單片機原理外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　單片機英文文獻</b></p><p>　　Principle of MCU</p><p>　　Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even though most of his features in a small chi

2、p, but it has a need to complete the majority of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers, real-ti

3、me clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and output complex</p><p>　　Also known as single-chip MCU (Microco

4、ntroller), because it was first used in the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU i

5、n a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the proce

6、ssor, From then on, th</p><p>　　Early single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTEL's 8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise. Si

7、nce then in 8031 to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series. Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until now. As the field of industrial control requirements increas

8、e in the beginning of a 16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used. Af</p><p>　　More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it was up

9、to the application. In fact the number of single-chip is the world's largest computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, te

10、lephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chip. And personal computers also </p><p>　　H

11、ardwave introduction</p><p>　　The 8051 family of micro controllers is based on an architecture which is highly optimized for embedded control systems. It is used in a wide variety of applications from milita

12、ry equipment to automobiles to the keyboard on your PC. Second only to the Motorola 68HC11 in eight bit processors sales, the 8051 family of microcontrollers is available in a wide array of variations from manufacturers

13、such as Intel, Philips, and Siemens. These manufacturers have added numerous features and peripherals t</p><p>　　The basic architecture consists of the following features: </p><p>　　· an e

14、ight bit ALU</p><p>　　· 32 descrete I/O pins (4 groups of 8) which can be individually accessed</p><p>　　· two 16 bit timer/counters</p><p>　　· full duplex UART<

15、;/p><p>　　· 6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels</p><p>　　· 128 bytes of on board RAM</p><p>　　· separate 64K byte address spaces for DATA and CODE memory</p

16、><p>　　One 8051 processor cycle consists of twelve oscillator periods. Each of the twelve oscillator periods is used for a special function by the 8051 core such as op code fetches and samples of the interrupt

17、daisy chain for pending interrupts. The time required for any 8051 instruction can be computed by dividing the clock frequency by 12, inverting that result and multiplying it by the number of processor cycles required by

18、 the instruction in question. Therefore, if you have a system which is using </p><p><b>　　單片機原理</b></p><p>　　單片機是指一個集成在一塊芯片上的完整計算機系統(tǒng)。盡管他的大部分功能集成在一塊小芯片上，但是它具有一個完整計算機所需要的大部分部件：CPU、內(nèi)存、內(nèi)

19、部和外部總線系統(tǒng)，目前大部分還會具有外存。同時集成諸如通訊接口、定時器，實時時鐘等外圍設備。而現(xiàn)在最強大的單片機系統(tǒng)甚至可以將聲音、圖像、網(wǎng)絡、復雜的輸入輸出系統(tǒng)集成在一塊芯片上。</p><p>　　單片機也被稱為微控制器（Microcontroller），是因為它最早被用在工業(yè)控制領域。單片機由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)展而來。最早的設計理念是通過將大量外圍設備和CPU集成在一個芯片中，使計算機系統(tǒng)更小，

20、更容易集成進復雜的而對體積要求嚴格的控制設備當中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設計出的處理器，從此以后，單片機和專用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚鑣。</p><p>　　早期的單片機都是8位或4位的。其中最成功的是INTEL的8031，因為簡單可靠而性能不錯獲得了很大的好評。此后在8031上發(fā)展出了MCS51系列單片機系統(tǒng)。基于這一系統(tǒng)的單片機系統(tǒng)直到現(xiàn)在還在廣泛使用。隨著工業(yè)控制領域要求的提高，開始出現(xiàn)了16位

21、單片機，但因為性價比不理想并未得到很廣泛的應用。90年代后隨著消費電子產(chǎn)品大發(fā)展，單片機技術得到了巨大的提高。隨著INTEL i960系列特別是后來的ARM系列的廣泛應用，32位單片機迅速取代16位單片機的高端地位，并且進入主流市場。而傳統(tǒng)的8位單片機的性能也得到了飛速提高，處理能力比起80年代提高了數(shù)百倍。目前，高端的32位單片機主頻已經(jīng)超過300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的專用處理器，而普通的型號出廠價格跌落至1美元，最高端的型號

22、也只有10美元。當代單片機系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不再只在裸機環(huán)境下開發(fā)和使用，大量專用的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)被廣泛應用在全系列的單片機上。而在作為掌上電腦和手機核心處理的高端單片機甚至可以直接使用專用的Windows和Linux操作系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　單片機比專用處理器更適合應用于嵌入式系統(tǒng)，因此它得到了最多的應用。事實上單片機是世界上數(shù)量最多的計算機?，F(xiàn)代人類生活中所用的幾乎每件電子和機械產(chǎn)品中都會集成有單片機。手機、電話

23、、計算器、家用電器、電子玩具、掌上電腦以及鼠標等電腦配件中都配有1-2部單片機。而個人電腦中也會有為數(shù)不少的單片機在工作。汽車上一般配備40多部單片機，復雜的工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)上甚至可能有數(shù)百臺單片機在同時工作！單片機的數(shù)量不僅遠超過PC機和其他計算的綜合，甚至比人類的數(shù)量還要多。 </p><p><b>　　單片機硬件介紹：</b></p><p>　　8051系列微控

24、制器是建立在一個高度優(yōu)化的嵌入式控制系統(tǒng)的結構上。它的運用范圍比較廣，從軍事裝備到汽車再到你的PC機的鍵盤。僅次于摩托羅拉68HC11在8位處理器銷售，8051家庭的微控制器, 在制造商上有各種各樣的變化,如因特爾公司、西門子、飛利浦。這些廠家已經(jīng)增加了許多功能及外設，如總線接口,模擬到數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器,看門狗定時器、脈沖寬度調(diào)制的輸出。8051的變化,達到40MHz時鐘頻率下降到150伏電壓條件是可得到的。這種廣泛的部分基于一個核心使805

25、1系列的一個很好的選擇作為基礎架構的一個公司產(chǎn)品,因為它可以執(zhí)行許多功能和開發(fā)者只會有這樣的一個平臺。</p><p>　　基本結構由以下特點:</p><p>　　一個8為的算術邏輯單元</p><p>　　32個離散輸入輸出端口（4組8位）可單獨訪問</p><p>　　二16位?定時器/計數(shù)器</p><p>　

26、　全雙工通用異步接收/發(fā)送裝置</p><p>　　6個中斷源與2個優(yōu)先級別</p><p>　　128字節(jié)的隨機存儲器</p><p>　　64K分開字節(jié)地址空間的數(shù)據(jù)和代碼的記憶</p><p>　　一個數(shù)字處理器周期共有十二振蕩器的時期。他本是十二門徒里的每一個階段是用于振蕩器的特殊功能的核心,如鳳凰社代碼的數(shù)字和樣品中的全部中斷菊花鏈