基于單片機速度里程表外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p><b>　　里程表與單片機</b></p><p>　　傳統的轉速表的功能有兩個，一是用指針指示汽車行駛的瞬時車速，二是用機械計數器記錄汽車行駛的累計里程。現代汽車正向高速化方向發(fā)展，隨著車速的提高，用軟軸驅動的傳統車速里程表受到很大的挑戰(zhàn)，這是因為軟軸在高速旋轉時，由于受鋼絲承受

2、能力極限的限制而容易斷裂，同時，軟軸布置過長會出現形變過大或運動遲緩等現象，而且，對于不同的車型，轉速里程表的安裝位置也會受到軟軸長度及彎曲度的限制。凡此種種，使得基于非接觸式轉速傳感器的電子式轉速里程表得以迅速發(fā)展。</p><p>　　現在的汽車儀表自動化程度很高，老式的機械軟軸傳動的儀表已經淘汰取代的是現在的液晶儀表盤，不可能再通過撥數碼輪調整里程表。司機又需要增加里程數時，用這種跑表器就可以很輕松地實現。

3、這種跑表器使用中規(guī)模集成電路設計而成，體積小巧，運行穩(wěn)定，適用于各種電子傳感器的汽車上使用。 這種小巧的儀器有著比其它同類產品明顯的優(yōu)點： 1、電路設計精湛，嚴密。使用了高性能的集成電路和電子元件，保證電路有高度的品質；使用最優(yōu)化的電路設計，考慮到盡可能多的不利的使用環(huán)境，使儀器能在電壓、溫度、濕度、灰塵污染等復雜的變化因素多的條件下都能穩(wěn)定工作。 2、可靠性好。為了提高電路工作的可靠性，不但元件經過精心篩選，而且經過2400個小時的烤

4、機試驗，它的外殼小巧，可以方便地裝在口袋中，隨時可以拿出來使用。 3、操作簡單，使用方便。只需要插到點煙器上，不用下車,一切OK。4、使用安全，放心。即使接反，也不會損壞儀器，更不會損壞車上任何東西. 5、速度可以調整。你可以把速度調整到最高，也可以調整到一個固定值，比如300邁. 依據車型不同，速度有所不同，可以通過調整儀器上速度旋鈕改變速度。</p><p>　　單片機AT89C2051以其低價、低功耗、可靠

5、性高和易于編程等特點著稱，X25045則是MCS－51系列單片機電路的一個輔助芯片，主要擔當復位、電壓檢測、看門狗和EEPROM功能，該芯片的采用大大提高了系統的可靠性，減少了外圍芯片數，可實現里程累計的掉電存儲。LCM1010為十位八段式帶背光液晶顯示模塊，采用三線串行接口，它具有功耗低和編程方便的特點。該顯示共分兩行顯示，第一行6位顯示累計里程，第二行4位（１位小數）用于顯示小計里程。Ｋ1為小計里程清零鍵，Ｒ４用于調節(jié)液晶顯示器的視

6、角對比度。芯片X25045是Xicor公司推出的帶有可編程μＰ 監(jiān)控器的CMOS串行EEPROM，帶有4096位，按512×8來組織。它具有4字節(jié)頁寫方式和10萬次使用周期，數據可保存100年。為了保證累計里程單元的個位或小計單元的小數位可靠刷新，當這些單元接近極限使用周期時，可采取換頁的辦法來使這些數據移動到新單元以繼續(xù)計數。 </p><p>　　霍爾傳感器具有許多優(yōu)點，它們的結構牢固，體積小，重量

7、輕，壽命長，安裝方便，功耗小，頻率高（可達1MHZ），耐震動，不怕灰塵、油污、水汽及鹽霧等的污染或腐蝕。 霍爾線性器件的精度高、線性度好；霍爾開關器件無觸點、無磨損、輸出波形清晰、無抖動、無回跳、位置重復精度高（可達μm級）。取用了各種補償和保護措施的霍爾器件的工作溫度范圍寬可達－55℃～150℃。</p><p>　　本設計以單片機AT89C2051來實現里程累計、小計、清零及存儲，并以LM1819集成電路驅動

8、十字線圈表頭，從而實現了車速的指示。再利用霍爾傳感器傳輸信號。實現該設計方案成本低、指針穩(wěn)定性好、響應速度快、抗震性強、可靠性和性價比都很高。經實際使用證明，該里程表完全可以取代傳統的以軟軸驅動的車速里程表。當然，這只是一種實現方案，也可以由單片機通過軟件來驅動十字線圈表頭，即由單片機分別控制表頭的正弦線圈和余弦線圈而省去LM1819集成電路。</p><p>　　單片機課程是已們實踐性很強的專業(yè)技術課程，初學者

