外文翻譯---國際貿(mào)易單證的作用

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　F.1英文參考資料及中文翻譯</p><p>　　F. 1 .1international trade documents role</p><p>　　General international trade documents (international trade doc

2、uments) is the international trade of use all the documents, documents and certificates collectively. Usually with international trade documents to deal with in and out of delivery of the goods El, transportation, insura

3、nce, inspection and quarantine, customs declaration, the settlement of exchange, etc. Special international trade documents usually refers to the settlement documents, especially the l/c under the way of settlement of &l

4、t;/p><p>　　International trade documents and the use of import and export trade program closely related, the documents in the import and export enterprise work throughout the export, purchase, transportation, t

5、he whole process of the proceeds, the effort is big, timeliness strong, is broad, in addition to import and export enterprise internal between various departments the cooperation with the outside, still must and bank, cu

6、stoms, transportation department, insurance companies, the inspection and quarant</p><p>　　International trade documents for the performance of a contract is necessary means </p><p>　　Internatio

7、nal trade is the transnational goods business, due to the particularity of the multinational business, which is the purchase and sale of the different departments are located in different countries, are remote, in most c

8、ases, the goods and payment can't perform simple direct exchange, but only as the medium of exchange with documents means. The international trade of the documents that sales of goods through the documents realizatio

9、n sale, the seller should not only will the actual del</p><p>　　International trade documents many kinds, every kind of documents has its special role, functions and different prepared by requirements. In th

10、e import and export trade in the process of contract documents can be roughly divided into two kinds: one kind has the property of commodity. They represent some goods, some say the exchange value of commodity, some expl

11、ain the packaging of goods content, some guarantee the quality and quantity of goods, some for commodities exempt from provide the essent</p><p>　　International trade documents is foreign trade business mana

12、gement important tools </p><p>　　International trade documents is involved in international trade by import and export enterprises and the relevant countries issued by the government organizations, from impo

13、rt and export enterprise perspective, the international trade documents the import and export of the work is an important link. The actual business, whether the contract contents, terms and conditions of the credit, or i

14、mplement supply, delivery quality control, quantity, and transportation, insurance, inspection and quarant</p><p>　　From the perspective of national, international trade documents as a foreign business and l

15、egal documents, reflected the one country foreign trade policy, reflects a country foreign trade related laws, regulations and rules and regulations, involved in one country and other countries of between bilateral or mu

16、ltilateral trade agreements, as members must abide by the related to the international organization of the relevant rules. </p><p>　　Visible, import and export enterprise management stand or fall and work or

17、ganization management quality documents relationship is very big, international trade documents work is not only the whole process service for trade, import and export enterprise management is an important tool, but also

18、 a country foreign trade management important tools. </p><p>　　International trade documents import and export enterprise to improve the economic benefit is the important guarantee </p><p>　　Int

19、ernational trade work and import and export documents the economic efficiency of enterprises closely related, the documents management work to strengthen and improve the quality of documents, not only can effectively sto

20、p mistakes accidents, make up for the defect of the management, also can accelerate the money collecting, increasing the service efficiency of funds, managing interest expenses, save all kinds of cost, express in the imp

21、ort and export enterprises improve economic benefit. If d</p><p>　　International trade documents is the important content of import and export enterprise image </p><p>　　International trade is n

22、ot only the business and legal documents documents, and still can rise to shape and perfect the import and export enterprise external image, foreign expanded publicity role. Beautiful, neat and clear the documents, can s

23、how import and export enterprise a high level of service quality, the high quality of the work product, and the first-class standard management standards, and for enterprise to mould good image, be helpful for business d

24、evelopment. Conversely, poor, mixed </p><p>　　Ticket, promissory notes, checks or other used for payment of money has similar documents; Commercial documents has the property of commodity, such as commercial

25、 invoice. </p><p>　　(URC 522) classification model makes commercial documents category is quite widespread, covers the financial documents except outside of all documents, in fact commercial documents could

26、further subdivided into basic documents and affiliate documents. Basic documents in real business use frequency is very high, usually including commercial invoice, ocean bill of lading and insurance policy; Affiliated us

27、ually in real business documents, according to the agreement of the buyer is required to prov</p><p>　　F.2國際貿(mào)易單證的作用 </p><p>　　廣義的國際貿(mào)易單證（international trade documents）是國際貿(mào)易中使用的各種單據(jù)、文件與證書的統(tǒng)稱。通常憑借國

