眾賞文庫
全部分類
  • 抗擊疫情 >
    抗擊疫情
    病毒認(rèn)知 防護(hù)手冊(cè) 復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn) 應(yīng)急預(yù)案 防控方案 英雄事跡 院務(wù)工作
  • 成品畢設(shè) >
    成品畢設(shè)
    外文翻譯 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 畢業(yè)論文 開題報(bào)告 文獻(xiàn)綜述 任務(wù)書 課程設(shè)計(jì) 相關(guān)資料 大學(xué)生活 期刊論文 實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告
  • 項(xiàng)目策劃 >
    項(xiàng)目策劃
    土地準(zhǔn)備 規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì) 開工開盤 項(xiàng)目綜合 竣工移交 售后移交 智慧方案 安全專項(xiàng) 環(huán)境影響評(píng)估報(bào)告 可行性研究報(bào)告 項(xiàng)目建議書 商業(yè)計(jì)劃書 危害評(píng)估防治 招投標(biāo)文件
  • 專業(yè)資料 >
    專業(yè)資料
    人文法律 環(huán)境安全 食品科學(xué) 基礎(chǔ)建設(shè) 能源化工 農(nóng)林牧畜 綜合待分類 教育經(jīng)驗(yàn) 行政人力 企業(yè)管理 醫(yī)學(xué)衛(wèi)生 IT技術(shù) 土木建筑 考研專題 財(cái)會(huì)稅務(wù) 公路隧道 紡織服裝
  • 共享辦公 >
    共享辦公
    總結(jié)匯報(bào) 調(diào)研報(bào)告 工作計(jì)劃 述職報(bào)告 講話發(fā)言 心得體會(huì) 思想?yún)R報(bào) 事務(wù)文書 合同協(xié)議 活動(dòng)策劃 代理加盟 技術(shù)服務(wù) 求職簡歷 辦公軟件 ppt模板 表格模板 融資協(xié)議 發(fā)言演講 黨團(tuán)工作 民主生活
  • 學(xué)術(shù)文檔 >
    學(xué)術(shù)文檔
    自然科學(xué) 生物科學(xué) 天文科學(xué) 醫(yī)學(xué)衛(wèi)生 工業(yè)技術(shù) 航空、航天 環(huán)境科學(xué)、安全科學(xué) 軍事 政學(xué) 文化、科學(xué)、教育、 交通運(yùn)輸 經(jīng)濟(jì) 語言、文字 文學(xué) 農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) 社會(huì)科學(xué)總論 藝術(shù) 歷史、地理 哲學(xué) 數(shù)理科學(xué)和化學(xué) 綜合性圖書 哲學(xué)宗教
  • 經(jīng)營營銷 >
    經(jīng)營營銷
    綜合文檔 經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)稅 人力資源 運(yùn)營管理 企業(yè)管理 內(nèi)控風(fēng)控 地產(chǎn)策劃
  • 教學(xué)課件 >
    教學(xué)課件
    幼兒教育 小學(xué)教育 初中教育 高中教育 職業(yè)教育 成人教育 高等教育 考研資源 試題真題 作業(yè)習(xí)題 課后答案 綜合教學(xué)
  • 土木建筑 >
    土木建筑
    專項(xiàng)施工 應(yīng)急預(yù)案 建筑規(guī)范 工藝方案 技術(shù)交底 施工表格 圖片圖集
  • 課程導(dǎo)學(xué) >
    課程導(dǎo)學(xué)
    醫(yī)學(xué)綜合 中醫(yī)養(yǎng)生 醫(yī)學(xué)研究 身心發(fā)展 醫(yī)學(xué)試題 影像醫(yī)學(xué) 醫(yī)院辦公 外科醫(yī)學(xué) 老年醫(yī)學(xué) 內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué) 婦產(chǎn)科 神經(jīng)科 醫(yī)學(xué)課件 眼鼻喉科 皮膚病科 腫瘤科 兒科醫(yī)學(xué) 康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué) 全科醫(yī)學(xué) 護(hù)理學(xué)科 針灸學(xué)科 重癥學(xué)科 病毒學(xué)科 獸醫(yī) 藥學(xué)
  • 資源分類:
    全部 抗擊疫情 成品畢設(shè) 項(xiàng)目策劃 專業(yè)資料 共享辦公 學(xué)術(shù)文檔 經(jīng)營營銷 教學(xué)課件 土木建筑 課程導(dǎo)學(xué)
    二級(jí)分類:
    全部 自然科學(xué) 生物科學(xué) 天文科學(xué) 醫(yī)學(xué)衛(wèi)生 工業(yè)技術(shù) 航空、航天 環(huán)境科學(xué)、安全科學(xué) 軍事 政學(xué) 文化、科學(xué)、教育、體育 交通運(yùn)輸 經(jīng)濟(jì) 語言、文字 文學(xué) 農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) 社會(huì)科學(xué)總論 藝術(shù) 歷史、地理 哲學(xué) 數(shù)理科學(xué)和化學(xué) 綜合性圖書 哲學(xué)宗教
    三級(jí)分類:
    全部 歷史、地理 環(huán)境科學(xué)、安全科學(xué) 生物科學(xué) 農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) 數(shù)理科學(xué)和化學(xué) 經(jīng)濟(jì) 交通運(yùn)輸 醫(yī)學(xué)、衛(wèi)生 文化、科學(xué)、教育、體育 綜合性圖書 語言、文字 哲學(xué) 藝術(shù) 自然科學(xué)總論 航空、航天 工業(yè)技術(shù) 社會(huì)科學(xué)總論 哲學(xué)、宗教 政學(xué) 文學(xué) 軍事 天文學(xué)、地球科學(xué)
    四級(jí)分類:
    全部 交通運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì) 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃與管理 財(cái)政、金融 工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì) 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 世界各國經(jīng)濟(jì)概況、經(jīng)濟(jì)史、經(jīng)濟(jì)地理 貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)
    上傳類型:
    全部 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)共享 作者原創(chuàng) 獨(dú)家資料
    資源格式:
    不限 doc ppt pdf 圖片 flash 視頻 音頻 壓縮包
    上架時(shí)間:
    不限 三天內(nèi) 一周內(nèi) 一個(gè)月內(nèi) 一年內(nèi)
    特色搜索:
    不限 文件包巨大 瀏覽量超巨 購買量排行 子文件超多好評(píng)如潮