9、只有通過大量的編程、實驗、調試、設計制作等一系列的實踐環(huán)節(jié)的訓練，才能真正理解單片機軟件及硬件設計和調試技巧，才能靈活的運用單片機的各條指令系統和各種開發(fā)調試工具，設計出高效、可靠、低功耗、體積更小的單片機應用系統，充分體現單片機的嵌入式應用特色。要進行單片機的開發(fā)、實驗及課程設計等，必須有一套軟硬件開發(fā)工具，這樣可以省下許多寶貴的時間及精力，提高工作效率。單片機是計算機家族的一個重要分支，它具有體積小、價格低、面向控制的特點，適用于各

10、種工業(yè)控制、儀器儀表裝置，在人類生產和生活的各個領域都有極為廣泛的應用。</p><p>　　近年來，微型計算機的發(fā)展速度足以讓人們驚嘆，以計算機為主導的信息技術作為一種新的生產力，正在向社會的各個領域滲透，也使機電一體化的進程大大加快。</p><p>　　機電一體化是當今制造技術和產品發(fā)展的主要傾向，也是我國機電工業(yè)發(fā)展的必由之路?？梢哉J為，它是用系統工程學的觀點和方法，研究在機電系統

11、和產品中如何將機械、計算機、信息處理和自動控制技術綜合應用，以求機電系統和產品達到最佳的組合。機電一體化產品所需要的是嵌入式微機，而單片機具有體積小、集成度高、功能強等特點，適于嵌入式應用。智能儀器、家用電器、數控機床、工業(yè)控制等機電設備和產品中竟相使用單片機。</p><p>　　就目前而言，單片機的發(fā)展勢頭依然不減，各種型號和功能更強的單片機和超級接口芯片不斷出現，進一步向高層次發(fā)展的重要標志就是構成多機系統

12、和分布式網絡。世界上單片機芯片的產量以每年27%的速度遞增，到本世紀初已達30億片，而我國的年需求量也超過了億片的數量，這表明單片機有著廣闊的應用前景。本課程主要針對目前我國早期應用比較廣泛的“MCS-51”單片機進行系統的講解和分析。為使用和開發(fā)各類機電一體化設備和儀表建立基礎。</p><p>　　關于轉速表的設計已經有很多可供參考,但大部分都是由機械式或模擬數字電路來實現的。 存在著體積大、精度低、不直觀、

13、功耗大、功能少，而且采樣時間長，難以測得瞬時轉速。 由于單片機具有體積小、控制功能強等特點,故它在控制方面得到了廣泛的應用。 我們所要設計的多功能轉速控制系統就是以單片機為核心來實現智能化儀表。它具有功能多,功耗小、直觀準確,可顯示時間、限速報警系統、打印、瞬間轉速等優(yōu)點。文中闡述了該類轉速表的光電傳感器工作原理、結構及轉速轉換電路的設計。本設計采用的譯碼器是MC14499，它是MOTOROLA公司的高集成度LED顯示驅動器，采用動態(tài)掃

14、描方式顯示驅動4個LED數碼管。它集鎖存、譯碼、驅動、掃描、時鐘于一體。</p><p>　　該設計能實時地將所測的速度顯示出來，同時也能夠累計顯示總里程數。該速度里程表能將傳感器輸入到單片機的脈沖信號的寬度（傳感器將車速轉變成相應寬度的脈沖信號）實時地測量出來，然后通過單片機計算出速度和里程，再將所得的數據存儲到串口數據存儲器，并由串口液晶顯示模塊實時顯示出所測速度。本設計用兩個按鍵來控制顯示速度或里程。考慮到

15、信號的衰減、干擾等影響，在信號送入單片機前應對其進行放大整形，然后再輸入到單片機進行測速。單片機利用定時器T0的控制功能測出輸入信號的周期后，再利用單片機的算術運算功能將周期轉換成速度，同時每秒鐘進行一次里程累計，從而計算出總里程。最后將得出的速度、里程值存儲在EEPROM中，并根據兩個按鍵的選擇情況來顯示速度或里程。為了方便計算要顯示數據值的段碼，可再將其轉換成壓縮的BCD碼，然后通過查表將要顯示的數據值中每一位的壓縮BCD碼轉換成8

16、段碼送到顯示緩沖區(qū)，最后經串口送至液晶顯示模塊以顯示所測的速度或里程。</p><p>　　設計時，應綜合考慮測速精度和系統反應時間。本設計用測量脈沖頻率來計算速度，因而具有較高的測速精度。為了保證系統的實時性，系統的速度轉換模塊和顯示數據轉BCD碼模塊都采用快速算法。另外，還應盡量保證其它子模塊在編程時的通用性和高效性。本設計的速度和里程值采用8位顯示，并包含兩個小數位。</p><p>

17、;　　綜上所述，本文介紹了一種基于單片機AT89C2051的速度里程表的設計方法。由于該方案中使用了串口段碼液晶顯示模塊EEPROM儲存器，因而節(jié)省了硬件資源，提高了系統性價比。同時，也有益于在此電路基礎上利用單片機的資源擴展其它功能。</p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　The odometer and MCU</p>&l

18、t;p>　　The traditional automobile rotational speed odometer's function has two; first, with indicator instruction automobile travel instantaneous vehicle speed; second, records the automobile travel with the mechan