28、際貿(mào)易單證來處理進(jìn)出El貨物的交付、運(yùn)輸、保險(xiǎn)、檢驗(yàn)檢疫、報(bào)關(guān)、結(jié)匯等。狹義的國際貿(mào)易單證通常指結(jié)算單證，特別是信用證支付方式下的結(jié)算單證。</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易單證的使用與進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易程序密切相關(guān)，單證工作貫穿于進(jìn)出口企業(yè)的外銷、進(jìn)貨、運(yùn)輸、收匯的全過程，工作量大，時(shí)間性強(qiáng)，涉及面廣，除了進(jìn)出口企業(yè)內(nèi)部各部門之間的協(xié)作配合外，還必須與銀行、海關(guān)、交通運(yùn)輸部門、保險(xiǎn)公司、檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)以及有關(guān)的行政管理機(jī)關(guān)發(fā)

29、生多方面的聯(lián)系，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，互有影響，也互為條件。</p><p>　　F.1.1國際貿(mào)易單證的作用主要有以下方面。</p><p>　　一．國際貿(mào)易單證是合同履行的必要手段</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易是跨國的商品買賣，由于這種跨國交易的特殊性，即買賣雙方分處不同國家，相距遙遠(yuǎn)，在絕大多數(shù)情況下，貨物與貨款不能進(jìn)行簡單的直接交換，而只能以單證作為交換的媒介手段。國際

30、貿(mào)易貨物單證化使得貨物買賣通過單證買賣實(shí)現(xiàn)，賣方交貨不僅要將實(shí)際貨物裝運(yùn)出口，而且要向買方提交包括貨物所有權(quán)憑證在內(nèi)的全套單證以表示讓渡物權(quán)。賣方交單意味著交付了貨物，而買方付款則是以得到物權(quán)憑證代表買到了商品，雙方的交易不再以貨物為核心，而是以單證為核心。單證和貨款對流的原則已成為國際貿(mào)易中商品買賣的一般原則。正如國際貿(mào)易專家施米托夫在《出口貿(mào)易》一書中所述：“從商業(yè)觀點(diǎn)來看，可以說CIF合同的目的不是貨物本身的買賣，而是與貨物有關(guān)的

31、單據(jù)買賣?！边@里所說的“單據(jù)”就是國際貿(mào)易單證。</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易單證種類很多，每一種單證都有其特定的作用、功能和不同的繕制要求。在進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易合同履行過程中的單證大致可分為兩類：一類具有商品的屬性。它們有的代表商品，有的表示商品的交換值，有的說明商品的包裝內(nèi)容，有的保證商品的質(zhì)和量，有的為商品輸入國提供必要的證明等；另一類具有貨幣的屬性，它們有的直接代表貨幣，有的為貨幣的支付作出承諾或作出有條件的保證

32、。各種單證的簽發(fā)、組合、流轉(zhuǎn)、交換和應(yīng)用反映了合同履行的進(jìn)程，也反映了買賣雙方權(quán)責(zé)的發(fā)生、轉(zhuǎn)移和終止。由此可見，國際貿(mào)易單證是完成合同履行的必要手段。</p><p>　　二．國際貿(mào)易單證是對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營管理的重要工具</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易單證是由參與國際貿(mào)易的進(jìn)出口企業(yè)和相關(guān)國家政府管理機(jī)構(gòu)簽發(fā)的，從進(jìn)出口企業(yè)角度看，國際貿(mào)易單證工作是進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中，不論是合

33、同內(nèi)容、信用證條款，還是落實(shí)貨源、控制交貨品質(zhì)、數(shù)量，以及運(yùn)輸、保險(xiǎn)、檢驗(yàn)檢疫、報(bào)關(guān)、結(jié)匯等諸多業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營管理環(huán)節(jié)，最后都會(huì)在單證工作上集中反映出來，也是合同履行后期處理爭議與糾紛的重要依據(jù)。</p><p>　　從國家角度看，國際貿(mào)易單證作為一種涉外商務(wù)及法律文件，體現(xiàn)了一國對外貿(mào)易政策，反映了一國對外貿(mào)易相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)和規(guī)章制度，牽扯到一國與其他國家之間的雙邊或多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定，關(guān)系到作為成員國必須遵守的國際性組織

34、的相關(guān)規(guī)則。</p><p>　　可見，進(jìn)出口企業(yè)經(jīng)營的好壞與單證工作組織管理的優(yōu)劣關(guān)系很大，國際貿(mào)易單證工作不僅是為貿(mào)易全過程服務(wù)，也是進(jìn)出口企業(yè)經(jīng)營管理的重要工具，更是一國對外貿(mào)易管理的重要工具。</p><p>　　三．國際貿(mào)易單證是進(jìn)出口企業(yè)提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要保證</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易單證工作與進(jìn)出口企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益密切相關(guān)，單證管理工作的加強(qiáng)，單證質(zhì)

