傳感器技術(shù)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)原稿和譯文</b></p><p><b>　　原 稿</b></p><p>　　Sensor Technology</p><p>　　The sensor is an important technical foundation of the new technological

2、 revolution and the information society, is the trailbreaker of modern science and technology. The United States claimed as early as 80 years the world has entered the era of Japanese put sensors, sensor technology as th

3、e first ten technology. Japanese businessmen claimed "dominated the sensor technology will be able to dominate the new era". The world developed countries attach great importance to the development of technol&l

4、t;/p><p>　　Sensor technology is one of the world today attract people's attention the rapid development of high technology, but also is an important sign of the development of modern science and technology,

5、 it and communication technology, computer technology constitute the three pillars of information industry. If the computer is the extension of the human brain, the sensor is the extension of human facial features, as th

6、e rapid development of integrated circuit, computer technology, the development of pe</p><p>　　Sensor technology is one of the cross many disciplines measurement technology, semiconductor technology, compute

7、r technology, information processing technology, microelectronics, optics, acoustics, precision machinery, materials science, bionics, a comprehensive high-tech intensive technology.</p><p>　　The sensor has

8、been widely used in aerospace, aviation, national defense scientific research, information industry, machinery, electric power, energy, transportation, metallurgy, petroleum, construction, telecommunications, biotechnolo

9、gy, medicine, environmental protection, disaster prediction and prevention, materials, agriculture and forestry, fishery production, food, tobacco, robot manufacturing, household appliances and other fields, it can be sa

10、id that almost penetration to each field.</p><p>　　The development history, sensor</p><p>　　The foreign development of sensor technology has two different ways, one is to the United States as th

11、e representative of the walk way of civil, first increased and then the popularity of the first military post. The other one is represented by Japan focused on the utility and commercialization, popularization to improve

12、, by the introduction, digestion, imitation to innovation path to improved design. The former is expensive, the latter is less expensive, faster.</p><p>　　According to the expert assessment, compared to our

13、country sensor technology and the foreign advanced countries, in scientific research and development should be 10 years behind, are 15 years behind in the production technology.</p><p>　　Rapid development of

14、 sensor technology, there are the following reasons</p><p>　　1 attaches great importance to the research of the sensor function material:Traditionally, we are making all sorts of sensors based on various fun

15、ctional materials, which often limits the sensor performance is further improved.</p><p>　　2 of the sensor technology development attaches great importance to:For example, the United States of America Hone W

16、ill company's development center solid-state sensor annually for the equipment investment is $50000000, currently owns including computer aided design, crystal growth, processing, pattern generator, to repeat photogr

17、aphy, automatic coating and lithography, plasma etching, sputtering, diffusion, extension, evaporation, ion implantation, chemical vapor deposition, scanning electron m</p><p>　　3 attention process:</p>

18、;<p>　　The sensor principle is not difficult, is not secure, and the security is the process. In foreign countries, there are many evaluation "sensor" is not a general industrial products, but a perfect

19、crafts masterpiece.</p><p>　　In 1995, Tongji University President Professor published "chemical sensors -- Chinese sensitive needle", the Chinese traditional acupuncture needle and the needle shape

20、 of the same, but it has four function points of human body temperature, pH value, PO2 value and metabolism, with instrument display reading, research and clinical application in biomedical. This sensitivity is how to ma

21、ke the process of needle, confidential, can apply for patent protection.</p><p>　　4 pay attention to quality management and market</p><p>　　New product design, first from the theoretical analysi

22、s, model test, the performance of prototype to test and failure analysis, put forward the corresponding technical analysis report. First, in the design stage of organizational quality, software testing, and technical per

23、sonnel jointly affect the reliability of the product design engineering, product design for testability and repairability discussed, thus to ensure the best technical scheme of new product quality and quality acceptance

24、docume</p><p>　　Market demand survey meter analysis is very important, sweat hair products to market, sell and profit. Foreign manufacturers attach great importance to the analysis of market research, before

25、 settling in a new product development, light of investigation report a heap of tens of centimeters. One of the main application, technology, advanced technology, feasibility, industry and national preferential policies,

26、 investment analysis, comprehensive benefits, market demand, and many other aspects of a </p><p>　　The sensor technology development generally experienced the following four stages:</p><p>　　(1)

27、 structure type sensor such as a strain type displacement meter</p><p>　　(2) physical sensors such as solid-state piezoresistive pressure sensor</p><p>　　(3) intelligent sensor such as the Unite

28、d States of America Hone Will company ST--3000 smart pressure sensor, it with a microprocessor, with detection and information processing function. Since the diagnosis, adaptive function.</p><p>　　(4) molecu

29、lar sensor, it is the use of bamboo for the configuration and conformation and exhibit electromagnetic phenomena as the theory base and production. Notable features: small size to the bamboo, and is composed of a large m

