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簡介：IEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS,VOL49,NO3,MAY/JUNE20131129STABILITYANALYSISOFMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHODINWINDPOWERSYSTEMSYUZOU,MALIKEELBULUK,SENIORMEMBER,IEEE,ANDYILMAZSOZER,MEMBER,IEEEABSTRACTTHEMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHODISTHEKEYTONOTABLYIMPROVEEFFICIENCYANDENERGYEXTRACTIONINWINDTURBINESYSTEMSTHEMPPTMETHODTHROUGHTHECHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEISONEOFTHEPOPULARMPPTMETHODSTHEREFERENCECURRENTCANBEOBTAINEDUSINGTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENPOWERANDCURRENTWITHOUTREQUIRINGREALTIMEWINDSPEEDINFORMATIONTHISPAPERPRESENTSTHESTEADYSTATEANDDYNAMICANALYSESOFTHISMPPTMETHODANDPROPOSESASINGLEPOLETRANSFERFUNCTIONTODESCRIBETHEEFFECTOFVARIATIONOFWINDSPEEDONTHEGENERATORSPEEDTHISISCONDUCTEDBYAPPLYINGTHESMALLSIGNALANALYSISONANONLINEARTURBINEROTORMECHANICALSYSTEMTOVERIFYTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEWINDTURBINESYSTEM,BOTHSIMULATIONANDEXPERIMENTALSYSTEMSAREIMPLEMENTEDBASEDONMPPTPOWERCONTROLBYTHEVARIATIONOFWINDSPEED,THEBEHAVIOROFTHEGENERATORSPEEDPRESENTSGOODCONSISTENCYAMONGTHEPROPOSEDTHEORY,SIMULATION,ANDEXPERIMENTSINDEXTERMSDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATORDFIG,MAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHOD,SMALLSIGNALMODEL,WINDEMULATOR,WINDPOWERSYSTEMIINTRODUCTIONASONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDRENEWABLEENERGYSOURCES,WINDISTHEMOSTPROMISINGONEFORREPLACINGTHEFOSSILFUELINTHENEARFUTURETOACHIEVEHIGHEFFICIENCYINAWINDPOWERCONVERSIONSYSTEM,THEMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTINVARIABLESPEEDOPERATIONSYSTEMS,LIKEDOUBLYFEDINDUCTIONGENERATORDFIGANDPERMANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSYSTEMS,ATTRACTSALOTOFATTENTION1–3THESTUDIEDMPPTMETHODSINTHEHISTORYINCLUDETHREESTRATEGIES,NAMELY1METHODSRELYINGONWINDSPEED2METHODSRELYINGONOUTPUTPOWERMEASUREMENTANDCALCULATIONAND3METHODSRELYINGONCHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEMOSTWINDENERGYCONTROLSYSTEMSAREBASEDONTHEWINDSPEEDMEASUREMENT4,5INTHESESYSTEMS,ANEMOMETERSARETYPICALLYREQUIREDTOMEASURETHEWINDSPEEDSUCHSYSTEMSSUFFERFROMADDITIONALCOSTOFSENSORSANDCOMPLEXITYTOSOLVETHISPROBLEM,WINDSPEEDESTIMATIONMETHODSHAVEBEENREPORTEDMANUSCRIPTRECEIVEDJUNE30,2011REVISEDDECEMBER19,2011ACCEPTEDMAY8,2012DATEOFPUBLICATIONMARCH13,2013DATEOFCURRENTVERSIONMAY15,2013PAPER2011IACC163R1,PRESENTEDATTHE2011IEEEINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONSSOCIETYANNUALMEETING,ORLANDO,FL,USA,OCTOBER9–13,ANDAPPROVEDFORPUBLICATIONINTHEIEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONSBYTHEINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONANDCONTROLCOMMITTEEOFTHEIEEEINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONSSOCIETYYZOUWASWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,THEUNIVERSITYOFAKRON,AKRON,OH443253904USAHEISNOWWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,SAGINAWVALLEYSTATEUNIVERSITY,SAGINAW,MI48710USAEMAILYZOUL123SVSUEDUMEELBULUKANDYSOZERAREWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,THEUNIVERSITYOFAKRON,AKRON,OH443253904USAEMAILMELBULUKUAKRONEDUYSUAKRONEDUCOLORVERSIONSOFONEORMOREOFTHEFIGURESINTHISPAPERAREAVAILABLEONLINEATHTTP//IEEEXPLOREIEEEORGDIGITALOBJECTIDENTIFIER101109/TIA20132251854FIG1CHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEBASEDMPPT6–9RELYINGONCOMPLEXSOFTWAREALGORITHMS,THEWINDSPEEDCANBECAPTUREDFORCONTROLLINGTHEOPTIMALTIPSPEEDRATIOSOTHATTHEMPPTCANBEIMPLEMENTEDINADDITION,TRACKINGTHEMAXIMUMPOWERCOULDALSOBEIMPLEMENTEDTHROUGHMEASURINGTHEOUTPUTPOWERDIRECTLY10–13THEIDEAOFTHISMETHODISTHEONLINEMEASUREMENTOFTHEOUTPUTPOWERANDCHECKINGTHERATEOFCHANGEOFPOWERWITHRESPECTTOSPEED,IE,DP/DΩ,TOEXTRACTMAXIMUMPOWERFROMTHEWINDTURBINESYSTEMMPPTCANBEACHIEVEDWHENDP/DΩ0,THROUGHADJUSTINGEITHERTHEROTORSPEEDORDUTYCYCLEOFTHECONVERTERTHISMETHODRELIESONALARGEAMOUNTOFONLINECOMPUTATION,ANDTHUS,ITWOULDBEDIFFICULTTOACHIEVEMPPTFORFASTVARYINGWINDSPEEDSALTHOUGHTHEVARYINGTRACKINGSTEPCOULDBEUSEDTOIMPROVECOMPUTATIONSPEED,THISDISADVANTAGECANNOTBEELIMINATEDRECENTLY,APROPOSEDMETHODOFEMPLOYINGTHEPOWERVERSUSROTORSPEEDCHARACTERISTICCURVEISFREQUENTLYUSEDDUETOITSSIMPLICITYINHARDWAREANDSOFTWARE14–17THEOPTIMALREFERENCEPOWERCURVEISCONSTRUCTEDACCORDINGTOEXPERIMENTALTESTSANDPROGRAMMEDINAMICROCONTROLLERMEMORY,WORKINGASALOOKUPTABLETHESYSTEMCONFIGURATIONISILLUSTRATEDINFIG1ONECOULDEITHERMEASURETHEROTORSPEEDANDOBTAINTHEPOWERREFERENCETOREGULATETHEPOWERORMEASURETHEWINDSPEEDANDOBTAINTHEROTORSPEEDREFERENCETOREGULATETHEROTORSPEEDTHEFORMERPRODUCESMOREACCURATEOUTPUTPOWERWHILETHELATTERWILLHAVEFASTERCONTROLRESPONSE18ASIDEFROMANACCURATEREFERENCEPOWERCURVE,ANALYSISISNECESSARYTOVERIFYTHESTABILITYOFTHEMETHODINTERMSOFVARYINGWINDSPEEDANDOUTPUTPOWERFEWPUBLICATIONSJUSTADDRESSTHESTABILITYISSUEOFSUCHMETHOD19,BUTMOREDETAILEDQUANTITATIVEANALYSISSHOULDBECONDUCTEDTHISPAPERSTUDIESTHEPERFORMANCEOFWINDTURBINEUNDERREFERENCEPOWERCURVEMPPTPOWERCONTROLINPARTICULAR,ITPRESENTSASMALLSIGNALANALYSISONGENERATORSPEEDDYNAMICSINDUCEDBYVARIABLEWINDSPEEDALSO,ANEXPERIMENTALSETUPTOEMULATETHEWINDTURBINEOPERATIONINTORQUECONTROLMODEISPRESENTEDBOTHSTEADYSTATEANDDYNAMICRESPONSESAREIMPLEMENTEDTOVERIFYTHEPROPOSEDANALYSISANDCONCLUSIONSSECTIONIIWILLPRESENTHOWTOOBTAINTHEOPTIMALREFERENCEPOWERCURVEANDANALYZETHESTABILITYOFTHISMETHODBYCONDUCTINGTHESMALLSIGNALANALYSISSECTIONIIIWILLPRESENTTHE00939994/3100?2013IEEEZOUETALSTABILITYANALYSISOFMPPTMETHODINWINDPOWERSYSTEMS1131FIG3CONVERGENCEOFSYSTEMOPERATIONTOTHEREFERENCEPOWERCURVEFIG4SISOMODELOFWINDMECHANICALSYSTEMWHEREJDENOTESTHEINERTIAOFTHECOMBINEDSYSTEM,BISTHEDAMPINGCOEFFICIENT,ΩMISTHEGENERATORROTORSPEED,ANDTMANDTEREPRESENTTHETURBINEANDGENERATORTORQUES,RESPECTIVELYCOMBININGTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTORQUEANDPOWER,2CANBEREWRITTENINTERMSOFPOWERASJDΩMDTPWΩM?PEΩM?BΩM3WHEREPWANDPEARETHETURBINEANDGENERATORPOWERS,RESPECTIVELYPWISDETERMINEDBYWINDSPEEDVW,GENERATORSPEEDΩM,AIRDENSITYΡ,ANDBLADESWEPTAREAAΠR2ASPW05ΡAV3WCPΩM,VW4WHERECPΩM,VWISTHETURBINEPERFORMANCECOEFFICIENTANDISEXPRESSEDASFOLLOWS4CPΩM,VWC1?C2ΛP?C3Β?C4?E?C5ΛIC6Λ5WHERE1/ΛP1/Λ008Β?0035/Β21,ΛΩMR/VW,ΒISTHEPITCHANGLE,ANDC1～C6ARETHECOEFFICIENTSDETERMINEDBYINDIVIDUALTURBINECHARACTERISTICSCOMBINING1–5,WECANWRITE˙ΩMFΩM,VW6THEREFORE,THEMECHANICALSYSTEMCANBEMODELEDASANONLINEARSINGLEINPUTSINGLEOUTPUTSISOSYSTEMASSHOWNINFIG4LINEARIZING6ATOPTIMALOPERATINGPOINTSLEADSTOΔ˙ΩMA1ΔΩMA2ΔVW7WHERE,FORGIVENWINDSPEEDINDEXI,A1I?F?ΩM????ΩMΩMOPTI,VWVWI8A2I?F?VW????ΩMΩMOPTI,VWVWI9TABLEISIMULATIONSYSTEMPARAMETERSINOTHERWORDS,7EXPLORESTHESTABILITYOFSYSTEMTRANSITIONINGFROMONEOPTIMALPOINTTOANOTHER,DUETOTHEVARIATIONINVWAPPLYINGTHELAPLACETRANSFORMON7YIELDSSΔΩMSA1ΔΩMSA2ΔVWS10THETRANSFERFUNCTIONBETWEENΔΩMSANDΔVWSISDERIVEDASΔΩMSΔVWSA2IS?A1I11FROM11,ITISCLEARTHATTHETRANSITIONFROMONEOPTIMALPOINTΩMOPTI,VWITOANOTHERΩMOPTI1,VWI1ISSTABLE,ASLONGASA1I0IIISIMULATIONANDEXPERIMENTALRESULTSSINCETHEANALYSISISCONDUCTEDONGENERALTURBINEROTORSYSTEM,THECONCLUSIONDRAWNEARLIERWILLBEAPPROPRIATETODIFFERENTWINDPOWERSYSTEMSEMPLOYINGTHEDISCUSSEDMPPTMETHODTOVERIFYTHESTABILITYANALYSIS,THECHARACTERISTICPOWERCURVEMPPTMETHODISEMPLOYEDONASIMULATIONOFA15MWDFIGWINDPOWERSYSTEMTHESYSTEMPARAMETERSARELISTEDINTABLEITHECONTROLSCHEMESARESHOWNINFIG5,WHEREHΨS,PREF,ΩMISTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENSTATORFLUXANDROTORDAXISCURRENTANDISDISCUSSEDINDETAILIN20BYAPPLYINGTHESTATORVOLTAGEFIELDORIENTATION,THEROTORANDSTATORSIDECONVERTERSARECONTROLLEDTOREGULATETHEOUTPUTACTIVEANDREACTIVEPOWERSANDTHEDCBUSVOLTAGE,RESPECTIVELY,WHEREPLOSSANDΨSARETHEPOWERLOSSANDSTATORFLUXWHILETHESUBSCRIPTSD,Q,R,S,RC,ANDSCREPRESENTTHEDAXIS,QAXIS,ROTOR,STATOR,ROTORSIDECONVERTER,ANDSTATORSIDECONVERTERQUANTITIES20ONTHEOTHERHAND,ASCALEDDOWNEXPERIMENTALSYSTEMISBUILTTOEMULATETHETURBINEOPERATIONSTHEREFORE,BOTHSTEADYSTATEANDDYNAMICSYSTEMBEHAVIORSCANBEIMPLEMENTEDANDINVESTIGATEDASYSTEMSIMULATIONTOCONDUCTTHEMPPT,THEOPTIMALOPERATINGPOWERCURVEPEΩMMUSTBEDETERMINEDBYFINDINGTHEOPTIMALOPERATINGPOINTSΩMOPT,POPTTHEMETHODOFDETERMININGTHEΩMOPTANDPOPTFORTHEWINDSPEEDOF9M/SISEXECUTEDFIRSTTHROUGHSIMULATIONSACONTINUOUSSTEPINTHEGENERATORSPEEDCOMMANDISAPPLIEDWITHFIXEDSTEPMAGNITUDE|ΔΩM|0005RAD/SANDPERIODTS_VAR2STHEPOWERANDGENERATORSPEEDDATAAREOBTAINEDFROMDFIGSYSTEMSIMULATIONSANDARESHOWNINFIG6ALTHOUGHTHEOSCILLATIONSAPPEARATEACHMOMENTWHENTHE

