外文翻譯---氧化溝工藝在污水處理中的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　外 文 翻 譯</b></p><p><b>　?。?012屆）</b></p><p>　　氧化溝工藝在污水處理中的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展</p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名 周 同 學(xué)</p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào) 08083137</p>&

2、lt;p>　　學(xué) 院 生命科學(xué)學(xué)院</p><p>　　專業(yè)班級(jí) 環(huán)境科學(xué) 081</p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師 黃** 教授</p><p>　　填寫日期 2011年12月20日</p><p>　　氧化溝工藝在污水處理中的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展</p><p>　　蔡智君佛山市順

3、德區(qū)亮科環(huán)保工程有限公司 廣東 佛山 52800</p><p>　　摘要： 本文主要闡述了Carrousel氧化溝的結(jié)構(gòu)、工藝機(jī)理、運(yùn)行過程中存在的問題和相應(yīng)的解決方法。最后，介紹了Carrousel氧化溝的最新的研究進(jìn)展并指出了未來的主要研究方向。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： Carrousel 氧化溝 除磷脫氮 結(jié)構(gòu) 機(jī)理</p><p><b&g

4、t;　　1. 前言</b></p><p>　　氧化溝（oxidation ditch）又名連續(xù)循環(huán)曝氣池（Continuous loop reactor），是活性污泥法的一種變形。氧化溝污水處理工藝是在20世紀(jì)50年代由荷蘭衛(wèi)生工程研究所研制成功的。自從1954年在荷蘭的首次投入使用以來。由于其出水水質(zhì)好、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、管理方便等技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)在國內(nèi)外廣泛的應(yīng)用于生活污水和工業(yè)污水的治理[1]。<

5、/p><p>　　目前應(yīng)用較為廣泛的氧化溝類型包括：帕斯韋爾（Pasveer）氧化溝、卡魯塞爾（Carrousel）氧化溝 、奧爾伯（Orbal）氧化溝、T型氧化溝（三溝式氧化溝）、DE型氧化溝和一體化氧化溝。這些氧化溝由于在結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行上存在差異，因此各具特點(diǎn)[2]。本文將主要介紹Carrousel氧化溝的結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)理、存在的問題及其最新發(fā)展。</p><p>　　2. Carrousel氧化溝

6、的結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　Carrousel氧化溝是1967年由荷蘭的DHV公司開發(fā)研制。在原Carrousel氧化溝的基礎(chǔ)上DHV公司和其在美國的專利特許公司EIMCO又發(fā)明了Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了更高要求的生物脫氮和除磷功能。至今世界上已有850多座Carrousel氧化溝和Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)正在運(yùn)行[3]。</p><p>　　Carrousel氧化

7、溝使用定向控制的曝氣和攪動(dòng)裝置，向混合液傳遞水平速度，從而使被攪動(dòng)的混合液在氧化溝閉合渠道內(nèi)循環(huán)流動(dòng)。因此氧化溝具有特殊的水力學(xué)流態(tài)，既有完全混合式反應(yīng)器的特點(diǎn)，又有推流式反應(yīng)器的特點(diǎn)，溝內(nèi)存在明顯的溶解氧濃度梯度。氧化溝斷面為矩形或梯形，平面形狀多為橢圓形，溝內(nèi)水深一般為2.5～4.5ｍ，寬深比為2:1，亦有水深達(dá)7m的，溝中水流平均速度為0.3m/s。氧化溝曝氣混合設(shè)備有表面曝氣機(jī)、曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷或轉(zhuǎn)盤、射流曝氣器、導(dǎo)管式曝氣器和提升管式

8、曝氣機(jī)等，近年來配合使用的還有水下推動(dòng)器[4~6]。</p><p>　　3. Carrousel氧化溝的機(jī)理</p><p>　　3.1 Carrousel氧化溝處理污水的原理</p><p>　　最初的普通Carrousel氧化溝的工藝中污水直接與回流污泥一起進(jìn)入氧化溝系統(tǒng)。表面曝氣機(jī)使混合液中溶解氧DO的濃度增加到大約2～3mg/L。在這種充分摻氧的條件下，微