30、olecule or molecular devices.</p><p>　　The human body is all kinds of sensor gathering place, and most organisms are molecular sensors sensors. So far, the real sensor, only to find, this suggests that in vi

31、vo, can make use of gene engineering, biosynthesis and molecular sensor system.</p><p>　　Some people are expected in the future of the century the coming of the era of molecular sensor.</p><p>　

32、　On the development of sensor technology issues in twenty-first Century, to the point of personal views: sensor support technology is the micro machining technology, including microelectronics and micromachining technolo

33、gy, sensor technology, competition will be the manufacturing process from the chip into packaging technology competition. New packaging technique such as anodic bonding, flip chip bonding, flip chip technology will have

34、greater development of new. Should rise to the rapid developm</p><p>　　Multi-sensor information fusion technology. The United States Air Force Technical College using the information fusion method for the de

35、termination of moving target research work was selected in forward-looking infrared sensor and a distance sensor, infrared image and visual image of dozens of pieces of distance nearly 100 information fusion based on the

36、 comparative analysis, the analysis method and the Bias minimum error classification criteria of feature level fusion, the moving target detecti</p><p>　　The world of micro electronic mechanical system (MEMS

37、) to give a high attention, the United States Agency (NASA) as support, the United States of America's Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (APPA) and other institutions to invest $20000000 a year, Germany's

38、 annual investment of 70000000 US dollars, Japanese trade industry MITI) has created a ten years plans to invest $200000000 in the United States, the Silicon Valley has become the world center of MEMS. With the rapid dev

39、elopment of sen</p><p>　　The future war is the electronic information warfare, one of its important features is to steal and steal information. Tanks, artillery and other likely quit the stage of history. Na

40、no sensor can also be dressed as leaves, straw, ants, flies, by airdrop method into the desired place, constitute a distributed sensor network, is used to collect intelligence. Take photos, hacking, computer viruses, cau

41、sing enemy lethargy. It was also predicted, can form a nano machine worm forces of every hue, with</p><p>　　Chemical sensor is very important in the production of industry and agriculture, home security, env

42、ironmental monitoring, energy, health care and other fields, demand will be more and more urgent.</p><p>　　The focus of future development of chemical sensor is miniaturized, intelligent, multi-functional. T

43、he working principle of in-depth study of organic, inorganic biological class of chemical sensors, improve sensitive material function design capability, flexible use of micromachining technology, sensitive film modified

44、 technology, microelectronic technology, many kinds of technology of optical fiber technology, biological engineering technology, integration, performance of the sensor optimizatio</p><p>　　Application of bi

45、onics, sensors, computing sciences as biomimetic sensors has made significant progress, biosensor is interdisciplinary science, it focuses on health care, environment detection, clothing and food industry demand.</p&g

46、t;<p>　　Environmental protection becomes more widespread attention. At present our country sensor first user metallurgical industry, for the 100 kinds of special high added value sensor almost all rely on imports

47、(such as ladle temperature sensor).</p><p>　　From the energy-saving, environmental protection, improve the analysis of automobile safety and comfort aspects, will have a larger market demand.</p><

48、p><b>　　譯 文</b></p><p><b>　　傳感器技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　傳感器是新技術(shù)革命和信息社會(huì)的重要技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),是現(xiàn)代科技的開路先鋒。美國早在80年代就聲稱世界已進(jìn)入傳感器時(shí)代，日本則把傳感器技術(shù)列為十大技術(shù)之首。日本工商界人士聲稱“支配了傳感器技術(shù)就能夠支配新時(shí)代”。世界技術(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)開發(fā)傳感器技術(shù)部十分

49、重視。美、日、英、法、德等國都把傳感器技術(shù)列為國家重點(diǎn)開發(fā)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。美國國家長期安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮至關(guān)重要的22項(xiàng)技術(shù)中有6項(xiàng)與傳感器信息處理技術(shù)直接相關(guān)。關(guān)于保護(hù)美國武器系統(tǒng)質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)至關(guān)重要的對(duì)項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之中，8項(xiàng)就為無源傳感器。美國空軍2000年舉出15項(xiàng)有助于提高21世紀(jì)空軍能力關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，傳感器技術(shù)名列第二。日本對(duì)開發(fā)和利用傳感器技術(shù)相當(dāng)重視并列為國家重點(diǎn)發(fā)展6大核心技術(shù)之一。日本科學(xué)技術(shù)廳制定的90年代重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目中有70個(gè)重點(diǎn)