    • 簡介:THISARTICLEWASDOWNLOADEDBYCOMPUTINGGIANNONEETAL,2010ANDSTRUCTURALMODELSSTRUCTURALVAR,EGCHRYSTALANDMIZEN,2005ORTHEFINANCIALBLOCKOFANATIONALMACROECONOMETRICMODEL,SEEEGFASEETAL,1992JEANFILS,2000,PRESENTINGCENTRALBANKMODELSFORBELGIUMANDTHENETHERLANDS,RESPECTIVELYALTERNATIVELY,APPROACHESBASEDONMICRODATAENTAILTHEESTIMATIONOFSINGLEEQUATIONSTHATUSEINFORMATIONFROMBANKLENDINGSURVEYSSEEEGDEBONDTETAL,2010HEMPELLANDSORENSEN,2010,BOTHOFWHICHUSEPANELDATA,SURVEYDATAFROMSAMPLESOFINDIVIDUALHOUSEHOLDSFERNANDEZCORUGEDOANDMUELLBAUER,2006ORPUBLISHEDDATAFROMAPANELOFINDIVIDUALBANKSKASHYAPANDSTEIN,2000FINALLY,MICROFOUNDEDDYNAMICSTOCHASTICGENERALEQUILIBRIUMDSGEMODELSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDEGDARRACQPARIESETAL,2010RUBASZEKANDSERWA,2012THATMODELTHEBANKINGSECTORWITHCREDITFRICTIONSMOSTOFTHEEMPIRICALWORKENCOUNTEREDINTHELITERATUREINVESTIGATESTHEDETERMINANTSOFCREDITTOTHEPRIVATESECTORASAWHOLEFURTHERMORE,DUETOTHEDIFFERENCESINBEHAVIOURANDINFINANCINGCONSTRAINTSAMONGTHEDIFFERENTSECTORS,ONESTRANDOFTHECREDITLITERATUREFOCUSESONEXPLAININGLOANSTOBUSINESSESEGSORENSENETAL,2009SEPARATELYFROMLOANSTOHOUSEHOLDSEGFITZERANDREISS,2008RUBASZEKANDSERWA,2012THEDEVELOPMENTOFCREDITTOTHEPRIVATESECTORISEXPLAINEDBOTHBYDEMANDANDSUPPLYRELATEDVARIABLESONTHEDEMANDSIDE,LOANDECISIONSBYFIRMSANDHOUSEHOLDSAREBASEDONTHEIROWNBALANCESHEETCONDITIONANDAVAILABLESOURCESOFEXTERNALFUNDSTHEKEYFACTORSINALLDEMANDSPECIFICATIONSINCLUDETHECOSTOFCREDITLOANINTERESTRATEANDAMEASUREOFTHELEVELOFTRANSACTIONSOFHOUSEHOLDSAND/ORBUSINESSES,CAPTUREDBYANECONOMICACTIVITYVARIABLE,NORMALLYREALGDPONTHESUPPLYSIDE,THEABILITYANDWILLINGNESSOFBANKSTOEXTENDLOANSISRELATEDTOFACTORSTHATINFLUENCETHEIROWNFUNDINGCONDITIONSRELEVANTVARIABLESINCLUDEBANKEQUITY,TOTALASSETS,DEPOSITSANDTHECOSTOFEXTERNALFINANCING,THEIRCAPITALPOSITION,THECOSTOFALTERNATIVEBANKPORTFOLIOCHOICESEGTHESPREADBETWEENTHELOANRATEANDTHETBILLRATE,COMPETITIONFROMOTHERBANKSANDTHEIRPERCEPTIONSOFRISKMACROECONOMICVARIABLES,NONPERFORMINGLOANSINTHEEMPIRICALLITERATURE,LOANSTOTHEPRIVATESECTORARECONVENTIONALLYMODELLEDASADEMANDFUNCTIONEGHOFMANN,2001CALZAETAL,2003THESIMULTANEOUSESTIMATIONOFASEPARATESUPPLYCURVEFORLOANSISNOTDEEMEDNECESSARYINMOSTSTUDIESWHENDEMANDEFFECTSARELIKELY,ORSIMPLYASSUMED,TODOMINATESUPPLYEFFECTSMOREIMPORTANTLY,THEIDENTIFICATIONOFASEPARATEDEMANDANDSUPPLYCURVEISNOTALWAYSFEASIBLE,DEPENDINGONDATAAVAILABILITY,THECHOICEOFVARIABLESANDTHETHEORETICALMODELKAKES2000,HULSEWIGETAL2004ANDSORENSENETAL2009AREALLSTUDIESWHICHIMPOSETHEORETICALRESTRICTIONSONAVECMINORDERTOIDENTIFYALOANDEMANDANDALOANSUPPLYFUNCTIONFORTHENETHERLANDS,GERMANYANDTHEEUROAREA,RESPECTIVELYTHEDETERMINATIONOFSEPARATELOANSUPPLYAND/ORLOANDEMANDCURVESSUPPORTSTHEEXISTENCEOFABANKLENDINGCHANNEL,NOTABLYASSTATEDINTHEBERNANKE–BLINDERMODEL1998THEBERNANKE–BLINDERFRAMEWORKSUGGESTSTHATTHECHANNELOPERATESWELLINECONOMIESINWHICHMARKETFRICTIONSEXISTEGEMERGINGMARKETS,140SNBRISSIMISETALDOWNLOADEDBYCOMPUTINGLIBRARYSERVICES,UNIVERSITYOFHUDDERSFIELDAT200906OCTOBER2014
      下載積分: 10 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-13
      頁數(shù): 15
      16人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 簡介:2900英文單詞,英文單詞,16萬英文字符,中文萬英文字符,中文4900字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處KUMARKSV,RAMADEVIVSOCIALMEDIAINFINANCIALSERVICESATHEORETOCALPERSPECTIVEJPROCEDIAECONOMICSFINANCIALINSTITUTIONFINANCIALSERVICES1INTRODUCTIONSOCIALMEDIAUSAGEHADDEFINITELYINCREASEDOVERAPERIODOFTIMESOCIALMEDIAISTHEUNDISPUTEDKINGOFTHEINTERNETESPECIALLYININDIATHEFINANCIALSERVICESINDUSTRYHASTRAILEDBEHINDOTHERSECTORSINSOCIALMEDIA,BUTIN2013THEINDUSTRYISPOISEDTOMAKEALEAPFORWARDARECENTREPORTBYKPMGONTHEIMPACTOFSOCIALMEDIAONFINANCIALSERVICES,REVEALSTHATBANKSLIKEOTHERINDUSTRIESHAVEANIMMENSEUNTAPPEDOPPORTUNITYTOMONITORSOCIALNETWORKS,ANALYZETRENDS,ANDENGAGEWITHCUSTOMERSTOCREATERELATIONSHIPSSOCIALMEDIAISAGREATWAYFORCUSTOMERSTOLEARNMOREABOUTFINANCIALINSTITUTIONSANDDEEPENRELATIONSHIPSSOCIALMEDIAHASEMERGEDASTHEPLATFORMTHATWILLDECIDEMANYOFTHEWINNERSOFTOMORROW’SCONNECTEDENTERPRISEINTHEAREAOFFINANCIALSERVICES,INITIALINITIATIVESSAWBANKSSEEKINGTOUNDERSTANDCUSTOMEROPINIONSABOUTBANKPRODUCTSANDSERVICEEXPERIENCESLATERITEVOLVEDTOAMOREPROACTIVEROLEOFRESPONDINGTOCUSTOMERFEEDBACKQUICKLYTODAY,FINANCIALINSTITUTIONSAROUNDTHEWORLDAREWORKINGOVERTIMETODEVELOPTHECONNECTEDCUSTOMERANEXTENSIVEKNOWLEDGEOFTHEDISCUSSIONTOPICTHENTHEREARE“MINGLERS”,REFERRINGTOTHOSETHATDONOTPARTICIPATEREGULARLY,“DEVOTEES”AREENTHUSIASTICMEMBERS,WHILETHE“INSIDER”POSSESSESEXPERTKNOWLEDGEBOTH“DEVOTEES”AND“INSIDERS”EXHIBITSTRONGSOCIALANDEMOTIONALTIESTOTHENETWORKQUINTONANDHARRIDGEMARCH,2010ACCORDINGTOKOZINET2010,FARMOREPEOPLEAREWILLINGTOJOINACOMMUNITYTHANCONTRIBUTETOITABOUT1/10OF1PERCENTWILLWRITEONTHEWALL,ANDTINYFRACTIONSOFTHISWILLPOSTPHOTOSORVIDEOS,ORREPLYTODISCUSSIONTOPICSKOZINETCALLSSUCHCOMMUNITIES“SEMIQUASINOTQUITECOMMUNITIES”KOZINET,2010WORDOFMOUTHBEINGANIMPORTANTTOOLOFCOMMUNICATION,SOCIALMEDIACANACCESSANDBENEFITFROMITELECTRONICALLYWORDOFMOUTHOCCURSWHENPEOPLEDISCUSSPRODUCTS,BRANDSANDSERVICESAMONGEACHOTHERONTHEINTERNETSOMECONSUMERSMIGHTHAVETRIEDAPRODUCTBEFORE,ANDCANTHUSRECOMMENDIT,ORNOTRECOMMENDITTOOTHERCONSUMERSPOSITIVEWORDOFMOUTHCANBEVIEWEDASACUSTOMER’SWILLINGNESSTORECOMMENDAPRODUCTTOOTHERSGRUEN,OSMENBEKOVANDCZAPLEWSKI,2006WOMOFTHISNATUREISMOTIVATEDBYTHEDESIRETOSPREADKNOWLEDGE,HELPOTHERS,OREVENWARNTHEMAGAINSTPOORSERVICEANDPRODUCTSKOZINETS,DEVALCK,WOJNICKIANDWILNER,2010WORDOFMOUTHISVIEWEDASASOCIALFORCETHATHASAHUGEIMPACTONCONSUMER’SPURCHASEDECISIONSSOMESCHOLARSHAVEEVENARGUEDTHATWOMISMOREINFLUENTIALTHANTRADITIONALMARKETINGTOOLSKOZINETS,DEVALCK,WOJNICKIANDWILNER,2010RESEARCHALSOSHOWSTHATMARKETERSSHOULDNOTPANICBYNEGATIVEWORDOFMOUTHALITTLENEGATIVEWOMTOGETHERWITHPOSITIVEADDSCREDIBILITYOTHERRESEARCHERSARGUETHATITISTHEVOLUMEOFWOM,ANDNOTTHEIRNEGATIVEANDPOSITIVEVALENCETHATMATTERSKOZINETS,DEVALCK,WOJNICKIANDWILNER,2010AGRESTAANDBONINBOUGH2011SUGGESTTHATIFINAPPROPRIATECOMMENTSFROMACUSTOMEROCCURINABUSINESSSPONSOREDCOMMUNITY,THEADVICEISTONOTRESPOND,ORRESPONDOFFLINETHEREASONFORNOTRESPONDINGISTHATABUSINESSDOESNOTWANTITSSOCIALMEDIASPACETOBECROWDEDWITHINFORMATIONOFNOVALUEIFTHECOMPLAINTORNEGATIVECOMMENTISBASEDONINACCURATEINFORMATION,THEBUSINESSSHOULDANSWERIMMEDIATELYANDTRYTOCORRECTTHEMISINFORMATIONIFSOMEONEISJUSTLOOKINGTOSTEERUPTROUBLE,ABUSINESSSHOULDNOTRESPONDTHISISBECAUSEARESPONSEMIGHTJUSTENCOURAGETHEPERSONTOANEGATIVEDISCUSSIONTHATWILLCOLORTHESOCIALMEDIAROOMASUGGESTIONFROMPRACTITIONERSISTOENCOURAGETHECUSTOMERSTOMAKECONTACTWITHTHECOMPANYTHROUGHAMOREPRIVATELINE,WHERETHEPROBLEMCANBEDEALTWITHAWAYFROMTHEPUBLICSPHEREAGRESTAANDBONINBOUGH,2011EVENIFONLINEDISCUSSIONSCANGENERATESOMEUNFAVORABLECOMMENTSFORALLTOSEE,SUCHFORUMSPROVIDEMARKETERSWITHTHEOPPORTUNITYTOFOLLOWADISCUSSIONABOUTTHEIRBRANDTHEYCANSEETHEINITIALPOST,WHOHASCOMMENTEDONWHAT,ANDINGENERALWHATRESPONSEITHASGENERATEDTHISISNOTPOSSIBLEFORWORDOFMOUTHTHATHAPPENOFFLINEQUINTONANDHARRIDGEMARCH,2010LATELY,RESEARCHERSHAVEBEENGIVINGMOREATTENTIONTOORGANIZATIONSPONSOREDCOMMUNITIESANDTHEIRPOTENTIALBERGERANDMESSERSCHMIDT,2009THESEARECOMMUNITIESTHATARESTARTEDUP,ORSPONSOREDBYCOMPANIESTHEFACTTHATCONSUMERSUSETHESECOMMUNITIESTORESEARCHNEWPRODUCTSANDFORMRELATIONSHIPSISAMAJORARGUMENTFORORGANIZATIONSTOSPONSORONLINECOMMUNITIESTHATFACILITATESWORDOFMOUTHABOUTTHEIRPRODUCTBERGERANDMESSERSCHMIDT,2009ITISALSOARGUEDTHATSINCETHERELATIONSHIPS,WHICHAREFORMEDINTHESENETWORKS,AREGROUNDEDINSOCIALBONDS,THEYAREHARDTOCOPYBYCOMPETITORSSOCIALNETWORKSCANBEPOWERFULANDCREATEACOMPETITIVEADVANTAGEQUINTONANDHARRIDGEMARCH,2010HOWEVER,ASOCIALNETWORKISNOTBUILTUPAROUNDINFORMATIONSHARINGALONE,BUTALSOAROUNDTRUST,FRIENDSHIPANDALLIANCESONESHOULDTHEREFOREBECAREFULTOINSERTTOOMUCHMARKETINGINASOCIALCOMMUNITY,AS
      下載積分: 10 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-12
      頁數(shù): 13