35、量的提高，不僅可以有效地制止差錯(cuò)事故的發(fā)生，彌補(bǔ)經(jīng)營管理上的缺陷，還可以加速資金回籠，提高資金使用效率，節(jié)約利息開支，節(jié)省各種費(fèi)用，在無形之中提高進(jìn)出口企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。如果單證管理工作出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)，不能及時(shí)交單或提供正確的單證，則會(huì)導(dǎo)致買方拒付貨款、延遲付款，進(jìn)而給企業(yè)乃至國家?guī)盹L(fēng)險(xiǎn)和損失，使企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益無法得到保障。</p><p>　　四．國際貿(mào)易單證是進(jìn)出口企業(yè)形象的重要內(nèi)涵</p><p

36、>　　國際貿(mào)易單證不僅是商務(wù)和法律文件，而且還能起到塑造和完善進(jìn)出口企業(yè)對外形象、對外擴(kuò)大宣傳的作用。美觀、整潔、清楚的單證，能夠展示進(jìn)出口企業(yè)高水平的業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)，高質(zhì)量的工作成果，一流水準(zhǔn)的管理規(guī)范，從而為企業(yè)塑造良好的形象，有利于業(yè)務(wù)的開展。反之，粗劣、雜亂、錯(cuò)誤的單證則必然給企業(yè)帶來負(fù)面效應(yīng)。</p><p>　　票、本票、支票或其他用于取得付款資金的類似憑證；商業(yè)單據(jù)具有商品的屬性，例如商業(yè)發(fā)票。&l

37、t;/p><p>　?。║RC 522）的分類方式使得商業(yè)單據(jù)的范疇相當(dāng)廣泛，涵蓋了除金融單據(jù)以外的所有單據(jù)，實(shí)際上商業(yè)單據(jù)還可以進(jìn)一步細(xì)分為基本單據(jù)和附屬單據(jù)?；締螕?jù)在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中使用頻率很高，通常包括商業(yè)發(fā)票、海運(yùn)提單和保險(xiǎn)單；附屬單據(jù)通常在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中，根據(jù)約定由買方要求賣方提供，可分為兩類：一類是進(jìn)口國官方要求的單據(jù)，如領(lǐng)事發(fā)票、海關(guān)發(fā)票、原產(chǎn)地證明等；另一類是買方要求說明貨物及相關(guān)情況的單據(jù)，如裝箱單、重量單

38、、品質(zhì)證書、寄單證明、寄樣證明、裝運(yùn)通知、船齡證明等。</p><p>　　F.1.2《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》（《UCP 600》）的分類</p><p>　?。║CP 600}將信用證項(xiàng)下的單據(jù)分為四大類：1．運(yùn)輸單據(jù)（transport documents）</p><p>　　包括海運(yùn)提單；非轉(zhuǎn)讓海運(yùn)單；租船合約提單；多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù)；空運(yùn)單據(jù)；公路、鐵路和內(nèi)陸水運(yùn)

39、單據(jù)；快遞和郵包收據(jù)；運(yùn)輸代理人的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)等。</p><p>　　2．保險(xiǎn)單據(jù)（insurance documents）包括保險(xiǎn)單；保險(xiǎn)憑證；承保證明、預(yù)保單等。</p><p>　　3．商業(yè)發(fā)票（commercial invoice）</p><p>　　4．其他單據(jù)（other documents）包括裝箱單、重量單和各種證明書。</p><

40、;p>　　F.1.3UN／EDIFACT的分類</p><p>　　聯(lián)合國歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)理事會(huì)從事國際貿(mào)易程序簡化工作的第四工作組（UN／ECE／WP4）將EDI國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為三個(gè)領(lǐng)域：行政（administration）、商業(yè)（commerce）和運(yùn)輸（transportation），并于1986年發(fā)布了EDI國際通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——UN／EDIFIACT（United Nations／Electronic Data I

41、nterchange For Administration，Commerce and Transport）。</p><p>　　UN／EDIFACT標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將國際貿(mào)易單證分為九大類：</p><p><b>　　生產(chǎn)單證</b></p><p><b>　　訂購單證</b></p><p><b

42、>　　銷售單證</b></p><p><b>　　銀行單證</b></p><p><b>　　保險(xiǎn)單證</b></p><p><b>　　貨運(yùn)代理服務(wù)單證</b></p><p><b>　　運(yùn)輸單證</b></p>

43、<p><b>　　出口單證</b></p><p><b>　　進(jìn)口和轉(zhuǎn)口單證</b></p><p>　　F.1.4按照單證形式分類</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易單證按照單證的形式分為紙面單證和電子單證，根據(jù)國際商會(huì)《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》（INCOTERMS 2000），紙面單證和電子單證具有同等效力，在實(shí)