9、生物得到足夠的溶解氧來去除BOD；同時(shí)，氨也被氧化成硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽，此時(shí)，混合液處于有氧狀態(tài)。在曝氣機(jī)下游，水流由曝氣區(qū)的湍流狀態(tài)變成之后的平流狀態(tài)，水流維持在最小流速，保證活性污泥處于懸浮狀態(tài)（平均流速>0.3m/s）。微生物的氧化過程消耗了水中溶解氧，直到DO值降為零，混合液呈缺氧狀態(tài)。經(jīng)過缺氧區(qū)的反硝化作用，混合液進(jìn)入有氧區(qū)，完成一次循環(huán)。該系統(tǒng)中，BOD降解是一個(gè)連續(xù)過程，硝化作用和反硝化作用發(fā)生在同一池中。由于結(jié)構(gòu)的限

10、制，這種氧化溝雖然可以有效的去處BOD，但除磷脫氮的能力有限[7]。</p><p>　　3.2 Carrousel氧化溝除磷脫氮的影響因素</p><p>　　影響Carrousel氧化溝除磷的因素主要是污泥齡、硝酸鹽濃度及基質(zhì)濃度。研究表明，當(dāng)總污泥齡為8~10d時(shí)活性污泥中的最大磷含量為其干污泥量的4%，為異養(yǎng)菌體質(zhì)量的11%，但當(dāng)污泥齡超過15d時(shí)污泥中最大含磷量明顯下降，反而達(dá)不

11、到最大除磷效果。因此，一味延長(zhǎng)污泥齡（例如20d、25d、30d）是沒有必要的，宜在8~15d范圍內(nèi)選用。同時(shí)，高硝酸鹽濃度和低基質(zhì)濃度不利于除磷過程。</p><p>　　4. Carrousel氧化溝存在的問題及解決方法</p><p>　　盡管Carrousel氧化溝具有出水水質(zhì)好、抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)、除磷脫氮效率高、污泥易穩(wěn)定、能耗省、便于自動(dòng)化控制等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是，在實(shí)際的運(yùn)行過程中，

12、仍存在一系列的問題。</p><p>　　4.1 污泥膨脹問題</p><p>　　當(dāng)廢水中的碳水化合物較多，N、P含量不平衡，pH值偏低，氧化溝中污泥負(fù)荷過高，溶解氧濃度不足，排泥不暢等易引發(fā)絲狀菌性污泥膨脹；非絲狀菌性污泥膨脹主要發(fā)生在廢水水溫較低而污泥負(fù)荷較高時(shí)。微生物的負(fù)荷高，細(xì)菌吸取了大量營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，由于溫度低，代謝速度較慢，積貯起大量高粘性的多糖類物質(zhì)，使活性污泥的表面附著水大大

13、增加，SVI值很高，形成污泥膨脹。</p><p>　　針對(duì)污泥膨脹的起因，可采取不同對(duì)策：由缺氧、水溫高造成的，可加大曝氣量或降低進(jìn)水量以減輕負(fù)荷，或適當(dāng)降低MLSS（控制污泥回流量），使需氧量減少；如污泥負(fù)荷過高，可提高M(jìn)LSS，以調(diào)整負(fù)荷，必要時(shí)可停止進(jìn)水，悶曝一段時(shí)間；可通過投加氮肥、磷肥，調(diào)整混合液中的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)平衡（BOD5：N：P=100：5：1）；pH值過低，可投加石灰調(diào)節(jié)；漂白粉和液氯（按干污泥的

14、0.3%~0.6%投加），能抑制絲狀菌繁殖，控制結(jié)合水性污泥膨脹[11]。</p><p><b>　　4.2 泡沫問題</b></p><p>　　由于進(jìn)水中帶有大量油脂，處理系統(tǒng)不能完全有效地將其除去，部分油脂富集于污泥中，經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)刷充氧攪拌，產(chǎn)生大量泡沫；泥齡偏長(zhǎng)，污泥老化，也易產(chǎn)生泡沫。用表面噴淋水或除沫劑去除泡沫，常用除沫劑有機(jī)油、煤油、硅油，投量為0.5~1.