      15人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 簡介:6400英文單詞,英文單詞,35萬英文字符,中文萬英文字符,中文11萬字萬字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處BLOCKJH,COLOMBOMG,CUMMINGDJ,ETALNEWPLAYERSINENTREPRENEURIALFINANCEANDWHYTHEYARETHEREJSMALLBUSINESSECONOMICS,2017NEWPLAYERSINENTREPRENEURIALFINANCEANDWHYTHEYARETHEREJOERNHBLOCKSMEFINANCINGFINANCINGINSTRUMENTSNEWPLAYERSTRENDSCROWDFUNDING1INTRODUCTIONYOUNGINNOVATIVEFIRMSPLAYAKEYROLEINMODERNKNOWLEDGEBASEDECONOMIESBECAUSETHEYAREANIMPORTANTSOURCEOFNEWJOBS,RADICALINNOVATIONS,ANDPRODUCTIVITYGROWTH,ASWELLASADISCIPLININGDEVICEFORTHEBEHAVIOROFESTABLISHEDFIRMSBLOCKETAL2016UNFORTUNATELY,THESEFIRMSOFTENSUFFERFROMFINANCINGCONSTRAINTS,WHICHLIMITTHEIRGROWTHANDTHREATENTHEIRSURVIVALBROWNANDEARLE2015CARPENTERANDPETERSEN2002COSHETAL2009AWIDELITERATUREHASADDRESSEDTHETHEMEOFFINANCIALCONSTRAINTSFORYOUNGINNOVATIVEFIRMSLACKOFINTERNALCASHFLOWSANDCOLLATERALS,ASWELLASASYMMETRICINFORMATIONANDAGENCYPROBLEMS,ARETHEMAINREASONSFORTHEDIFFICULTIESINRAISINGEXTERNALFUNDINGSEEHALLANDLERNER2010FORASUMMARYOFTHELITERATURETHEENTREPRENEURIALFINANCELITERATUREADDRESSESTHESEPROBLEMSANDINVESTIGATESWAYSHOWYOUNGINNOVATIVEFIRMSCANACCESSCAPITALFORFINANCINGGROWTH,INNOVATION,ANDINTERNATIONALIZATIONTHELANDSCAPEFORENTREPRENEURIALFINANCE,HOWEVER,HASCHANGEDOVERTHELASTYEARSMANYNEWPLAYERSSUCHASCROWDFUNDING,ACCELERATORS,ANDFAMILYOFFICESHAVEENTEREDTHEARENA,ANDSEVERALNEWENTREPRENEURIALFINANCINGINSTRUMENTSSUCHASPEERTOPEERBUSINESSLENDINGANDEQUITYLIKEMEZZANINEFINANCINGHAVEBEENINTRODUCEDTHESENEWPLAYERSANDINSTRUMENTSHAVEEMERGED,AMONGOTHERS,BECAUSEOFTHEDIFFICULTIESFACEDBYENTREPRENEURSANDEARLYSTAGENEWVENTURESINRAISINGFUNDS,ESPECIALLYINTHEWAKEOFTHE2008/2009FINANCIALCRISISOTHERREASONSCOMPRISEINCREASEDTECHNOLOGICALOPPORTUNITIES,CHANGEDREQUIREMENTSINFIRMS’PRODUCTMARKETS,GLOBALIZATION,ANDREGULATORYCHANGESMOREOVER,THEDIFFICULTIESFIRMSENCOUNTERINRAISINGSEEDANDSTARTUPCAPITALPLAYANINCREASINGLYIMPORTANTROLEINTHEPOLICYAGENDAOFLOCAL,NATIONAL,ANDINTERNATIONALGOVERNMENTALINSTITUTIONS,ASISDOCUMENTEDBYTHEMEASURESINCLUDEDINTHEHORIZON2020ANDCOSMEPROJECTSFUNDEDBYTHEEUROPEANCOMMISSIONINLESSTHANADECADE,THESENEWPLAYERSANDINSTRUMENTSHAVESPREADACROSSDEVELOPEDANDEMERGINGCOUNTRIES,HELPINGMANYINNOVATIVEBUSINESSESINRAISINGCAPITALINADDITIONTOTHAT,GOVERNMENTSAROUNDTHEWORLDAREINCREASINGLYCONSIDERINGTHESENEWPLAYERSANDINSTRUMENTSASFUNDAMENTALMECHANISMSTOALLEVIATETHEFINANCINGDIFFICULTIESOFENTREPRENEURIALFIRMSDESPITETHISRAPIDGROWTH,HOWEVER,THEACADEMICLITERATUREONMOSTOFTHERECENTTRENDSINENTREPRENEURIALHEIGHTS,ESPECIALLYINLATERSTAGEFINANCINGTHISCANBESEENBYANEVERINCREASINGCLUBOFUNICORNSPRIVATECOMPANIESVALUED1BNUSTHISHASCREATEDRUMORSOFATECHBUBBLE,ASMANYOFTHESECOMPANIESAREUNPROFITABLEORDONOTHAVECREATEDASUSTAINABLEREVENUEMODELFORTHEIRBUSINESSHIGHVALUATIONSCANALSOPUTPRESSURETOFOUNDERS,ASTHEYNEEDTODELIVERONTHESEEXPECTATIONSTHEQUESTIONISWHATDRIVESTHESEHIGHVALUATIONSANDWHATARETHERISKSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEMMANYSTARTUPSESPECIALLYINTHEUSAHAVESIGNIFICANTCASHBURNRATESORAREUNPROFITABLEOFTEN,THISLEADSTHEIRFOUNDERSTOSEARCHFORNEWCAPITALVERYSHORTLYAFTERTHEIRLASTROUNDOFFINANCINGASSOMEEXITCHANNELSAREVERYDIFFICULTTOREACHEG,IPO,THECURRENTINVESTORSCANFINDTHEMSELVESINABLOCKINSITUATIONOFEITHERPROVIDINGTHEIRSTARTUPSADDITIONALCAPITALORRISKINGABANKRUPTCYOVERALL,THEEMERGENCEOFTHENEWPLAYERSANDTHEIRVARIETYOFINVESTMENTGOALSANDINVESTMENTAPPROACHESHASMADEENTREPRENEURIALFINANCINGACOMPLEXANDDIFFICULTPROCESSTABLE1PROVIDESANOVERVIEWOFTHENEWPLAYERSANDCOMPARESTHEMALONGTHEFOURDIMENSIONS1DEBTOREQUITY,2INVESTMENTGOAL,3INVESTMENTAPPROACH,AND4INVESTMENTTARGETTABLE1ANOVERVIEWANDCOMPARISONOFNEWPLAYERSINENTREPRENEURIALFINANCENEWPLAYERDEBTOREQUITYINVESTMENTGOALINVESTMENTAPPROACHACTIVEORNONFINANCIALPASSIVESUPPORTINVESTMENTTARGETACTIVEORPASSIVENONFINANCIALSUPPORTACCELERATORSANDINCUBATORSDEPENDSONTYPEOFACCELERATOR/INCUBATORFINANCIAL,STRATEGIC,POLITICALDEPENDSONTYPEOFACCELERATOR/INCUBATORACTIVEMANAGEMENTSUPPORT,TRAINING,NETWORKACCESSEARLYSTAGESTARTUPANGELNETWORKSEQUITYFINANCIALACTIVEMANAGEMENTSUPPORT,NETWORKACCESSEARLYSTAGESTARTUPCROWDDEBTBASEDDEBTFINANCIALPASSIVENONEEARLYSTAGESTARTUPORPROJECTDONATIONBASEDSOCIALPASSIVENONESOCIALVENTUREORPROJECTREWARDBASEDPRODUCTRELATEDPASSIVE,SOMETIMESACTIVESOMETIMESPRODUCTTESTINGEARLYSTAGESTARTUPORPROJECTEQUITYBASEDEQUITYFINANCIALPASSIVENONEEARLYSTAGESTARTUPORPROJECTCORPORATEVENTURECAPITALCVCEQUITYFINANCIAL,TECHNOLOGICAL,ANDSTRATEGICACTIVEMANAGEMENTSUPPORT,TECHNOLOGYSUPPORTEARLYANDLATERSTAGESTARTUPFAMILYOFFICESEQUITYFINANCIALMOSTLYPASSIVELITTLELATERSTAGESTARTUPGOVERNMENTALVENTURECAPITALGVCDEBTOREQUITYFINANCIALANDGOVERNMENTALMOSTLYPASSIVELITTLEEARLYANDLATERSTAGESTARTUPIPBASEDINVESTMENTFUNDSFINANCIALPASSIVENONEPATENTSIPBACKEDDEBTFUNDINGDEBTFINANCIALPASSIVEIPBASEDSTARTUPSANDESTABLISHEDMIDSIZEDFIRMSMINIBONDSDEBTFINANCIALPASSIVEESTABLISHEDMIDSIZEDFIRMSSOCIALVENTUREFUNDSORSOCIALVENTURECAPITALDEBTANDEQUITYFINANCIALANDSOCIALACTIVEMANAGEMENTSUPPORT,NETWORKACCESSSOCIALVENTURES
      下載積分: 10 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-12
      頁數(shù): 27
      5人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大?。?0.65(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      13人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 14 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大?。?2.4(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      14人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大?。?0.24(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      13人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大?。?0.59(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      19人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大小: 0.15(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      13人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大小: 0.83(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      17人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大小: 0.25(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      8人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大?。?0.84(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      16人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大小: 0.65(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      18人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 簡介:NEWPLAYERSINENTREPRENEURIALFINANCEANDWHYTHEYARETHEREJOERNHBLOCKCARPENTERANDPETERSEN2002COSHETAL2009AWIDELITERATUREHASADDRESSEDTHETHEMEOFFINANCIALCONSTRAINTSFORYOUNGINNOVATIVEFIRMSLACKOFINTERNALCASHFLOWSANDCOLLATERALS,ASWELLASASYMMETRICINFORMATIONANDAGENCYPROBLEMS,ARETHEMAINREASONSFORTHEDIFFICULTIESINRAISINGEXTERNALFUNDINGSEEHALLANDLERNER2010FORASUMMARYOFTHELITERATURETHEENTREPRENEURIALFINANCELITERATUREADDRESSESTHESEPROBLEMSANDINVESTIGATESWAYSHOWYOUNGINNOVATIVEFIRMSCANACCESSCAPITALFORFINANCINGGROWTH,INNOVATION,ANDINTERNATIONALIZATIONTHELANDSCAPEFORENTREPRENEURIALFINANCE,HOWEVER,HASCHANGEDOVERTHELASTYEARS1MANYNEWPLAYERSSMALLBUSECONDOI101007/S11187016982661SEEKRAEMEREISETAL2016FORANOVERVIEWOFTHEEUROPEANLANDSCAPEFORENTREPRENEURIALFINANCEJHBLOCKUNIVERSITYOFTRIER,TRIER,GERMANYEMAILBLOCKUNITRIERDEJHBLOCKERASMUSUNIVERSITYROTTERDAM,ROTTERDAM,THENETHERLANDSMGCOLOMBOPOLITECNICODIMILANO,MILAN,ITALYEMAILMASSIMOCOLOMBOPOLIMIITDJCUMMINGSCHULICHSCHOOLOFBUSINESS,YORKUNIVERSITY,TORONTO,CANADAEMAILDOUGLASCUMMINGGMAILCOMSVISMARAUNIVERSITYOFBERGAMO,BERGAMO,ITALYEMAILSILVIOVISMARAUNIBGITSVISMARAUNIVERSITYOFAUGSBURG,AUGSBURG,GERMANYFUNDS,ANDSOMETIMESEVENBACKERSOFREWARDBASEDCROWDFUNDINGCAMPAIGNSNEXTTOTHEEMERGENCEOFTHENEWPLAYERS,THEWHOLEENVIRONMENTOFENTREPRENEURIALFINANCEHASCHANGEDTHEMEDIANPREMONEYVALUATIONOFYOUNGCOMPANIESISRISINGINTONEWHISTORICALHEIGHTS,ESPECIALLYINLATERSTAGEFINANCINGTHISCANBESEENBYANEVERINCREASINGCLUBOFUNICORNSPRIVATECOMPANIESVALUED1BNUSTHISHASCREATEDRUMORSOFATECHBUBBLE,ASMANYOFTHESECOMPANIESAREUNPROFITABLEORDONOTHAVECREATEDASUSTAINABLEREVENUEMODELFORTHEIRBUSINESSHIGHVALUATIONSCANALSOPUTPRESSURETOFOUNDERS,ASTHEYNEEDTODELIVERONTHESEEXPECTATIONSTHEQUESTIONISWHATDRIVESTHESEHIGHVALUATIONSANDWHATARETHERISKSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEMMANYSTARTUPSESPECIALLYINTHEUSAHAVESIGNIFICANTCASHBURNRATESORAREUNPROFITABLEOFTEN,THISLEADSTHEIRFOUNDERSTOSEARCHFORNEWCAPITALVERYSHORTLYAFTERTHEIRLASTROUNDOFFINANCINGASSOMEEXITCHANNELSAREVERYDIFFICULTTOREACHEG,IPO,THECURRENTINVESTORSCANFINDTHEMSELVESINABLOCKINSITUATIONOFEITHERPROVIDINGTHEIRSTARTUPSADDITIONALCAPITALORRISKINGABANKRUPTCYOVERALL,THEEMERGENCEOFTHENEWPLAYERSANDTHEIRVARIETYOFINVESTMENTGOALSANDINVESTMENTAPPROACHESHASMADEENTREPRENEURIALFINANCINGACOMPLEXANDDIFFICULTPROCESSTABLE1PROVIDESANOVERVIEWOFTHENEWPLAYERSANDCOMPARESTHEMALONGTHEFOURDIMENSIONS1DEBTOREQUITY,2INVESTMENTGOAL,3INVESTMENTAPPROACH,AND4INVESTMENTTARGETACCELERATORSANDINCUBATORSAREORGANIZATIONSTHATAIMTOHELPSTARTUPSWITHMENTORSHIP,ADVICE,NETWORKACCESS,ANDSHAREDRESOURCESTOGROWANDBECOMESUCCESSFULHALLENETAL2016SOMETIMESTHEYALSOOFFERPHYSICALSPACEANDFINANCIALRESOURCES,WHICHOFTENCOMESINTHEFORMOFEQUITYTHEREEXISTDIFFERENTTYPESOFACCELERATORSANDINCUBATORS,DEPENDINGONTHESERVICESOFFERED,THEINDUSTRYFOCUS,ANDTHEOWNER,WHICHCOULDBEAPRIVATECOMPANYORAGOVERNMENTALINSTITUTIONANGELNETWORKSARENETWORKSOFBASWHOINVESTTOGETHERINEARLYSTAGEHIGHGROWTHVENTURESSEEEG,CROCEETAL2016FORARECENTREVIEWTHEYPROVIDEEQUITYANDOFFERMANAGEMENTSUPPORTANDNETWORKACCESSASAGROUP,THEYCANPROVIDEHIGHERAMOUNTSOFFINANCINGTHANINDIVIDUALBAINVESTORSCROWDFUNDINGISANUMBRELLATERMUSEDTODESCRIBEDIVERSEFORMSOFFUNDRAISING,TYPICALLYVIATHEINTERNET,WHEREBYGROUPSOFPEOPLEPOOLMONEYTOSUPPORTAPARTICULARGOALAHLERSETAL2015MORITZANDBLOCK2014THEREAREFOURMAINTYPESOFCROWDFUNDING,NAMELYREWARDBASED,DONATIONBASED,LENDINGBASED,ANDINVESTMENTBASEDEQUITYCROWDFUNDINGFIRST,INREWARDBASEDCROWDFUNDINGPROJECT,PROPONENTSLOOKFORFINANCEFROMACROWDOFBACKERSTHEMOSTTYPICALREWARDTOBACKERSISTHEDELIVERYOFASOMETIMECUSTOMIZEDPRODUCTORSERVICE,WHICHMAKESTHISTYPEOFCROWDFUNDINGSOMEHOWSIMILARTOFINANCIALBOOTSTRAPPINGIE,CROWDFUNDERSAREFINANCEDBYADVANCEPAYMENTSTHATMOSTBACKERSGIVEINEXCHANGEFORTHESUBSEQUENTDELIVERYOFAPRODUCTORSERVICEBACKERSMAYALSOBEOFFEREDBEGOBOOSTINGREWARDS,SUCHASANAMEPLAQUE,ORBCOMMUNITYBELONGINGREWARDS,SUCHASTHEINVITATIONSINSOCIALEVENTSEG,THELAUNCHPARTYOFTHEPROJECTORTHEOFFERINGOFSYMBOLICOBJECTSTHATDISPLAYSUPPORTFORAPROJECTPROJECTPROPONENTSAREEITHERINDIVIDUALSORCOMPANIESTHEAVERAGEAMOUNTOFFINANCEINASUCCESSFULCAMPAIGNISRATHERLIMITEDINKICKSTARTERORINDIEGOGO,THEMOSTSUCCESSFULREWARDBASEDCROWDFUNDINGPLATFORMS,AROUND30TO40,000US,ANDONAVERAGE,ONEPROJECTOUTOFTHREEISSUCCESSFULPREVIOUSSTUDIESCLEARLYSHOWTHATTHEABILITYOFPROJECTPROPONENTSTOMOBILIZETHEIRSOCIALCAPITAL,WITHINCOLOMBOETAL2015ANDOUTSIDEMOLLICK,2013THECROWDFUNDINGPLATFORM,PLAYSAKEYROLEFORTHESUCCESSOFACAMPAIGNSECOND,PROPONENTSINDONATIONBASEDCROWDFUNDINGAREINDIVIDUALSORNONGOVERNMENTALORGANIZATIONSRAISINGMONEYFORACAUSETHEYTYPICALLYAIMTORAISEASMUCHASPOSSIBLEANDTHESIZEOFTHECAMPAIGNVARIESFROMFEWHUNDREDEUROSTOMILLIONSMOTIVATIONTODONATEINCLUDESCHARITABLEGIVINGANDSOCIALIMAGETHIRD,LENDINGBASEDCROWDFUNDINGISBYFARTHETYPEOFCROWDFUNDINGWITHTHELARGESTTOTALRAISEDAMOUNT2ITTAKESAVARIETYOFDIFFERENTFORMS,RANGINGFROMPEERTOPEERLENDINGSEEEGLINETAL2013TOINVOICECROWDFUNDINGMOTIVATIONSFORTHECROWDTOINVESTAREMAINLYFINANCIALASLENDERSRECEIVEFIXEDINTERESTRATESFORTHEIRLOANSLASTLY,CENTRALTOENTREPRENEURIALFINANCEISTHEFOURTHTYPEOF2FOREXAMPLE,IN2015,32BILLIONEUROOFDEBTWASRAISEDFROMTHECROWDBYMORETHAN200,000PROJECTSINTHEEUROPEANUNIONSEEEUROPEANCOMMISSION2016NEWPLAYERSINENTREPRENEURIALFINANCE
      下載積分: 10 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-14
      頁數(shù): 12
      20人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 下載積分: 13 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-01-07
      大?。?0.15(MB)
      子文件數(shù):
