簡介：1沈陽理工大學學士學位論文附錄A34

簡介：中文中文40354035字畢業(yè)設計論文外文資料翻譯學院學院系化工學院專業(yè)業(yè)化學工程與工藝姓名名學號號外文出處外文出處JOURNALOFSOLGELSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導教師評語該同學翻譯忠于原文，語句比較連貫，意思基本表達清楚，是一篇合格的外文文獻譯文。簽名2013年3月15日用外文寫附件附件1外文資料翻譯譯文外文資料翻譯譯文抗反射聚乙烯醇縮丁醛/二氧化硅混合物涂膜的制備與表征PVB防潮性與疏水性的效應摘要摘要本文旨在介紹一種以硅酸乙酯為前驅(qū)物，聚乙烯醇縮丁醛為改良劑，通過溶膠凝膠催化方法制得的一種新型的改性抗反射涂膜。而AR涂膜和二氧化硅溶膠通過傅里葉變換紅外吸收光譜、粒子尺寸分析、透射電子顯微鏡、可編程流變儀、紫外可見分光光度法、概率測量法、原子力顯微鏡以及接觸角測量法進行表征。實驗表明，加入4﹪的PVB會大大增加AR涂膜的防潮性。用4﹪的PVB改性的AR涂膜在BK7基片中的光透射率近乎100﹪。對于未改性的AR涂膜與4﹪PVB改性的AR涂膜其水的接觸角分別為51°和53°。也就是說，改性后的涂膜沒有明顯的疏水性。將改性后的涂膜暴露在潮濕的環(huán)境中，其透射率最大值幾乎不變，而未改性的涂膜在兩周內(nèi)其透射率從998﹪急劇下降到965﹪。PVB改性AR涂膜具有良好的防潮性的原因可能是AR涂膜表面的PVB的吸附作用。關鍵字關鍵字抗反射涂層聚乙烯醇縮丁醛防潮性疏水性1引言引言從1980年開始的制備有機無機復合材料開始，溶膠凝膠技術就引起了人們的廣泛興趣。由于它具有很多優(yōu)點，諸如良好的均勻性，低粗糙度，良好的沉積性，產(chǎn)量高，而且在膠片中還有良好的微結(jié)構(gòu)可控制性，溶膠凝膠法在玻璃界已經(jīng)廣泛的用于制備抗反射涂膜（AR涂膜），比如機動車窗，太陽能電池，激光系統(tǒng)。對于AR涂膜，透射率是其最重要的性質(zhì)之一。然而，對于傳統(tǒng)的純凈二氧化硅涂膜材料，由于其在潮濕環(huán)境下的吸水性，使其透射率大大降低。這個問題使得這些涂膜不能很好的應用到潮濕的環(huán)境中。通常，防潮性隨著涂膜表面的疏水基團的增加而增加。近年來，科研工作者對如何制備AR涂膜做了大量的研究。最有效的方式就是將有機分子或者聚合物支撐疏水基團作為改性劑嫁接到二氧化硅

簡介：中文中文5460字本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯（2013屆）題目學生姓名學生姓名學號指導教師指導教師專業(yè)班級專業(yè)班級所在學院所在學院化學工程與材料學院化學工程與材料學院提交日期提交日期2率密度。因此這對于發(fā)展電極提高電化學性能的改性方法是非常重要的。石墨氈電極的各種改性方法已經(jīng)在研究,其中包括金屬電鍍18、19,熱激活20和酸處理12、21、22。電化學氧化技術對于碳基材料的表面處理是一種有效的方法。這是因為它可以提供許多類型的表面含氧官能團和增加表面粗糙度與此同時,這技術的控制也相對簡單,可以在溫和條件下進行23。然而,全釩氧化液流電池的石墨氈電極的電化學氧化已經(jīng)很少報道。李等人只報道了,相對于未處理的石墨氈電極全釩氧化液流電池的活性已經(jīng)得到改良。在目前的文章中，VOVO??22/氧化還原反應中的經(jīng)過電化學氧化的石墨氈（被氧化的石墨氈）的激活正被詳細研究。被氧化的石墨氈的表面形態(tài)、潤濕性、表面含氧官能團和電化學性質(zhì)在電化學氧化程度上呈現(xiàn)正常變化。這些結(jié)果有助于理解石墨氈的電化學氧化機理,這研究也為確定全釩氧化液流電池電極活化的最佳工藝參數(shù)提供了有用的理論指導。2．實驗實驗2121材料5毫米厚的聚丙烯腈基石墨氈樣本由上海七杰有限有限公司提供。994從沈陽的海中天精細化工廠購買，濃硫酸質(zhì)量分OHVOSO424?數(shù)98來自廣州東香港化工廠。22樣品制備聚丙烯腈基石墨氈在電化學氧化前先切成15厘米15厘米大小,然后所有的樣品都用蒸餾水徹底清洗然后在70?C下48H烘干。石墨氈板作為陽極,石墨板作為陰極。電化學氧化在1M硫酸溶液中發(fā)生。石墨氈電極15厘米15厘米用作陽極是由在兩個聚氯乙烯板片之間壓一塊石墨氈做成,其中一個聚氯乙烯板片有10厘米10厘米的孔,石墨氈通過孔與電解液想通。另一邊的石墨氈與石墨片電流收集器連接。石墨氈樣品在100MACM?2的電流密度下對不同的氧化時段進行電氧化。發(fā)生氧化的石墨氈被拿出來用蒸餾水清洗干凈,然后在70?C下48H烘干。23特性