15、5mg/L。通過增加曝氣池污泥濃度或適當(dāng)減小曝氣量，也能有效控制泡沫產(chǎn)生。當(dāng)廢水中含表面活性物質(zhì)較多時(shí)，易預(yù)先用泡沫分離法或其他方法去除。另外也可考慮增設(shè)一套除油裝置。但最重要的是要加強(qiáng)水源管理，減少含油過高廢水及其它有毒廢水的進(jìn)入[12]。</p><p>　　4.3 污泥上浮問題</p><p>　　當(dāng)廢水中含油量過大，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)泥質(zhì)變輕，在操作過程中不能很好控制其在二沉池的停留時(shí)間，易

16、造成缺氧，產(chǎn)生腐化污泥上??；當(dāng)曝氣時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)，在池中發(fā)生高度硝化作用，使硝酸鹽濃度高，在二沉池易發(fā)生反硝化作用，產(chǎn)生氮?dú)?，使污泥上?。涣硗?，廢水中含油量過大，污泥可能挾油上浮。</p><p>　　發(fā)生污泥上浮后應(yīng)暫停進(jìn)水，打碎或清除污泥，判明原因，調(diào)整操作。污泥沉降性差，可投加混凝劑或惰性物質(zhì)，改善沉淀性；如進(jìn)水負(fù)荷大應(yīng)減小進(jìn)水量或加大回流量；如污泥顆粒細(xì)小可降低曝氣機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速；如發(fā)現(xiàn)反硝化，應(yīng)減小曝氣量，增大回流或

17、排泥量；如發(fā)現(xiàn)污泥腐化，應(yīng)加大曝氣量，清除積泥，并設(shè)法改善池內(nèi)水力條件[12]。</p><p>　　4.4 流速不均及污泥沉積問題</p><p>　　在Carrousel氧化溝中，為了獲得其獨(dú)特的混合和處理效果，混合液必須以一定的流速在溝內(nèi)循環(huán)流動(dòng)。一般認(rèn)為，最低流速應(yīng)為0.15m/s，不發(fā)生沉積的平均流速應(yīng)達(dá)到0.3~0.5m/s。氧化溝的曝氣設(shè)備一般為曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷和曝氣轉(zhuǎn)盤，轉(zhuǎn)刷的浸沒

18、深度為250~300mm，轉(zhuǎn)盤的浸沒深度為480~ 530mm。與氧化溝水深（3.0~3.6m）相比，轉(zhuǎn)刷只占了水深的1/10~1/12，轉(zhuǎn)盤也只占了1/6~1/7，因此造成氧化溝上部流速較大（約為0.8~1.2m，甚至更大），而底部流速很?。ㄌ貏e是在水深的2/3或3/4以下，混合液幾乎沒有流速），致使溝底大量積泥（有時(shí)積泥厚度達(dá)1.0m），大大減少了氧化溝的有效容積，降低了處理效果，影響了出水水質(zhì)。</p><p&

19、gt;　　加裝上、下游導(dǎo)流板是改善流速分布、提高充氧能力的有效方法和最方便的措施。上游導(dǎo)流板安裝在距轉(zhuǎn)盤（轉(zhuǎn)刷）軸心4.0處（上游），導(dǎo)流板高度為水深的1/5~1/6，并垂直于水面安裝；下游導(dǎo)流板安裝在距轉(zhuǎn)盤（轉(zhuǎn)刷）軸心3.0m處。導(dǎo)流板的材料可以用金屬或玻璃鋼，但以玻璃鋼為佳。導(dǎo)流板與其他改善措施相比，不僅不會(huì)增加動(dòng)力消耗和運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)成本，而且還能夠較大幅度地提高充氧能力和理論動(dòng)力效率[13]。</p><p>　　

20、另外，通過在曝氣機(jī)上游設(shè)置水下推動(dòng)器也可以對(duì)曝氣轉(zhuǎn)刷底部低速區(qū)的混合液循環(huán)流動(dòng)起到積極推動(dòng)作用，從而解決氧化溝底部流速低、污泥沉積的問題。設(shè)置水下推動(dòng)器專門用于推動(dòng)混合液可以使氧化溝的運(yùn)行方式更加靈活，這對(duì)于節(jié)約能源、提高效率具有十分重要的意義[14]。</p><p>　　5. Carrousel氧化溝的發(fā)展</p><p>　　由于污水處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)除磷脫氮的要求越來越嚴(yán)格，Carrou