      25人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    • 簡介:4200英文單詞,英文單詞,24萬英文字符,中文萬英文字符,中文6750字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處ARAYESHMBINVESTIGATINGTHEFINANCIALANDLEGALSECURITYINFRASTRUCTUREAFFECTINGTHEELECTRONICMARKETINGOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSINILAMPROVINCEJPROCEDIASOCIALANDBEHAVIORALSCIENCES,2015,205542549INVESTIGATINGTHEFINANCIALANDLEGALSECURITYINFRASTRUCTUREAFFECTINGTHEELECTRONICMARKETINGOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSINILAMPROVINCEMOHAMMADBAGHERARAYESHABSTRACTTHISSTUDYHASBEENCARRIEDOUTTOINVESTIGATEFINANCIALANDLEGALSECURITYINFRASTRUCTURESAFFECTINGTHEELECTRONICMARKETINGOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSFROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFJIHADAGRICULTURALORGANIZATIONEXPERTSOFILAMPROVINCETHROUGHASURVEYDESCRIPTIVEFRAMEWORKTHECURRENTRESEARCHISCONSIDEREDANAPPLIEDONEREGARDINGTHEOBJECTIVESANDAFIELDRESEARCHREGARDINGTHEDATAGATHERINGMETHODALSOITISANEMPIRICALSTUDYDUETOTHEFACTTHATTHEINDEPENDENTVARIABLESARENOTCOMPLETELYPOSSIBLEREGARDINGTHEMETHODOLOGYOFTHESTUDYITISCONSIDEREDACAUSALONETHESTATISTICALPOPULATIONOFTHECURRENTSTUDYINCLUDESALLTHEEXPERTSWORKINGATTHEJIHADORGANIZATIONFORAGRICULTUREINILAMPROVINCEWHICHADDUPTO463THESAMPLESIZEWAS210PARTICIPANTS,WHICHWASCALCULATEDBYTHECOCHRAN’SFORMULAANDTHESTRATIFIEDRANDOMSAMPLINGMETHODTHESAMPLEWASASKEDTOFILLOUTAQUESTIONNAIREASAMEANSOFGATHERINGTHEREQUIREDDATAINORDERTOCONFIRMTHESTABILITYOFTHEQUESTIONNAIRETHECRONBACH’SALPHACOEFFICIENTWASUSEDWHICHWASCALCULATEDTOBE0884,ANACCEPTABLERANGETHEVALIDITYOFTHEQUESTIONNAIREWASCONFIRMEDBYTHEEXPERTSRELATEDTOTHEFIELDTHEDATAANALYSISWASCARRIEDOUTUSINGSPSSSOFTWAREAPPLICATIONVERSION19THERESULTSOFTHESTUDYSHOWEDTHATTHERESEEMSTOBEASIGNIFICANTRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEFINANCIALANDLEGALSECURITYVARIABLESWITHTHEVARIABLEOFELECTRONICMARKETINGOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSINILAMPROVINCESOTHATTHETHREEINDEPENDENTVARIABLESWEREABLETOEXPLAIN48PERCENTOFTHEVARIANCERELATEDTOTHEELECTRONICMARKETINGOFTHEAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSINILAMPROVINCEKEYWORDSELECTRONICMARKETING,AGRICULTURE,FINANCIALINFRASTRUCTURE,LEGALSECURITYINFRASTRUCTURE1INTRODUCTIONONEOFTHEISSUESRELATEDTOTHEMANUFACTURINGCYCLEOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSISMARKETINGANDACCESSINGTHECUSTOMERS,WHICHISDUETOTHEDISPERSIONOFRURALDISTRICTSANDTHEPRODUCTIONSITESOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTIONANDTHEIRDISTANCEFROMMARKETSHENCEFORTHERURALRESIDENTSANDFARMERS,WHICHARECONSIDEREDSMALLPRODUCERS,GOINGDIRECTLYTOTHECITYMARKETSANDTRANSPORTINGTHEPRODUCTSDIRECTLYISNOTCOSTEFFECTIVERESULTINGINTHENECESSITYTOPAYTHEMIDDLEMENGHOLAMREZAEEETAL,2008ALSOTHEYHAVETOSELLTHEIRPRODUCTSFORAVERYCHEAPPRICEDUETHEIRLOWINCOMEANDHIGHMONETARYNEEDSTHISISWHILEINTODAY’SAGEITISVERYMUCHEASYWITHTHEECOMMERCEEMERGINGEVERYWHERETOGATHERINFORMATIONREGARDINGTHELASTPRICESINTHEMARKET,THECUSTOMERS,ANDTHEMAJORSHOPPINGCENTERSANDWITHTHISPLETHORAOFINFORMATIONONECANDEFINITELYMAKEACORRECTDECISIONRASEKHI,2003ONTHEOTHERHANDWEAREWITNESSINGTHEEMERGINGSECTOROFTECHNOLOGYCONSCIOUSCUSTOMERSWHOPREFERTHEINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYBASEDDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMSTOTHETRADITIONALWAYSOFACQUIRINGTHESESERVICESSATISFYINGTHENEEDSOFTHISPARTICULARGROUPOFCUSTOMERSITISNOTTHATEASYUSINGTHETRADITIONALSTRUCTURESOFMARKETINGSYSTEMSANDHENCEITISNECESSARYTOESTABLISHAPROPERCONTEXTANDACQUIRETHENEEDEDTECHNOLOGIESWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFELECTRONICTOOLSANDEMARKETING,MANUFACTURINGENTERPRISESESPECIALLYCOMMERCIALMARKETINGCOMESINDIFFERENTTYPESINCLUDINGEXCHANGEMARKETING,DATABASEMARKETING,INTERACTIVEMARKETINGANDTHENETWORKMARKETINGWITHTHEDAWNOFINTERNETANDECOMMERCE,THEFIFTHKINDOFMARKETING,EMARKETING,WASINTRODUCEDEMARKETINGISDEFINEDASTHEPROCESSOFUSINGINTERNETANDOTHERCOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGIESASAMEANSOFCONNECTINGTHESELLERANDTHECUSTOMERSBRODIETAL,2007AGRICULTURALEMARKETINGWILLGREATLYHELPTHEOMISSIONOFMIDDLEMEN,DECREASINGTHECOSTSANDFINDINGTHECUSTOMERSTHEMAJORITYOFTHEFARMERSOWNSMALLFARMSANDTHEYHAVEATIGHTBUDGETHENCETHEMOSTIMPORTANTISSUEHEREISHOWTODESIGNINSYSTEMWHICHHELPSTHEFARMERSTOELECTRONICALLYSELLTHEIRPRODUCEDCROPSWOUN,2007USINGTHEINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYINDIFFERENTECONOMICSECTORSINCLUDINGTHEAGRICULTURALSECTORISGAININGMUCHMOREDRIVINGFORCEINMANYDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESFORINSTANCEINSOUTHKOREA56PERCENT,INSINGAPORE50PERCENT,INCUBA45PERCENTANDINEGYPT20PERCENTOFTHEFARMERSUSETHEINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYTOOLSSUCHASINTERNETINTHEIRCAREERUNCTAD,2010BUTUNFORTUNATELYTHEECONOMYOFIRANBEARSADEEPDIGITALGAPWITHTHEAVERAGEWORLDECONOMYIN2010IRAN’SRANKINDIGITALECONOMYWAS69ANDINTHERANKRELATEDTOELECTRONICGOVERNMENTITLANDEDONTHE102STAGEOFTHEWORLDEIU,2010DIGITALECONOMYISASETOFSIXMEASURESINCLUDINGTHECOMMUNICATIONINDEX,THECOMMERCEINDEX,SOCIOCULTURALINDEX,LEGALINDEX,GOVERNMENTPOLICYINDEXANDUSERSENTERPRISESINDEXELECTRONICGOVERNMENTISASETOFTHREEINDICESINCLUDINGCOMMUNICATIONINDEXLANDLINE,MOBILE,INTERNETACCESSANDBANDWIDTH,ONLINESERVICESINDEXANDHUMANRESOURCESINDEXALAVIOUN,2012HENCEREGARDINGTHEFACTTHATINMODERNDAYSTHEREARESIGNIFICANTDEVELOPMENTSINTHEINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYFIELD,MANYSERVICEENTERPRISESPROVIDETHEIRGOODSTHROUGHINTERNET,ONTHEOTHERHANDWITHTHEWIDESPREADGLOBALTRADE,IRANHAVETOEMBRACETHEELECTRONICSERVICESINORDERTOSTAYUPTODATEWITHTHEGLOBALPLAYERSBECAUSETHEGLOBALCONDITIONSDICTATETHATSERVICEANDGOODSDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMSSHOULDBEBASEDONINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYANDASMENTIONEDBEFOREINTODAY’SWORLDTHECUSTOMERPREFERACQUIRINGDIFFERENTSERVICESUSINGELECTRONICMEANSANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFEMARKETINGHASBEENINFLUENCINGTHECOMMERCIALAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSASWELLSOINTHISSTUDY,WITHASPECIALATTENTIONTOTHEIMPORTANCEOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSMARKETING,USINGTHISTECHNOLOGYINMARKETINGISDEALTWITHFROMTHREEPOINTSOFVIEWNAMELYTECHNICAL,MANAGERIALANDCOMMUNICATIVEASPECTSOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSINILAMPROVINCEHOWEVERSINCEAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSMARKETINGINCLUDESALLTHEOPERATIONSANDSERVICESWHICHACCOMPANYTHEPRODUCTSFROMTHEFARMSTOTHECONSUMINGCENTERS,STUDYINGMARKETINGNEEDSACERTAINFRAMEWORKONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONISTHEPRACTICALAPPROACHWHICHCATEGORIZESMARKETINGACTIVITIESINTOEXCHANGEACTIVITIES,PHYSICALACTIVITIESANDFACILITATIVEACTIVITIESEXCHANGEACTIVITIESINCLUDEBUYINGANDSELLING,PHYSICALACTIVITIESINCLUDEINVENTORY,CONVERSIONANDTRANSPORTATIONANDFINALLYFACILITATIVEACTIVITIESINCLUDEGRADING,STANDARDIZATIONANDPACKAGINGABYARANDZAAD,2007HENCEWEDECIDEDTOSTUDYDIFFERENTASPECTSOFTHISISSUEREGARDINGTHEIMPORTANCEANDPOSITIONOFTHEAGRICULTURALSECTORINTHENATIONALANDPROVINCIALDEVELOPMENTASWELLASISSUESRELATEDTOAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSMARKETINGWEHOPETHATTHERESULTSOFTHECURRENTSTUDYCANPROVIDEGUIDELINESFORDESIGNERS,PLANNERSANDPOLICYMAKERSFORIMPROVINGTHEAGRICULTURALCONDITIONSOFTHEREGIONANDALSOREALIZINGTHEOBJECTIVESOFRURALDEVELOPMENTHENCETHEMAINQUESTIONOFTHECURRENTSTUDYISTHATHOWMUCHCANTHEFINANCIALANDLEGALSECURITYINFRASTRUCTURESBEEFFECTIVEINTHEEMARKETINGOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTS2LITERATUREREVIEWANDHYPOTHESES21LITERATUREREVIEW
      下載積分: 10 賞幣
      上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-16
      頁數(shù): 19
      16人已閱讀
      ( 4 星級(jí))
    關(guān)于我們 - 網(wǎng)站聲明 - 網(wǎng)站地圖 - 資源地圖 - 友情鏈接 - 網(wǎng)站客服客服 - 聯(lián)系我們

    機(jī)械圖紙?jiān)创a,實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告等文檔下載

    備案號(hào):浙ICP備20018660號(hào)