簡介：MCUDESCRIPTIONSCMISALSOKNOWNASMICROCONTROLLERMICROCONTROLLERUNIT,COMMONLYUSEDLETTERSOFTHEACRONYMMCUMCUTHATITWASFIRSTUSEDININDUSTRIALCONTROLONLYASINGLECHIPBYTHECPUCHIPDEVELOPEDFROMADEDICATEDPROCESSORTHEFIRSTDESIGNISBYALARGENUMBEROFPERIPHERALSANDCPUONACHIPINTHECOMPUTERSYSTEM,SMALLER,MOREEASILYINTEGRATEDINTOACOMPLEXANDDEMANDINGONTHEVOLUMECONTROLDEVICEWHICHINTELSZ80ISTHEFIRSTDESIGNEDINACCORDANCEWITHTHISIDEAPROCESSOR,THENONARE8BITMICROCONTROLLEREARLYOR4BITSONEOFTHEMOSTSUCCESSFULISTHEINTEL8031,FORASIMPLE,RELIABLEANDGOODPERFORMANCEWASALOTOFPRAISETHENDEVELOPEDIN8031OUTOFMCS51MCUSYSTEMSSCMSYSTEMSBASEDONTHISSYSTEMUNTILNOWISSTILLWIDELYUSEDWITHTHEINCREASEDREQUIREMENTSOFINDUSTRIALCONTROLFIELD,BEGANA16BITMICROCONTROLLER,BECAUSETHECOSTISNOTSATISFACTORYBUTHAVENOTBEENVERYWIDELYUSEDAFTER90YEARSWITHTHEGREATDEVELOPMENTOFCONSUMERELECTRONICS,SCMISMORESUITABLETHANTHESPECIFICPROCESSORUSEDINEMBEDDEDSYSTEMS,SOITWASUPTOTHEAPPLICATIONINFACTTHENUMBEROFSCMISTHEWORLDSLARGESTCOMPUTERMODERNHUMANLIFEUSEDINALMOSTEVERYPIECEOFELECTRONICANDMECHANICALPRODUCTSWILLBEINTEGRATEDSINGLECHIPPHONE,TELEPHONE,CALCULATOR,HOMEAPPLIANCES,ELECTRONICTOYS,HANDHELDCOMPUTERSANDCOMPUTERACCESSORIESSUCHASAMOUSEWITHA12INBOTHTHEDEPARTMENTOFSCMPERSONALCOMPUTERWILLHAVEALARGENUMBEROFSCMINSINGLECHIP,ALSOKNOWNASSINGLECHIPMICROCONTROLLER,ITISNOTCOMPLETEACERTAINLOGICCHIPS,BUTTOACOMPUTERSYSTEMINTEGRATEDINTOACHIPEQUIVALENTTOAMICROCOMPUTER,ANDCOMPUTERTHANJUSTTHELACKOFAMICROCONTROLLERI/ODEVICESGENERALTALKACHIPBECOMESACOMPUTERITSSMALLSIZE,LIGHTWEIGHT,CHEAP,FORTHESTUDY,APPLICATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFFACILITIESPROVIDEDATTHESAMETIME,LEARNINGTOUSETHEMCUISTOUNDERSTANDTHEPRINCIPLEANDSTRUCTUREOFTHECOMPUTERTHEBSCMANDTHECOMPUTERFUNCTIONSINTERNALLYWITHSIMILARMODULES,SUCHASCPU,MEMORY,PARALLELBUS,THESAMEEFFECTASWELL,ANDHARDDISKMEMORYDEVICES,ANDDIFFERENTISITSPERFORMANCEOFTHESECOMPONENTSWERERELATIVELYWEAKMANYOFOURHOMECOMPUTER,BUTTHEPRICEISLOW,USUALLYNOTMORETHAN10YUANYOUCANDOWITHITSOMECONTROLFORACLASSISNOTVERYCOMPLICATEDELECTRICALWORKISENOUGHOFWEAREUSINGAUTOMATICDRUMWASHINGMACHINE,SMOKEHOOD,VCDANDSOONAPPLIANCESWHICHITISANONLINEREALTIMECONTROLCOMPUTER,CONTROLLINEISTHATTHESCENEISNEEDEDISASTRONGERANTIJAMMINGABILITY,LOWCOST,ANDTHISIS,ANDOFFLINECOMPUTERSUCHASHOMEPC,THEMAINDIFFERENCESINGLECHIPMCUISTHROUGHRUNNING,ANDCANBEMODIFIEDTHROUGHDIFFERENTPROCEDURESTOACHIEVEDIFFERENTFUNCTIONS,INPARTICULARSPECIALUNIQUEFEATURES,THISISANOTHERDEVICEMUCHEFFORTNEEDSTOBEDONE,SOMEGREATEFFORTSAREVERYDIFFICULTTODOANOTVERYCOMPLEXFUNCTIONSIFTHE50SWITHTHEUNITEDSTATESDEVELOPED74SERIES,ORTHE60SCD4000SERIESOFTHESEPUREHARDWAREBUTTONED,THENTHECIRCUITMUSTBEALARGEPCBBOARDBUTIFTHEUNITEDSTATESIFTHE70SWITHASERIESOFSUCCESSFULSCMASTHEMICROCONTROLLERONTHECOSTSENSITIVE,SONOWTHEDOMINANTSOFTWAREORTHELOWESTLEVELASSEMBLYLANGUAGE,WHICHISTHELOWESTLEVELINADDITIONTOMORETHANBINARYMACHINECODELANGUAGE,ANDASSOLOWWHYISTHEUSEMANYHIGHLEVELLANGUAGEHASREACHEDTHELEVELOFVISUALPROGRAMMINGWHYISNOTITTHEREASONISSIMPLYTHATTHEREISNOHOMECOMPUTERASASINGLECHIPCPU,NOTASHARDASAMASSSTORAGEDEVICEAVISUALIZATIONOFSMALLHIGHLEVELLANGUAGEPROGRAMWHICHEVENIFONLYONEBUTCANBESAIDTHATTHETWENTIETHCENTURYACROSSTHETHREE“POWER“ERA,THATIS,THEAGEOFELECTRICITY,THEELECTRONICAGEANDHASENTEREDINTOTHECOMPUTERAGEHOWEVER,THISCOMPUTER,USUALLYREFERSTOTHEPERSONALCOMPUTER,REFERREDTOASPCITCONSISTSOFTHEHOST,KEYBOARD,MONITORANDOTHERCOMPONENTSANOTHERTYPEOFCOMPUTER,MOSTPEOPLEDONOTKNOWHOWTHISCOMPUTERISTOGIVEALLKINDSOFINTELLIGENTMACHINESSINGLECHIPALSOKNOWNASMICROCONTROLLERASTHENAMESUGGESTS,THISCOMPSCMHISTORYSCMWASBORNINTHELATE20THCENTURY,70,EXPERIENCEDSCM,MCU,SOCTHREESTAGESFIRSTMODEL1SCMTHESINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERSTAGE,MAINLYSEEKINGTHEBESTOFTHEBESTSINGLEFORMOFEMBEDDEDSYSTEMSARCHITECTURE“INNOVATIONMODEL“SUCCESS,LAYINGTHESCMANDGENERALCOMPUTERCOMPLETELYDIFFERENTPATHOFDEVELOPMENTINTHEOPENROADOFINDEPENDENTDEVELOPMENTOFEMBEDDEDSYSTEMS,INTELCORPORATIONCONTRIBUTED2MCUTHEMICROCONTROLLERMICROCONTROLLERUNITSTAGE,THEMAINDIRECTIONOFTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTEXPANDINGTOMEETTHEEMBEDDEDAPPLICATIONS,THETARGETSYSTEMREQUIREMENTSFORTHEVARIOUSPERIPHERALCIRCUITSANDINTERFACECIRCUITS,HIGHLIGHTTHEOBJECTOFINTELLIGENTCONTROLITINVOLVESTHEAREASASSOCIATEDWITHTHEOBJECTSYSTEM,THEREFORE,THEDEVELOPMENTOFMCUSRESPONSIBILITYINEVITABLYFALLSONELECTRICAL,ELECTRONICSMANUFACTURERSFROMTHISPOINTOFVIEW,INTELFADEDMCUDEVELOP3EMBEDDEDSYSTEMSEMBEDDEDSYSTEMMICROCONTROLLERISANINDEPENDENTDEVELOPMENTPATH,THEMCUIMPORTANTFACTORINTHEDEVELOPMENTSTAGE,ISSEEKINGAPPLICATIONSTOMAXIMIZETHESOLUTIONONTHECHIPTHEREFORE,THEDEVELOPMENTOFDEDICATEDSINGLECHIPSOCTRENDOFTHENATURALFORMASTHEMICROELECTRONICS,ICDESIGN,EDATOOLSDEVELOPMENT,APPLICATIONSYSTEMBASEDONMCUSOCDESIGNHAVEGREATERDEVELOPMENTTHEREFORE,THEUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEMICROCONTROLLERCHIPMICROCOMPUTERCANBE,EXTENDEDTOTHESINGLECHIPMMCUAPPLICATIONSSCMNOWPERMEATEALLAREASOFOURLIVES,WHICHISALMOSTDIFFICULTTOFINDTRACESOFTHEFIELDWITHOUTSCMMISSILENAVIGATIONEQUIPMENT,AIRCRAFT,ALLTYPESOFINSTRUMENTCONTROL,COMPUTERNETWORKCOMMUNICATIONSANDDATATRANSMISSION,INDUSTRIALAUTOMATION,REALTIMEPROCESSCONTROLANDDATAPROCESSING,EXTENSIVEUSEOFVARIOUSSMARTICCARD,CIVILIANLUXURYCARSECURITYSYSTEM,VIDEORECORDER,CAMERA,FULLYAUTOMATICWASHINGMACHINECONTROL,ANDPROGRAMCONTROLLEDTOYS,ELECTRONICPET,ETC,WHSCMISWIDELYUSEDININSTRUMENTSANDMETERS,HOUSEHOLDAPPLIANCES,MEDICALEQUIPMENT,AEROSPACE,SPECIALIZEDEQUIPMENT,INTELLIGENTMANAGEMENTANDPROCESSCONTROLFIELDS,ROUGHLYDIVIDEDINTOTHEFOLLOWINGSEVERALAREASINTHEAPPLICATIONOFINTELLIGENTINSTRUMENTSSCMHASASMALLSIZE,LOWPOWERCONSUMPTION,CONTROLLINGFUNCTION,EXPANSIONFLEXIBILITY,THEADVANTAGESOFMINIATURIZATIONANDEASEOFUSE,WIDELYUSEDINSTRUMENT,COMBININGDIFFERENTTYPESOFSENSORSCANBEREALIZEDZHURUVOLTAGE,POWER,FREQUENCY,HUMIDITY,TEMPERATURE,FLOW,SPEED,THICKNESS,ANGLE,LENGTH,HARDNESS,ELEMENTAL,PHYSICALPRESSUREMEASUREMENTSCMMAKESUSEOFDIGITALINSTRUMENTS,INTELLIGENCE,MINIATURIZATION,ANDFUNCTIONALITYTHANELECTRONICORDIGITALCIRCUITSMOREPOWERFUINTHEINDUSTRIALCONTROLAPPLICATIONWITHTHEMCUCANCONSTITUTEAVARIETYOFCONTROLSYSTEMS,DATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMSUCHASFACTORYASSEMBLYLINEOFINTELLIGENTCONTROLINHOUSEHOLDAPPLIANCESCANBESAIDTHATTHEAPPLIANCESAREBASICALLYUSINGSCM,PRAISEFROMTHEELECTRICRICE,WASHINGMACHINES,REFRIGERATORS,AIRCONDITIONERS,COLORTV,