21、sel氧化溝也得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。目前，研究及應(yīng)用較多的包括以下兩種類型：微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)、Carrousel 3000系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　5.1 微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)采用微孔曝氣（供氧設(shè)備為鼓風(fēng)機(jī)），微孔曝氣器可產(chǎn)生大量直徑為1mm左右的微小氣泡，這大大提高了氣泡的表面

22、積，使得在池容積一定的情況下氧轉(zhuǎn)移總量增大（如池深增加則其傳質(zhì)效率將更高）。根據(jù)目前鼓風(fēng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家的技術(shù)能力，池的有效水深最大可達(dá)8m，因此可根據(jù)不同的工藝要求選取合適的水深。傳統(tǒng)氧化溝的推流是利用轉(zhuǎn)刷、轉(zhuǎn)碟或倒傘型表曝機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其設(shè)備利用率低、動(dòng)力消耗大。微孔曝氣型Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)則采用了水下推流的方式，即把潛水推進(jìn)器葉輪產(chǎn)生的推動(dòng)力直接作用于水體，在起推流作用的同時(shí)又可有效防止污泥的沉降。因而，采用潛水推進(jìn)器既降低了

23、動(dòng)力消耗，又使泥水得到了充分地混合。</p><p>　　5.2 Carrousel 3000系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　Carrousel 3000系統(tǒng)是在Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)前再加上一個(gè)生物選擇區(qū)。該生物選擇區(qū)是利用高有機(jī)負(fù)荷篩選菌種，抑制絲狀菌的增長(zhǎng)，提高各污染物的去除率，其后的工藝原理同Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　Car

24、rousel 3000系統(tǒng)的較大提高表現(xiàn)在：一是增加了池深，可達(dá)7.5~8m，同心圓式，池壁共用，減少了占地面積，降低造價(jià)同時(shí)提高了耐低溫能力（可達(dá)7℃）；二是曝氣設(shè)備的巧妙設(shè)計(jì)，表曝機(jī)下安裝導(dǎo)流筒，抽吸缺氧的混合液，采用水下推進(jìn)器解決流速問題；三是使用了先進(jìn)的曝氣控制器QUTE（它采用一種多變量控制模式）。四是采用一體化設(shè)計(jì)，從中心開始，包括以下環(huán)狀連續(xù)工藝單元：進(jìn)水井和用于回流活性污泥的分水器；分別由四部分組成的選擇池和厭氧池。這之

25、外是有三個(gè)曝氣器和一個(gè)預(yù)反硝化池的Carrousel 2000系統(tǒng)（如圖2 所示）。五是圓形一體化的設(shè)計(jì)使得氧化溝不需額外的管線，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)回流污泥在不同工藝單元間的分配[17]。</p><p><b>　　6. 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　Carrousel氧化溝由于具有良好的出磷脫氮能力、抗沖擊負(fù)荷能力和運(yùn)行管理方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。但由于科技的

26、發(fā)展和社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，該工藝必將得到進(jìn)一步的提高。作者認(rèn)為：Carrousel氧化溝的未來研究方向?qū)⒅饕w現(xiàn)在以下幾方面。</p><p>　　1 結(jié)合生物膜法，研究和開發(fā)生物模型Carrousel氧化溝。這樣不僅可以提高單位反應(yīng)器的微生物總量，從而提高有機(jī)負(fù)荷，而且生物膜本身具有的內(nèi)置A/O系統(tǒng)強(qiáng)化了脫氮效果[18]。</p><p>　　2 不斷提高Carrousel氧化溝中微生物的活性。