19、ical counter the accumulation course. The modern automobile is developing to the high speed direction, along with the vehicle speed enhancement, the tradition speedometer which actuates with the flexible axle receives th

20、e unprecedented challenge, this is because of the flexible axle when high</p><p>　　Present's automobile measuring appliance automaticity is very high, what the old style mechanical flexible axle transmis

21、sion's measuring appliance already eliminated displaces is present's liquid crystal gauge board, is impossible through to dial the digital code wheel adjustment odometer again. When in the driver needs to increas

22、e the number of passes, runs the table with this kind to be possible very with ease to realize. This kind runs the table use medium scale integration design to become, </p><p>　　Monolithic integrated circuit

23、 AT89C2051 by its low price, the low power loss, the reliability high and easy to program and so on characteristics to be famous, X25045 is a MCS-51 series monolithic integrated circuit electric circuit's auxiliary c

24、hip, mainly takes on the replacement, the voltage examination, the watch-dog and the EEPROM function, this chip's use enhanced system's reliability greatly, reduced the periphery chip number, may realize the powe

25、r failure which the course accumulates to s</p><p>　　The Hall sensor has many merits, their structure is reliable, the volume is small, the weight is light, the life is long, the easy installation, the power

26、 loss is small, the frequency high (may reach 1MHZ), bears the vibration, does not fear the dust, the greasy dirt, the water vapor and the salt mist and so on pollution or the corrosion. The Hall linear unit's precis

27、ion is high, the linearity is good; The Hall switch component non-contact, does not have the attrition, the output wave shape clea</p><p>　　This design realizes the course by monolithic integrated circuit AT

28、89C2051 to accumulate, the sub-total, the reset and the memory, and actuates the cross coil meter by the LM1819 integrated circuit, thus has realized the vehicle speed instruction. Again using Hall sensor transmission si

29、gnal. Realizes this design proposal cost to be inexpensive, the indicator stability is good, the speed of response is quick, the anti-knocking property is strong, the reliability and the performance-to-price ratio</p&

30、gt;<p>　　The monolithic integrated circuit curriculum was already the practical very strong specialized technology curriculum, the beginner only then through the massive programming, the experiment, the debugging,

31、 the design manufacture and so on a series of practice link's training, could understand truly the monolithic integrated circuit software and the hardware design and the debugging skill, could the nimble utilization

32、monolithic integrated circuit's each command system and each kind of development</p><p>　　In recent years, microcomputer's development speed let the common people exclaim in surprise sufficiently tha

33、t took one kind of brand-new productive forces take the computer as the leading information technology, to society's each domain seepage, also made the integration of machinery the advancement to speed up greatly.<

34、;/p><p>　　The integration of machinery is now the technique of manufacture and the product development main trend, is also our country mechanical and electrical industrial development way that must be taken. Ma

35、y believe that it is with the system engineering viewpoint and the method, how studies in the mechanical and electrical system and the product the machinery, the computer, the information processing and the automatic con

36、trol technology synthesis application, in order to the mechanical and electrical</p><p>　　In the present case, monolithic integrated circuit's development momentum still does not reduce, each kind of mod

37、el and a function stronger monolithic integrated circuit and the super connection chip appear unceasingly, is further constitutes the multi-computer system and the distribution network to the top level development's

38、important symbol. In the world the monolithic integrated circuit chip's output by every year 27% speed increase, to had reached 3,000,000,000 pieces at the beginning of th</p><p>　　On the rotational spee

39、d table design has many available, but mostly by mechanical or simulated digital circuits to achieve. There are large in size, precision low, not visual, electronics large, less functional and sampling time, it is diffic

40、ult to detect instantaneous rotational speed. As the Micro Controller Unit with both small and control functions such strong characteristics, so it widely in control applications. We want multifunctional rotational speed

41、 control system is designed to the Mic</p><p>　　This design can real-time the speed display which measured, simultaneously can also accumulate demonstrates the total course number. This speed odometer can in

42、put the sensor to monolithic integrated circuit's signal impulse width (sensor transforms vehicle speed corresponding width signal impulse) real-time to survey, then calculates the speed and the course through the mo

43、nolithic integrated circuit, again the obtained data storage to the serial port data-carrier storage, and will measure the sp</p><p>　　When design, should the overall evaluation measure the fast precision an

44、d the system reaction time. This design with measuring impulse frequency computation speed, thus has high measures the fast precision. For guarantee system's timeliness, system's speed change module and the demon

45、stration data transfer the BCD code module to use the fast algorithm. Moreover, but should also guarantee other submodule in programming time versatility and highly effective as far as possible. This design's speed a

46、</p><p>　　This article introduced one kind based on the monolithic integrated circuit AT89C2051 speed odometer's design method. Because in this plan has used the serial port section code liquid crystal d

47、isplay module EEPROM reservoir, thus has saved the hardware source, enhanced the system performance-to-price ratio. At the same time, is also beneficial in expands other functions in this electric circuit foundation usin