)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)是 fishes; fishes; There There are are many many kinds kinds of of fishes fishes in in that that lake. lake.3

34、. 3.以 man, man, woman woman 修飾名詞構(gòu)成合成 成合成詞時(shí) 詞時(shí),兩個(gè) 兩個(gè)詞都變化. man man servant servant—men men servants( servants(男仆 男仆). ). (boy/girl (boy/girl students) students)woman woman doctor doctor—women women doctors. doctors.4

35、. 4.復(fù)合名 合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)形式 形式:son-in-law----sons-in-law son-in-law----sons-in-law (主體名 主體名詞變 詞變化)film-goer----film-goers, film-goer----film-goers, grown-up----grown-ups grown-up----grown-ups (如果 如果沒(méi)有主體名 有主體名詞,在詞尾加 尾加復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù))5.

36、5.字母 字母,阿拉伯 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的 字的復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)形式一般加“’ 形式一般加“’s ”或“ ”或“s”.There There are are two two l’s in in the the word word “ all all ”.It It happened happened in in the the 1960 1960’s /1960s. /1960s.I will will not not accept accept

37、your your if if’s and and but but’s. s.6. 6.物質(zhì)名詞一般 一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)，有 ，有時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)形式表示不同 形式表示不同種類，wheats, wheats, fruits, fruits, vegetables, vegetables,有時(shí)表示更廣的 表示更廣的詞義 詞義，wood wood—woods, woods, water water—waters, waters, sand

38、 sand—sands sands7. 7.定冠 定冠詞加姓氏的 加姓氏的復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)表示一家人。 表示一家人。 the the Turners, Turners, the the Smiths, Smiths, the the Wangs. Wangs.8. 8.集體名 集體名詞 people, people, police, police, cattle cattle 總是作 是作復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)，( people people 作民族，

39、 作民族，種族時(shí)有單復(fù)數(shù)兩種 復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式 形式)Many Many cattle cattle are are kept. kept.Several Several police police were were on on duty. duty.The The Chinese Chinese are are a brave brave and and hard-working hard-working people. people.

40、The The English English are are a funny funny people. people.9. 9.集體名 集體名詞 class, class, public, public, family, family, population, population, team, team, crew, crew, committee committee 等單復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)都有，但意 都有，但意義不同。 不同。The T

41、he class class is is big.---- big.---- The The class class are are taking taking notes notes in in English. English.The The population population in in China China is is larger.---- larger.---- 80% 80% of of the the popu

42、lation population in in China China are are peasants. peasants.10. 10. hair hair， fruit fruit 通常作 通常作單數(shù)，表示 ，表示總體。 體。His His hair hair is is grey. grey. a rich rich harvest harvest of of fruit fruit如果表示若干根 如果表示若干根頭發(fā)

43、頭發(fā)，表示 ，表示種類的水果 的水果時(shí)，可以加 ，可以加復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。 尾。He He had had a few few white white hairs. hairs. What What fruits fruits are are on on sale sale in in this this season season ?11. 11.以 s 結(jié)尾的 尾的學(xué)科名 科名詞只作 只作單數(shù)。mathematics math

44、ematics , physics, physics, politics, politics, 等。 等。 （news news）12.glasses 12.glasses， trousers trousers， scissors scissors， shoes shoes， spectacles spectacles，等常用 ，等常用復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)；但如果 ；但如果這些詞前用 前用 a pair pair of of …// //

45、this this pair pair of of…//that //that pair pair of of…等修 …等修飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 pair pair 來(lái)決 來(lái)決定。 定。Where Where are are my my glasses glasses ？My My new new pair pair of of trousers trousers is is too too long. long.Here He

46、re are are some some new new pairs pairs of of shoes. shoes.13. 13.不可 不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果表示“一 形式，如果表示“一個(gè)”的 ”的概念，可用 念，可用單位詞。a piece piece of of news news / information information / advice advice / bread bread / cake cake /

47、 paper paper / meat meat / coal coal…a bottle bottle of of ink, ink, a grain grain of of rice rice , a cake cake of of soap soap…說(shuō)明：可 明：可數(shù)名詞和不可 和不可數(shù)名詞之間并沒(méi) 并沒(méi)有截然的界限；可 有截然的界限；可數(shù)名詞可以 可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椴豢?不可數(shù)名詞，同 ，同樣不可 不可數(shù)名詞也可以 也可以

48、轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，要看 ，要看清整個(gè)上下文的具體 上下文的具體內(nèi)容。 容。三. 名詞的所有格。 的所有格。Ⅰ.有生命的名 有生命的名詞所有格的 所有格的構(gòu)成： 成：A. A.一般在 一般在詞尾’ 尾’s. s. the the teacher teacher’s office, office, Xiao Xiao Li Li’s sister sister’s husband husband’s mother. mother.B.