27、例如在氧化溝中投加EM專一菌種、投入鐵鹽使微生物馴化成生物鐵、投入活性炭增強(qiáng)菌膠團(tuán)的形成并提高耐毒性沖擊等。</p><p>　　3 提高Carrousel氧化溝設(shè)備性能和監(jiān)控技術(shù)。提高表曝機(jī)、水下推進(jìn)器的性能，減少維修工作量；利用DO、ORP等多目標(biāo)監(jiān)控技術(shù)及變頻技術(shù)是今后Carrousel氧化溝科學(xué)運(yùn)行的必由之路。</p><p>　　4 提高Carrousel氧化溝的耐寒、耐毒性能，

28、減少占地面積和工程造價(jià)。膜理論的應(yīng)用、深池水力條件和工藝性能的研究為降低工程造價(jià)、提高耐寒耐毒性能等提供了可能的方向。</p><p><b>　　7．參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1] Xia Shibin, Liu Junxin. An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle

29、for domestic wastewater treatment. Process Biochemistry, 2004, 39(4):1111~1117.</p><p>　　[2] X, Hao; Doddema, H. J.; van Groenestijn, J. W. Use of contact tank to enhance denitrification in oxidation ditches

30、. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(1-2):195~202.</p><p>　　[3] 汪大，雷樂成。水處理新技術(shù)及工程設(shè)計(jì)[M]。北京化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2000。</p><p>　　[4] 李正明。導(dǎo)管式氧化溝設(shè)計(jì)介紹?；そo排水設(shè)計(jì)，1997，2：16~18。</p><p>　　[5] 朱謀溪。自吸式射流曝氣器

31、在中小型氧化溝中的應(yīng)用。給水排水，1999，25(8)：13~18。　　　</p><p>　　[6] Dudley, J. Process testing of aerators in oxidation ditches. Water Research, 1995,29(9):2217~2219.</p><p>　　[7] Stamou, Anastasios T. Modeli

32、ng of oxidation ditches using an open channel flow 1-D advection dispersion equation and ASMI process description. Water Science and Technology, 1997,36(5):269~276. [8] Abusam, A.; Keesman, K.J.; van Straten, G. Forward

33、and backward uncertainty propagation: an oxidation ditch modelling example. Water Research, 2003,37(2):429~435.</p><p>　　[9] 施成忠。昆明第一污水廠氧化溝工藝運(yùn)行實(shí)踐及分析。中國給水排水，1997，13(3)：17~19。</p><p>　　[10] 張華。氧化溝

34、工藝處理低濃度城市污水的研究。廣西土木建筑，1998，23(4)：183~187。</p><p>　　[11] 潘玲，徐得潛，張樂英。氧化溝活性污泥膨脹原因及控制措施。工業(yè)用水與廢水，2003，34(6)：49~52。</p><p>　　[12] 吳昊，劉慶臣，李強(qiáng)利等。氧化溝工藝運(yùn)行中常見問題與解決方法。給水排水，2002，28(5)：26~29。</p><p&

35、gt;　　[13] 曹瑞鈺，付見中。改善氧化溝流速分布的措施　　　　中國給水排水，2001，17(2)：16~18。</p><p>　　[14] 李偉民，鄧榮森，王濤等。水下推動(dòng)器對(duì)氧化溝混合液的循環(huán)作用。中國給水排水，203，19(9)：45~47。</p><p>　　[15] 黃伏根，朱炳林。微孔曝氣、Carrousel-2000型氧化溝工藝處理城市污水。冶金礦山設(shè)計(jì)與建設(shè)，200

36、0，32(6)：23~27。</p><p>　　[16] 黃祖安。氧化溝脫氮除磷工藝的運(yùn)行控制。中國給水排水，2003，19(12)：101~102。</p><p>　　[17] 白曉慧，王寶貞。一種新型的Carrousel氧化溝。給水排水，1999，25(3)：27~30。</p><p>　　[18] Gillot, S.; Héduit, A.