50、課題，其中有18項(xiàng)是與傳感器技術(shù)密切相關(guān)。美國早在80年代初就成立了國家技術(shù)小組（BGT），幫助政府組織和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)各大公司與國家企事業(yè)部門的傳感器技術(shù)開發(fā)工作。</p><p>　　傳感器技術(shù)是一項(xiàng)當(dāng)今世界令人矚目的迅猛發(fā)展起來的高新技術(shù)之一，也是當(dāng)代科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志，它與通信技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)構(gòu)成信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的三大支柱。如果說計(jì)算機(jī)是人類大腦的擴(kuò)展,那么傳感器就是人類五官的延伸，當(dāng)集成電路、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展時(shí)

51、，人們才逐步認(rèn)識(shí)信息攝取裝置——傳感器沒有跟上信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展而驚呼“大腦發(fā)達(dá)、五官不靈“。     傳感器技術(shù)是測(cè)量技術(shù)、半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息處理技術(shù)、微電子學(xué)、光學(xué)、聲學(xué)、精密機(jī)械、仿生學(xué)、材料科學(xué)等眾多學(xué)科相互交叉的綜合性高新技術(shù)密集型前沿技術(shù)之一。 傳感器已廣泛應(yīng)用于航天、航空、國防科研、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)、機(jī)械、電力、能源、交通、冶金、石油、建筑、郵電、生物、醫(yī)學(xué)、環(huán)保、材料、災(zāi)害

52、預(yù)測(cè)預(yù)防、農(nóng)林、漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)、食品、煙酒制造、機(jī)器人、家電等諸多領(lǐng)域,可以說幾乎滲透到每個(gè)領(lǐng)域。一、傳感器的發(fā)展歷史 國外發(fā)展傳感器枝術(shù)有兩條不同途徑,一條是以美國為代表的走先軍工后民用、先提高后普及的路子。另一條是以日本為代表的側(cè)重實(shí)用化和商品化,先普及后提高,由引進(jìn)、消化、仿制到自行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)新的路子。前者花錢多,后者花錢少,更快些。 據(jù)國內(nèi)專</p><p>　　例如美國霍尼威爾公司的固態(tài)傳感器

53、發(fā)展中心每年用于設(shè)備投資就有5000萬美元,目前擁有包括計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)、單晶生長、加工、圖形發(fā)生器,對(duì)步重復(fù)照像、自動(dòng)涂膠和光刻、等離子刻蝕、濺射、擴(kuò)散、外延、蒸鍍、離子注入化學(xué)氣相沉積、掃描電鏡、封裝和屏蔽動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試等最先進(jìn)的成套設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)線,而且是大約每三年左右就要更新其中大部分儀器設(shè)備,聲稱只有這樣,才能保證其技術(shù)領(lǐng)先水平。 3．重視工藝研究： 傳感器原理不難,也不保密,而最保密的是工藝。在國外,有不少評(píng)價(jià)“傳感器”

54、不是一般的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品,而是一種完美的工藝品之佳作。 1995年同濟(jì)大學(xué)任總教授發(fā)表了“中國特色的化學(xué)傳感器--敏感針”，這種針與中國傳統(tǒng)針灸所用針的外形相同,但卻具有能探測(cè)人體穴位溫度、PH值、PO2值和新陣代謝等四種功能,均用儀器顯示讀數(shù),已應(yīng)用于生物醫(yī)學(xué)的研究和臨床。這種敏感針是如何制作的,工藝屬于保密,可申請(qǐng)專利保護(hù)。</p><p>　　4．重視質(zhì)量管理與市場(chǎng)分析</p><p&

55、gt;　　新產(chǎn)品面世,首先從設(shè)計(jì)理論分析,到各種模型試驗(yàn)、樣機(jī)性能考驗(yàn)以至失敗原因分析等都提出相應(yīng)技術(shù)分析報(bào)擊。首先在設(shè)計(jì)階段就組織質(zhì)量、軟件試驗(yàn),產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)工程技術(shù)人員共同對(duì)影響產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的可靠性、可測(cè)性和可檢性進(jìn)行研討,從而形成保證新產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的最佳技術(shù)方案和質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收文件。國外廠商對(duì)傳感器都要嚴(yán)格按其各項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格檢驗(yàn)。如性能全面檢測(cè)、壽命試驗(yàn),失效分析、各種規(guī)律性誤差測(cè)定與補(bǔ)償,并且把各種數(shù)據(jù)建庫（有生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)、批次、時(shí)間、檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)定數(shù)據(jù)

56、、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)、用戶反饋數(shù)據(jù)等）,體現(xiàn)出一種大公司嚴(yán)格的全面質(zhì)量管理體系,從而大大增加廠產(chǎn)品自身的生命力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 市場(chǎng)需求調(diào)研計(jì)析很重要,汗發(fā)產(chǎn)品目的是要投放市場(chǎng),賣得出去并獲利。國外廠商十分重視市場(chǎng)調(diào)研分析,在一個(gè)新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)定下來之前,光調(diào)研分析報(bào)告堆起來就有數(shù)十厘米厚。其中主要是應(yīng)用前景、技術(shù)、工藝上先進(jìn)性、可行性,國家或行業(yè)優(yōu)惠政策,投入產(chǎn)出比、綜合效益分析,幣場(chǎng)需求,綜合可行性討論等諸多方面。 當(dāng)今傳感器技術(shù)發(fā)展大