簡介：中文中文4100漢字出處YUZ,ELBULUKME,SOZERYSTABILITYANALYSISOFMAXIMUMPOWERPOINTTRACKINGMPPTMETHODINWINDPOWERSYSTEMSJIEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS,2013,49311291136畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）譯文部分原文著作（期刊）名稱IEEETRANSACTIONSONINDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS作者YUZOU，MALIKEELBULUK，YILMAZSOZER原文出版單位IEEEJOURNALSMAGAZINES原文出版時間2013年3月原文出版地點美國風(fēng)電系統(tǒng)中最大功率點跟蹤法的穩(wěn)定分析摘要摘要最大功率點跟蹤（MPPT）法是顯著提高風(fēng)力機系統(tǒng)效率和能量獲取的關(guān)鍵。借助特征功率曲線的MPPT法是最常用的MPPT法之一。通過功率和電流之間的關(guān)系可以獲得參考電壓而不需要實時風(fēng)速信息。本文介紹了該MPPT法的穩(wěn)態(tài)和動態(tài)分析并提出一個單極傳遞函數(shù)來描述風(fēng)速變化對發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速的影響。這是通過在一類非線性轉(zhuǎn)子機械系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用小信號分析。為了驗證風(fēng)力機系統(tǒng)的性能，在MPPT功率控制的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)了仿真和實驗系統(tǒng)。風(fēng)速變化時，發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速的變化表現(xiàn)出理論、仿真和實驗的良好一致。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞雙饋感應(yīng)發(fā)電機（DFIG），最大功率點跟蹤（MPPT）法，小信號模型，風(fēng)模擬器，風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)Ⅰ引言作為一種最常用的可再生能源，風(fēng)是在未來最有希望取代化石燃料的一種。為了在風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)中得到高效率，變速操作系統(tǒng)的最大功率點跟蹤，像雙饋感應(yīng)發(fā)電機和永磁同步發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)，吸引了很多的關(guān)注13。歷史上研究的最大功率點跟蹤法包括三種，即（1）依賴于風(fēng)速的方法；（2）依賴于輸出功率測量和計算的方法；（3）依賴于功率曲線的方法。大多數(shù)風(fēng)能控制系統(tǒng)都基于風(fēng)速測量4,5。在這些系統(tǒng)中，通常用風(fēng)速計測量風(fēng)速。這樣的系統(tǒng)中，傳感器和復(fù)雜性帶來額外成本。為了解決這個問題，風(fēng)速估計系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被發(fā)表69。依賴復(fù)雜的軟件算法，風(fēng)速可以被捕獲用題是發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速和輸出功率是否沿這這個參考功率曲線隨風(fēng)速變化收斂，即這個方法對不同風(fēng)速是否穩(wěn)定。部分ⅡA會通過改變發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速和功率，當(dāng)功率變化率為零時，從實驗中捕捉最佳參考工作點。然后，連接所有工作點的擬合曲線就構(gòu)成了參考功率曲線。接下來是ⅡB部分，通過一個簡單的機械模型獲得傳遞函數(shù)，提出基于小信號分析的最佳功率參考曲線PE。傳遞函數(shù)顯示M?了風(fēng)速變化和發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速之間的關(guān)系，有助于預(yù)測穩(wěn)定性和動態(tài)響應(yīng)。A最佳參考功率曲線PEM?最佳功率參考曲線PE對于任何給定風(fēng)速（）通過最佳功率（POPT）M??V和發(fā)電機最佳轉(zhuǎn)速（）獲得。對于一個給定的，發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速和輸出MOPT??VM?功率P是可以測得的。滿足DP/DW0的P和就是對于具體的和M??VMOPT?POPT。對于不同的重復(fù)同樣的程序，連接所有最佳工作點得到擬合曲線。這?V條擬合曲線被用作參考功率曲線PE。圖2為制作PE曲線的過程，其M?M?中K和I是工作點和風(fēng)速的標(biāo)志。因為這是一個離線程序，測量計算不會影響在線系統(tǒng)的運行速度。

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