37、Effect of air flow rate on oxygen transfer in an oxidation ditch equipped with fine bubble diffusers and slow speed mixers. Water Research, 2000,34(5):1756~1762.</p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p>&

38、lt;p>　　Oxidize the ditch craft in dirty water handle of application and development </p><p>　　CaiZhi一jun</p><p>　　(Foshan City Shunde District Environmental EngineeringBranch Foshan Guangdong

39、 528000)</p><p>　　【Abstract】Setanaerobic, naoxic section Carrous oxidation ditch with biologicla nitrogen and phosphoru sremoval capabilitie, is curren dythe mainstream of city life process of sewage treatme

40、nt, This article descirbes the structure of Carrousel oxidation ditch, porcess and design problems during the oper-ation and the corresponding solutions．</p><p>　　【Keywords】Carrousel；Oxidationditch；Phosphoru

41、snadnitrogenremoval；Structure；Mechanism</p><p>　　1. Foreword </p><p>　　Oxidize the ditch( oxidation ditch) again a continuous circulation spirit pond( Continuous loop reactor), is a live and dir

42、ty mire method a kind of to transform.Oxidizing the dirty water in ditch handles the craft be researched to manufacture by the hygiene engineering graduateschool of Holland in the 50'sof20centuriessuccess.Since in &l

43、t;/p><p>　　1954 at Dutch throw in the usage for the velY first nme.secause its a water fluid matter good, circulate the stability and manage convenience etc. technique characteristics, already at domestic and i

44、nternational and extensive application in live the dirty water to is dirty to manage aquecustv with the industlYli). </p><p>　　Current application than oxidize extensively the ditch type include:The ( Pasvee

45、r) oxidizes the ditch, the (Carrousel) oxidizes the ditch, ( Orbal) oxidizes the ditch, the type of T oxidizes the ditch( three ditch types oxidize the ditch), the type of DE oxidizes the ditch to turn to oxidize the dit

46、ch with the Integral whore.these oxidize the ditch because of the difference of esse in construction with circulating, therefore each characteristics[2].This text will introduce construction, mechanis</p><p>

47、;　　2. The Carrousel oxidizes the construction of the ditch </p><p>　　The Carrousel Oxidize the ditch to be researched to manufacture by Dutch DHV company development in 1967.0xidize the last the companyofDHV

48、infou ndationoftheditchin theoriginal Carrousel to permited specially the company EIMCO to invent again with its patent in the United States Carrousel 2000 system realizes the living creature of the higher request takes

49、off the nitrogen with dividedbythefunctionof.Therehasbeen in the world up to now more than 850 Carrousels oxidize the ditch with the Carrousel</p><p>　　From diagram therefore, the Carrousel oxidizes the ditc

50、h the usage the spirit of that definite direction control with shake up the device, face to mix with the liquid deliver the level speed, from but make drive the liquid of admixture that shake up is in oxidize ditch shut

51、match outlet circulate nowrnererore oxidize the ditch have the special hydraulics flows the ,current complete mix with the characteristics of the type reactor, have the characteristics that push the flow type reactor aga

52、in, t</p><p>　　3. The Carrousel oxidizes the mechanism of the ditch </p><p>　　3.1 The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch handles dirty and aqueous principle </p><p>　　The at the beginning

53、 common Carrousel oxidizes the dirty water In inside In craft of the ditch direct with dirty mire In reflux together enteroxidize theditch system.The surface spiritmachinemakesfuse In the liquid of admixture the density

54、of the oxygen DO increases about 2 the 3 mgsl t.uncer this kind of well the term of the oxygen, the microorganism gets the enough deliquescence oxygen comes and go to divided by the BOD;At the same time, the ammonia were

55、 too oxidized nitrate with second nitrat</p><p>　　3.2 The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch divideds by the phosphorus takes off the nitrogenous influence factor. </p><p>　　Affecting the Carrousel ox

56、idizes the ditch divideds by the phosphoric factor is dirty mire, nitrate density and quality densities primarily.The research expresses, being total and dirty mire as 11% that a hour biggest phosphorus 4% with deal is i

57、ts fuck dirty mire deal within live and dirty mire, keep for the the germ physical endowment measures, but when dirty mire over 15 d hour dirty mire the Inside is biggesttocontain theobviousdescentindealIn phosphorus,can

58、ning not reach the biggest divided</p><p>　　4. The Carrousel oxidizes problem and solution methods of the ditch esse. </p><p>　　Though the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch has a water fluid matter g