簡介：SURFACEANDCOATINGSTECHNOLOGY1482001171–17802578972/01/SEEFRONTMATTER?2001ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDPIIS02578972?01013366ELECTRODEPOSITIONANDSLIDINGWEARRESISTANCEOFNICKELCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAININGMICRONANDSUBMICRONSICPARTICLESIGARCIA,JFRANSAER,JPCELISA,B,AAKATHOLIEKEUNIVERSITEITLEUVEN,DEPARTMENTMTM,KASTEELPARKARENBERG44,B3001LEUVEN,BELGIUMANATIONALCENTERFORMETALLURGICALRESEARCHCENIMCSIC,DEPARTMENTOFCORROSIONANDPROTECTION,AVGREGORIODELAMO8,28040MADRID,BSPAINRECEIVED1MARCH2001ACCEPTED21JUNE2001ABSTRACTSICPARTICLESOFTHREEDIFFERENTSIZES,NAMELY5,07AND03MM,WERECODEPOSITEDWITHNICKELFROMWATTS’SOLUTIONSITWASFOUNDTHATFORAGIVENNUMBERDENSITYOFPARTICLESINTHEPLATINGSOLUTION,THENUMBERDENSITYOFPARTICLESINTHECOATINGINCREASESWITHDECREASINGPARTICLESIZETHEFRICTIONANDWEARBEHAVIOROFTHESECOMPOSITECOATINGSWASEVALUATEDINUNIANDBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTSAGAINSTCORUNDUMBALLSTHEBESTSLIDINGWEARRESISTANCEWASOBTAINEDWITHNI–SICCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAINING4–5VOLSUBMICRONSICPARTICLES?2001ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSELECTRODEPOSITIONCOMPOSITESWEARNICKELSIC1INTRODUCTIONELECTRODEPOSITEDCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONSISTOFAMETALORALLOYMATRIXCONTAININGADISPERSIONOFSECONDPHASEPARTICLESW1–3XTHESEPARTICLESCANBEHARDOXIDEORCARBIDEPARTICLES,SUCHASALO,SIC,TIO,WC,SIO2322ORDIAMOND,ASOLIDLUBRICANT,SUCHASPTFE,GRAPHITEORMOS,OREVENLIQUIDCONTAININGMICROCAPSULESW4XTO2IMPROVEWEARRESISTANCEANDYORTOREDUCEFRICTIONELECTROPLATEDCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAININGMICRONSIZEDPARTICLESAREUSEDASWEARRESISTANTCOATINGSW5–7X,EGNICKEL–SICINCARENGINESW1,8–10XWITHTHEINCREASINGAVAILABILITYOFNANOPARTICLES,THEREISAGROWINGINTERESTINTHEELECTROLYTICANDELECTROLESSCODEPOSITIONOFNANOPARTICLESW11XTHEMAJORCHALLENGESOFTHECODEPOSITIONOFNANOPARTICLESSEEMTOBETHECODEPOSITIONOFASUFFICIENTNUMBEROFPARTICLES,ANDAVOIDINGTHEAGGLOMERATIONOFPARTICLESSUSPENDEDINTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONSCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTELQ3415538900FAXQ3415347425EMAILADDRESSIGARCIACENIMCSICESIGARCIAINTHISWORK,THEELECTROLYTICCODEPOSITIONOFMICRONANDSUBMICRONSICPARTICLESFROMNICKELWATTS’SOLUTIONS,ANDTHESLIDINGWEARRESISTANCEOFSUCHNICKELCOMPOSITECOATINGSAREINVESTIGATEDTHEEFFECTOFPARTICLESIZEANDNUMBEROFPARTICLESSUSPENDEDINTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONONTHENUMBEROFCODEPOSITEDPARTICLESISREPORTEDTHECODEPOSITIONRESULTSANDAMODELBASEDONTHENUMBERDENSITYOFPARTICLESCODEPOSITEDAREDISCUSSEDTHEEFFECTOFPARTICLESIZEONTHECODEPOSITIONPROCESSOFMICRONANDSUBMICRONSIZEDNONBROWNIANPARTICLESISCLARIFIEDTHEEFFECTOFCODEPOSITEDSUBMICRONPARTICLESONTHEWEARRESISTANCEOFCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSISDISCUSSED2EXPERIMENTALTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONUSEDWASASTANDARDNICKELWATTS’SOLUTIONTHECOMPOSITIONOFTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONANDTHEPLATINGPARAMETERSAREGIVENINTABLE1SICPARTICLESWITHAMEANDIAMETEROF03BSC21C,PERFORMANCECERAMICS,JAPAN,07BS07,ELEKTROSCHMELZWERKKEMPTEN,GERMANYAND5MME110?4000,NORTON,NORWAYWEREUSEDALLPARTICLESWEREUSEDASRECEIVED173IGARCIAETAL/SURFACEANDCOATINGSTECHNOLOGY1482001171–178FIG2VOLUMETRICWEARFACTORUNDERUNIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGONCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSCONTAININGDIFFERENTVOLSICPARTICLESOFTHREEDIFFERENTSIZESDATAFORPUREELECTROLYTICNICKELAREALSOGIVENEDNICKELREFERENCEFIG3VOLUMETRICWEARFACTORUNDERBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGONCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSCONTAININGDIFFERENTVOLSICPARTICLESOFTHREEDIFFERENTSIZESDATAFORPUREELECTROLYTICNICKELAREALSOGIVENEDNICKELREFERENCEPOSITIONISOBTAINEDWITH07MMPARTICLESQUITEUNEXPECTEDLYW13X,THE03MMSICPARTICLESCODEPOSITMORETHANTHE07MMPARTICLESAPOSSIBLEREASONCOULDBETHEDIFFERENCEINTHESURFACECONDITIONOFTHESESICPARTICLESOBTAINEDFROMDIFFERENTPRODUCERSANOTHERREASONCOULDBETHEAGGLOMERATIONOFTHE03MMPARTICLESINTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONTHEWEARTRACKSONTHECOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSAFTERUNIANDBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTSHAVEABLACKAPPEARANCE,ANDSHOWSCRATCHESPARALLELTOTHEDIRECTIONOFMOTIONSUCHSCRATCHESARETYPICALFORABRASIVEWEARFORALLNI–SICCOMPOSITECOATINGSTESTED,THECOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONISAPPROXIMATELY05DURINGTHEFIRSTFEWSLIDINGCYCLESAFTERTHERUNNINGINPHASE,THECOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONOFNICKELCOATINGSCONTAINING07OR03MMSICPARTICLESISAPPROXIMATELY029THATCOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONISLOWERTHANTHEVALUEOF034OBSERVEDONNICKELCOATINGSCONTAINING5MMSICPARTICLESATACOMPARABLEVOLUMEPERCENTOFCODEPOSITEDPARTICLESONTHEOTHERHAND,FOREACHSICPARTICLESIZEINVESTIGATED,THECOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONINCREASESWITHINCREASINGVOLUMEPERCENTOFSICPARTICLESINTHECOATINGS,FROMAPPROXIMATELY034TO047INTHECASEOF5MMSICPARTICLES,ANDFROM028TO030INTHECASEOF07MMPARTICLESTHEWEARLOSSONNI–SICCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAININGSICPARTICLESOFDIFFERENTSIZES,AFTERSLIDINGAGAINSTCORUNDUMBALLSINUNIANDBIDIRECTIONALWEARTESTS,ISSHOWNINFIGS2AND3,RESPECTIVELYTHEVOLUMETRICWEARLOSSONPURENICKELCOATINGSANDCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSINUNIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGWEARTESTSISAPPROXIMATELYTWOORDERSOFMAGNITUDELOWERTHANTHATNOTEDINBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTSTHISISCONSISTENTWITHSLIDINGWEARDATAOBTAINEDONHARDCERAMICCOATINGS,SUCHASTIN,SHOWINGAMUCHLOWERWEARRATEUNDERUNITHANUNDERBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTCONDITIONSW14XHOWEVER,UNDERUNIDIRECTIONALSLIDING,COMPOSITENICKELCOATINGSCONTAINING5MMSICPARTICLESEXHIBITALOWERWEARRESISTANCEWITHINCREASINGAMOUNTSOFSICTHANPURENICKELCOATINGSREFERREDTOASEDNICKELREFERENCEINFIG2ONTHECONTRARY,COMPOSITE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簡介：ARSENICINTHEENVIRONMENTBIOLOGYANDCHEMISTRYPROSUNBHATTACHARYAA,?,ALANHWELCHB,KENNETHGSTOLLENWERKC,MIKEJMCLAUGHLIND,JOCHENBUNDSCHUHE,GPANAULLAHFAKTHINTERNATIONALGROUNDWATERARSENICRESEARCHGROUP,DEPARTMENTOFLANDANDWATERRESOURCESENGINEERING,ROYALINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYKTH,SE10044STOCKHOLM,SWEDENBNEVADAWATERSCIENCECENTER,UNITEDSTATESGEOLOGICALSURVEY,2730NDEERRUNROAD,CARSONCITY,NV89701USACUNITEDSTATESGEOLOGICALSURVEY,MS413,BOX25046,FEDERALCENTER,DENVER,CO80225,USADCSIROLANDANDWATER/UNIVERSITYOFADELAIDE,PMB2,GLENOSMOND,SA5064,AUSTRALIAEINTERNATIONALTECHNICALCOOPERATIONPROGRAMMECIMGTZ/BA,GERMANY,INSTITUTOCOSTARRICENSEDEELECTRICIDADICE,PYSA,APARTADOPOSTAL10032,1000SANJOSE,COSTARICAFCIMMYT,BANGLADESH,POBOX6057GULSHAN,DHAKA1212,BANGLADESHRECEIVED6FEBRUARY2007RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM25FEBRUARY2007ACCEPTED27FEBRUARY2007AVAILABLEONLINE16APRIL2007ABSTRACTARSENICASDISTRIBUTIONANDTOXICOLOGYINTHEENVIRONMENTISASERIOUSISSUE,WITHMILLIONSOFINDIVIDUALSWORLDWIDEBEINGAFFECTEDBYASTOXICOSISSOURCESOFASCONTAMINATIONAREBOTHNATURALANDANTHROPOGENICANDTHESCALEOFCONTAMINATIONRANGESFROMLOCALTOREGIONALTHEREAREMANYAREASOFRESEARCHTHATAREBEINGACTIVELYPURSUEDTOADDRESSTHEASCONTAMINATIONPROBLEMTHESEINCLUDENEWMETHODSOFSCREENINGFORASINTHEFIELD,DETERMININGTHEEPIDEMIOLOGYOFASINHUMANS,ANDIDENTIFYINGTHERISKOFASUPTAKEINAGRICULTUREREMEDIATIONOFASAFFECTEDWATERSUPPLIESISIMPORTANTANDRESEARCHINCLUDESASSESSINGNATURALREMEDIATIONPOTENTIALASWELLASPHYTOREMEDIATIONANOTHERAREAOFACTIVERESEARCHISONTHEMICROBIALLYMEDIATEDBIOGEOCHEMICALINTERACTIONSOFASINTHEENVIRONMENTIN2005,ACONFERENCEWASCONVENEDTOBRINGTOGETHERSCIENTISTSINVOLVEDINMANYOFTHEDIFFERENTAREASOFASRESEARCHINTHISPAPER,WEPRESENTASYNTHESISOFTHEASISSUESINTHELIGHTOFLONGSTANDINGRESEARCHANDWITHREGARDSTOTHENEWFINDINGSPRESENTEDATTHISCONFERENCETHISCONTRIBUTIONPROVIDESABACKDROPTOTHEISSUESRAISEDATTHECONFERENCETOGETHERWITHANOVERVIEWOFCONTEMPORARYANDHISTORICALISSUESOFASCONTAMINATIONANDHEALTHIMPACTSCROWNCOPYRIGHT?2007PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSARSENICCONTAMINATIONPOLLUTIONGROUNDWATERTUBEWELLSCREENINGFIELDTESTKITHEALTHSAFEAQUIFERSAGRICULTURESOILSMININGENVIRONMENTPHYTOREMEDIATIONSORPTIONREMEDIATION1INTRODUCTION11LOCATIONANDSCALEOFPROBLEMARSENICASHASBEENDETECTEDINGROUNDWATERINSEVERALCOUNTRIESOFTHEWORLD,WITHCONCENTRATIONLEVELSEXCEEDINGTHEWHODRINKINGWATERGUIDELINEVALUEOF10ΜG/LWHO,2001ASWELLASTHENATIONALREGULATORYSTANDARDSEG50ΜG/LININDIAANDBANGLADESH,AHMEDETAL,2004MUKHERJEEETAL,2006ARSENICINGROUNDWATERISOFTENASSOCIATEDWITHGEOLOGICSOURCES,BUTINSOMELOCATIONSANTHROPOGENICINPUTSCANBEEXTREMELYIMPORTANTINGESTIONOFGEOGENICASFROMGROUNDWATERSOURCESISMANIFESTEDASCHRONICHEALTHDISORDERSINMOSTOFTHEAFFECTEDREGIONSOFTHEWORLDBGSFAX4684110775EMAILADDRESSPROSUNKTHSEPBHATTACHARYA00489697/SEEFRONTMATTERCROWNCOPYRIGHT?2007PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JSCITOTENV200702037MMAIIIISMORETOXICTHANASIIIANDASVVIZPETRICKETAL,2000,200114AGRICULTURETHEADVERSEEFFECTSOFASINGROUNDWATERUSEDFORIRRIGATIONWATERONCROPSANDAQUATICECOSYSTEMSISALSOOFMAJORCONCERNINADDITIONTOPOTENTIALHUMANHEALTHIMPACTSCAUSEDBYINGESTIONOFFOODCONTAININGAS,THEPOTENTIALFORREDUCEDCROPYIELDDUETOITSBUILDUPINTHESOILISANACTIVEAREAOFRESEARCHTHEFATEOFASINAGRICULTURALSOILSISOFTENLESSWELLSTUDIEDCOMPAREDTOGROUNDWATER,ANDINGENERALHASBEENSTUDIEDINTHECONTEXTOFASUPTAKEBYDIFFERENTPLANTSHUQETAL,2001,2006DASETAL,2004ALRMALLIETAL,2005CORRELLETAL,2006NAIDUETAL,2006CROPQUALITYANDTHEEFFECTOFASONCROPQUALITYANDYIELDISBECOMINGAMAJORWORLDWIDECONCERN,PARTICULARLYFORRICEWHICHFORMSTHESTAPLEFORMANYSOUTHASIANCOUNTRIESWHEREGROUNDWATERISWIDELYUSEDFORIRRIGATIONMEHARGANDRAHMAN,2003INARECENTSTUDYITWASREPORTEDTHATIRRIGATIONHASINCREASEDINBANGLADESHSINCE1970,WHILESINCE1980,THEAREAUNDERGROUNDWATERIRRIGATIONFORTHECULTIVATIONOFBORORICEHASINCREASEDBYALMOSTANORDEROFMAGNITUDEHARVEYETAL,2005BASEDONAVAILABLEINFORMATIONONTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFASCONCENTRATIONINGROUNDWATERBGSANDDPHE,2001ANDTHEAREAUNDERSHALLOWTUBEWELLIRRIGATIONBADC,2005,SAHA2006ESTIMATEDTHATAPPROXIMATELY1000METRICTONSOFASISCYCLEDWITHIRRIGATIONWATERDURINGTHEDRYSEASONOFEACHYEARRICEYIELDHASBEENREPORTEDTODECREASEBY10ATACONCENTRATIONOF25MG/KGASINSOILXIONGETAL,1987AGREENHOUSESTUDYBYABEDINETAL2002REVEALEDREDUCEDYIELDOFALOCALVARIETYOFRICEBR11IRRIGATEDWITHWATERHAVINGASCONCENTRATIONSINTHERANGEOF02TO8MG/LTHEACCUMULATIONOFASINRICEFIELDSOILSANDITSINTRODUCTIONINTOTHEFOODCHAINTHROUGHUPTAKEBYTHERICEPLANTISOFMAJORCONCERNDUXBURYETAL,200315ANTHROPOGENICARSENICLARGEQUANTITIESOFASARERELEASEDINTOTHEENVIRONMENTTHROUGHINDUSTRIALACTIVITIES,WHICHCANBEDISPERSEDWIDELYANDASSUCHPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTHECONTAMINATIONOFSOILS,WATERS,ANDAIRNRIAGU,1989JACKSANDBHATTACHARYA,1998JUILLOTETAL,1999MATSCHULLAT,2000PACYNAANDPACYNA,2001ELEVATEDCONCENTRATIONSOFASINSOILSOCCURONLYLOCALLY,BUTINAREASOFFORMERINDUSTRIALAREASITMAYCAUSEENVIRONMENTALCONCERNNRIAGU,1994SMITHETAL,1998KABATAPENDIASANDPENDIAS,2001ALTHOUGHMANYMINERALSCONTAINASCOMPOUNDS,THEANTHROPOGENICCONTRIBUTIONTOTHEENVIRONMENTINTHEPASTACCOUNTEDFOR82,000METRICTONS/YEARWORLDWIDENRIAGUANDPACYNA,1988INORGANICASCOMPOUNDSSUCHASCALCIUMARSENATE,LEADAR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