57、體經(jīng)歷了以下四個(gè)階段： (1)結(jié)構(gòu)型傳感器例如應(yīng)變式位移計(jì)。 (2)物性型傳感器例如固態(tài)壓阻式壓力傳感器。 </p><p>　　關(guān)于21世紀(jì)傳感器技術(shù)發(fā)展熱點(diǎn)問題,談一點(diǎn)個(gè)人初淺看法：傳感器支持工藝是微加工技術(shù),包括微電子和微機(jī)械加工技術(shù),傳感器技術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將從芯片制造工藝轉(zhuǎn)化到封裝技術(shù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。新的封裝工藝諸如陽極粘合、倒裝焊接,多芯片組裝等工藝將會(huì)有新的更大發(fā)展。應(yīng)抓住信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展和環(huán)保

58、生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)的興起,21世紀(jì)的傳感器市場(chǎng)將會(huì)有更大發(fā)展,抓住傳感器發(fā)展機(jī)遇,不失時(shí)機(jī)地開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,逐步形成產(chǎn)業(yè),將會(huì)形成國民經(jīng)濟(jì)新的增長點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　多傳感器信息融合技術(shù)。美國空軍技術(shù)學(xué)院利用信息融合方法檢驗(yàn)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)研究工作中選用了前視紅外傳感器和距離傳感器,將近100幅的視紅外圖像和數(shù)十幅距離圖象進(jìn)行信息融合比較分析,采用特征級(jí)融合分析方法和貝葉斯最小誤差分類準(zhǔn)則,使運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)檢測(cè)準(zhǔn)確率大大提高。<

59、/p><p>　　世界各國對(duì)微型電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)(MEMS)給予極高重視,美國宇航局(NASA)很早就給予支持,美國國防部高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局(APPA)等機(jī)構(gòu)每年投資2000萬美元,德國每年投資7000萬美元,日本通商產(chǎn)業(yè)省MITI）則擬訂了一個(gè)十年內(nèi)投資2億美元的計(jì)劃,美國的硅谷已成為當(dāng)今世界上MEMS研究中心。隨著傳感器技術(shù)、固態(tài)技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算技術(shù)等學(xué)科的飛速發(fā)展,一種高精度、低驅(qū)動(dòng)、高可靠性、低功耗、占用空間小

60、、重量輕和快速響應(yīng)的嶄新的微型電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的傳感器即將在世界展現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　未來的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是電子信息戰(zhàn),其重要特征之一就是竊取和反竊取情報(bào)。坦克、大炮等有可能退出歷史舞臺(tái)。納米傳感器也可打扮成樹葉、草桿、螞蟻、蒼蠅等,用空投等方法將其投入到所需預(yù)定地方,構(gòu)成一個(gè)分布式傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),用以收集情報(bào)。進(jìn)行拍照、竊聽、引起計(jì)算機(jī)病毒、敵人昏睡。也有人預(yù)測(cè),可以組建一支納米機(jī)器蟲部隊(duì)、懷揣形形色色的納米級(jí)武器,在納米

61、級(jí)馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)下,去執(zhí)行各種特殊任務(wù)。</p><p>　　化學(xué)傳感器在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、家庭安全、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、能源、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域具有十分重要的作用,需求將越來越迫切。</p><p>　　化學(xué)傳感器今后發(fā)展重點(diǎn)是微型化、智能化、多功能化。深入研究有機(jī)、無機(jī)生物類化學(xué)傳感器的工作原理,提高敏感材料功能設(shè)計(jì)能力,靈活地應(yīng)用微機(jī)械加工技術(shù),敏感膜修飾技術(shù),微電子技術(shù)、光纖技術(shù)、生物工程技術(shù)等多種枝術(shù)融合

62、,使傳感器性能最優(yōu)化。</p><p>　　應(yīng)用仿生學(xué)、傳感器學(xué)、計(jì)算科學(xué)聯(lián)理作為仿生傳感器取得了重大進(jìn)展,生物傳感器是跨學(xué)科的科學(xué),它著眼于保健、環(huán)境、衣業(yè)和食品工業(yè)的檢測(cè)的需求。</p><p>　　環(huán)境保護(hù)愈來愈普遍受到人們的重視。目前我國傳感器第一大用戶冶金行業(yè),所需100種專用高附加值傳感器幾乎全部依靠進(jìn)口（例如鋼水包的高溫稱重傳感器）。</p><p>