59、ood, the anti-pounds at the burthen ability strong, divided by the phosphorus take off the nitrogen efficiency. But, in physically of movement process, still exstts a series of problem. </p><p>　　4.1 Dirty m

60、ire inflation problem </p><p>　　When discard the aquatic carbohydrate more, the N, P contains the unbalance of deal, the pH value is low, oxidizing the dirty mire in inside in ditch carries high, fuse the ox

61、ygen density the shortage, line up the mire not etc. causes easily dirty mire in germ in form in silk inflatlon;Not the dirty mire in germ in form in silk inflation takes place primarily at the waste water water temperat

62、ure is lower but the dirty mire carries higher hour.The microbial burthen is high, the germs absorbed the</p><p>　　Cause that aim at the dirty mire inflation, can adopt the different counterplan:From the ano

63、xia, water temperature high result in of, can enlargement tolerance or lower into the water measures to alleviate burthen, or the adequacy lowers the MLSS( control dirty mire reflux measure), making need the oxygen measu

64、res decrease.It the dirty mirecarrieshigh, can increaseMLSS, toadjusttheburthen, necessity </p><p>　　4.2 Foam problem </p><p>　　Becauseentering totakethe greaseoflarge quantityinthewater, handli

65、ng system can't completely and availably its obviation, parts of greases enriches to gather in in the dirty mire, through turn to brush the oxygen agitation, creation large quantity foam;The mire is partial to long,

66、the dirty mire is aging, and also easy creation toam.Sprav topourthewaterordivided bywiththesurfacetheof do away with the foam, in common use divided by the an organism oil, kerosene, the oil of stncon, throw deal as 0&l

67、t;/p><p>　　with the foam easily and in advance method or other methods do away with.Also can consider to increase to establish a set of dlvideding by the oil device moreover.But enhance most importantly the hea

68、dwaters manage, reducing to contain the oil over the high waste water and other poisonous waste water of into[llJ. </p><p>　　4.3 Float the problem on the dirty mire </p><p>　　When contain in the

69、 waste water the oil measures big, whole system mire quality become light, can't like to control very much in operate process its at two sink the pond stop over time, resulting in the anoxia easily, producing the cor

70、rupt and dirty mire ascend to float;When spirit time over long, take place in pond the high degree nitric turn the function, making nitrate density high, at two sink the versa nitric in easy occurrence in pond turn the f

71、unction, creation nitrogen spirit, make dirty</p><p>　　Take place thedirtymire ascendafterfloating should pauseenter water, broke off or dirty mire in clearance, judge the clear reason, adjust the operation.

72、The dirty mire sinks to decline the sex bad, can throw to add of oagulate or sloth materials, the improvement precipitates the sex;Suchas enterthe watercarries big let upintothe water measures or the enlargement reflux m

73、easures.Sucn as the dirty mire grain small lower the spirit machine turn soon.If discovers versanitricturning,shouldletup thetol</p><p>　　4.4 Current velocity is not all and the dirty mire sinks to accumulat

74、e the problem </p><p>　　In Carrousel oxidize ditch, for acquiring its special admixture with handles result, mix with liquid must with certain current velocity is in ditch circulate flow.Think generally, the

75、 lowest current velocity should should attain for an average current velocity for, doing not take place sinking acccmutetmq 0.3~0.5 msl s.The spirit equipments that oxidize the ditch is general to turn to brush for the s

76、pirit of to turn the dish with the spirit of , turning to brush of immerse to have no depth for 2</p><p>　　Moreover, pass in the spirit on board swim to establish the underwater push machine can also turn to

77、 the spirit of the liquid of admixture that brush the bottom low speed area circulates to flow to rise positive push function, from but the solution oxidizes the problem that low and dirty mire in current velocity in bot

78、tom in ditch sink accumulates,Establish the underwater push machine useds for exclusivelythe push mixs withtheliquidcan make movementmethod that oxidize the ditch much more vivid, </p><p>　　5. The Carrousel

79、oxidizes the development of the ditch </p><p>　　Because the dirty water handles standard inside to divided by the phosphorus take off the nitrogenous request more and more strict, the development that Carrou