ANDOTHERAUDIOVIDEOEQUIPMENT,TOTHEELECTRONICWEIGHINGEQUIPMENT,VARIED,ANDOMNIPRESENTINTHEFIELDOFCOMPUTERNETWORKSANDCOMMUNICATIONSAPPLICATIONSMCUGENERALWITHMODERNCOMMUNICATIONINTERFACE,CANBEEASYWITHTHECOMPUTERDATACOMMUNICATION,NETWORKINGANDCOMMUNICATIONSINCOMPUTERAPPLICATIONSBETWEENDEVICESHADEXCELLENTMATERIALCONDITIONS,AREBASICALLYALLCOMMUNICATIONEQUIPMENTTOACHIEVEACONTROLLEDBYMCUFROMMOBILEPHONE,TELEPHONE,MINIPROGRAMCONTROLLEDSWITCHBOARDS,BUILDINGAUTOMATEDCOMMUNICATIONSCALLSYSTEM,TRAINRADIOCOMMUNICATION,TOTHEDAILYWORKCANBESEENEVERYWHEREINTHEMOBILEPHONES,TRUNKEDMOBILERAMICROCOMPUTERINTHEFIELDOFMEDICALDEVICEAPPLICATIONSSCMINTHEUSEOFMEDICALDEVICESISALSOQUITEEXTENSIVE,SUCHASMEDICALRESPIRATOR,THEVARIOUSANALYZERS,MONITORS,ULTRASOUNDDIAGNOSTICEQUIPMENTANDHOSPITALBEDS,ETCCALLSYSTEMINAVARIETYOFMAJORAPPLIANCESINTHEMODULARAPPLICATIONSDESIGNEDTOACHIEVESOMESPECIALSINGLESPECIFICFUNCTIONTOBEMODULARINAVARIETYOFCIRCUITAPPLICATIONS,WITHOUTREQUIRINGTHEUSEOFPERSONNELTOUNDERSTANDITSINTERNALSTRUCTUREIFMUSICINTEGRATEDSINGLECHIP,SEEMINGLYSIMPLEFUNCTION,MINIATUREELECTRONICCHIPINTHENETTHEPRINCIPLEISDIFFERENTFROMTHETAPEMACHINE,YOUNEEDACOMPUTERSIMILARTOTHEPRINCIPLEOFTHECOMPLEXSUCHASMUSICSIGNALTODIGITALFORMSTOREDINMEMORYLIKEROM,READBYTHEMICROCONTROLLER,ANALOGINLARGECIRCUITS,MODULARAPPLICATIONSTHATGREATLYREDUCETHEVOLUME,SIMPLIFIESTHECIRCUITANDREDUCETHEDAMAGE,ERRORRATE,BUTALSOEASYTOREPLACEMICROCONTROLLERINTHEAPPLICATIONFIELDOFAUTOMOTIVEEQUIPMENTSCMINAUTOMOTIVEELECTRONICSISWIDELYUSED,SUCHASAVEHICLEENGINECONTROLLER,CANBUSBASEDINTELLIGENTELECTRONICCONTROLENGINE,GPSNAVIGATIONSYSTEM,ABSANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEM,BRAKESYSTEM,ETCINADDITION,THEMCUINBUSINESS,FINANCE,RESEARCH,EDUCATION,NATIONALDEFENSE,AEROSPACEANDOTHERFIELDSHASAVERYWIDERANGEOFAPPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONOFFIVEIMPORTANTPARTOFLEARNINGMCULEARNINGANIMPORTANTPARTOFTHEFIVEAPPLICATIONSFIRST,BUSWEKNOWTHATACIRCUITISALWAYSMADEBYTHEDEVICESCONNECTEDBYWIRES,INANALOGCIRCUITS,THECONNECTIONDOESNOTBECOMEAPROBLEMBECAUSETHEDEVICEISASERIALRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEGENERAL,THEDEVICEISNOTMUCHCONNECTIONBETWEENTHE,BUTTHECOMPUTERISNOTTHESAMECIRCUIT,ITISAMICROPROCESSORCORE,THEDEVICEMUSTBECONNECTEDWITHTHEMICROPROCESSOR,THEDEVICEMUSTBECOORDINATIONBETWEEN,SOTHEYNEEDTOCONNECTONALOT,ASIFSTILLANALOGCIRCUITLIKETHEMICROPROCESSORANSECOND,DATA,ADDRESS,COMMANDTHEREASONWHYTHESETHREETOGETHERBECAUSEOFTHENATUREOFTHESETHREEARETHESAMETHENUMBER,ORAREASTRINGOF0AND1FORMTHESEQUENCEINOTHERWORDS,ADDRESSES,INSTRUCTIONSAREALSODATAINSTRUCTIONFROMSINGLECHIPDESIGNERPROVIDESANUMBEROFCOMMONLYUSEDINSTRUCTIONSWITHMNEMONICWEHAVEASTRICTCORRESPONDENCEBETWEENTHEDEVELOPERCANNOTBECHANGEDBYTHEMCUADDRESSTHESEARCHFORMCUINTERNAL,EXTERNALSTORAGEUNITS,INPUTANDOUTPUTPORTBASEDONTHEADDRESSOFTTHIRD,P0PORT,P2ANDP3OFTHESECONDFUNCTIONIUSEBEGINNERSOFTENONTHEP0PORT,P2ANDP3PORTIUSETHESECONDFUNCTIONPUZZLEDTHATTHESECONDFUNCTIONANDHAVEASWITCHBETWEENTHEORIGINALFUNCTIONOFTHEPROCESS,ORHAVEADIRECTIVE,INFACT,THEPORTTHESECONDFEATUREISAUTOMATIC,DONOTNEEDINSTRUCTIONSTOCONVERTSUCHASP36,P37RESPECTIVELYWR,RDSIGNAL,WHENTHEMICROCHIPPROCESSINGMACHINESEXTERNALRAMOREXTERNALI/OPORT,THEYAREUSEDASASECONDFUNCTION,NOTASAGENERALPURPOSEI/OPORTUSED,SOLONGASAAMICROFOURTH,THEPROGRAMSIMPLEMENTATIONREDUCTIONINPOWERAFTERTHE8051MICROCONTROLLERWITHINTHEPROGRAMCOUNTERPCINTHEVALUEOF0000,THEPROCESSISALWAYSFROMTHE0000UNITSSTARTED,THATISTHESYSTEMMUSTEXISTINROM0000THISUNIT,ANDIN0000UNITMUSTBESTOREDINASINGLEINSTRUCTIONFIFTH,THESTACKSTACKISAREGION,ISUSEDTOSTOREDATA,THEREISNOSPECIALABOUTTHEREGIONITSELFISAPARTOFINTERNALRAM,SPECIALACCESSTOITSDATASTORAGEANDTHEWAYTHATTHESOCALLEDADVANCEDPOSTOUTBACKWARDFIRSTOUT,ANDTHESTACKHASASPECIALDATATRANSMISSIONINSTRUCTIONSTHATPUSHANDPOP,HASASPECIALEXPERTISEINITSSERVICESUNIT,THATIS,THESTACKPOINTERSP,WHENEVERAPUSHINSTRUCTIONEXECUTION,SPONINTHEBASEDONTHEORIGINALVALUEAUTOMATICALLYADD1,WHENEVERTHEIMPL單片機(jī)介紹單片機(jī)也被稱為微控制器（MICROCONTROLLERUNIT），常用英文字母的縮寫MCU表示單片機(jī)，它最早是被用在工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。單片機(jī)由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)展而來。
下載積分： 5 賞幣
上傳時(shí)間：2024-05-20
頁數(shù)： 17
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