80、sel further oxidized the ditch to also get.Current, the research and application includes morely below two category type:Tiny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 systems, Carrousel 3000 system. </p><p>　　5.1 TIn

81、y bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 system </p><p>　　Tiny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 tiny bore in adoption in system spirit( provide oxygen equipments as the drum breeze machine), the tiny bore spirit mac

82、hine can produce the diameter of large quantity as a surface for or so and small spirit steeping, this consumedly increases spirit bubble accumulates, undering the certain circumstance in capacity in pond make the oxygen

83、 transfer the gross measures aggrandizement.( if deep increment in pond, its spread the quality efficiency will be higher)Pr</p><p>　　5.2 Carrousel 3000 system </p><p>　　Carrousel 3000 systems a

84、re in the Carrousel 2000 systems are ex-to plus a living creature the choice the area.That living creature choice area is a craft to make use of high organism carries to sieve germ grow, repress silk form germ increase,

85、increase each pollutant do away with the rate, afterward principle together Carrousel 2000 syste m. </p><p>　　Carrousel 3000 system of bigger increases to express at:An is to increased the pond deep, can amo

86、unt to 7.5"'8 ms, united at heart circle type, the pond wall uses totally, reducing to cover the area, lowering to build the price to increases to bear the low temperature ability at the same time;( can amount t

87、o 7 'C )Two is the liquid of admixture that spirit equipments that skillful design, the form machine descends to install to lead to flow ,the anoxia of take out, adopt the underwater propeller</p><p>　　6

88、. Conclusion </p><p>　　The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch because of having the good a phosphorus takes off the nitrogen ability, anti-pounds at the burthen ability with circulate to manage the convenience etc

89、. the advantage, having got the extensive application.But because of technological development with social advance, that craft is necessarily will exaltation getting further.The author thinks:The carrousel oxidizes the f

90、uture research direction of the ditch will now of main below several aspects. </p><p>　　1 Combination living creature method, research with develop the living creature model carrousel oxidize the crtcn.uke t

91、his can not only increases the microorganism gross of the unit reactor measures, from but increases the organism carries, but also living creature oneself the inside that have places the AI the system of 0 enhances to ta

92、ke off the nitrogen result[IBl. </p><p>　　2 Increases continuously the Carrousel oxidize the microbial activity in Inside in crtcn.scr example throw to add the EM in oxidize ditch with single mind the germ g

93、row, throws in that the salt of Iron make the microorganism tame the live char in iron, devotion in living creature to become the torrnation to strengthen the germ gum regiment and increases to bear the toxicity pound at

94、 etc.. </p><p>　　3 Increasing the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch equtpments function with supervise and control the technique.Function that increases form machine, underwater propeller, reduce to maintain the

95、workload; Making use of DO, etc. of ORP many targets supervises and control the technique and changes the technique of is from now on the carrouseloxidizes ditchsciencecirculatenecessarilyfromitroad. </p><p>

96、;　　4 Increasing the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch resistant to cold and bear toxicity can, reduce to cover the area to build the price with the engineering.Theoretical application, deep pond in water power term with the r

97、esearch of the craft function is to lowers the engineering builds the price and increases resistant to cold bear the toxicity can wait to provide the possible direction.</p><p>　　7.References</p><

98、p>　　[1] Xia Shibin, Liu Junxin. An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle for domestic wastewater treatment. Process Biochemistry, 2004, 39(4):1117</p><p>　　[2] X, Hao; Doddema, H. J.;

99、 van Groenestijn, J. W. Use of contact tank to enhance denitrification in oxidation ditches. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(1-2):195~202.1~1117.</p><p>　　[3] 汪大，雷樂成。水處理新技術(shù)及工程設(shè)計(jì)[M]。北京化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2000。<

100、/p><p>　　[4] 李正明。導(dǎo)管式氧化溝設(shè)計(jì)介紹?；そo排水設(shè)計(jì)，1997，2：16~18。</p><p>　　[5] 朱謀溪。自吸式射流曝氣器在中小型氧化溝中的應(yīng)用。給水排水，1999，25(8)：13~18?！　　?lt;/p><p>　　[6] Dudley, J. Process testing of aerators in oxidation ditche