外文翻譯---電牽引采煤機(jī)的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

1、<p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　The Technical Situation and Development Trend of Electrical Haulage Shearers</p><p>　　Abstract： In this paper，the technical development history and te

2、chnical situation of electrical haulage shearersfor thin seam of China are reviewed，and the main technical parameters，general structure，serialization anddevelopment trend of such sheares are introduced．</p><p&

3、gt;　　Keywords： thin seam；shearer；electrical haulage；multi—motor driving；transverse arrangement</p><p>　　German Eickhoff company and American JOY company, the mid 70's in 20 centuries develops a direct cu

4、rrent to lead to adopt coal machine one after another.Henceforth, each mainly adopted coal machine a research a manufacturing a company to all lead to adopt coal machine to carry on to the electricity in the world a grea

5、t deal of of study a development.80The age expected to appear alternate current to lead to adopt coal machine behind.90Age, the big power electricity which develops to gather electr</p><p>　　1 The foreign el

6、ectricity leads long to adopt the coal machine development general situation</p><p>　　1.1German Eickhof company</p><p>　　After 1976 developped successful direct current to lead to adopt coal mac

7、hine, it was basic to stopped a liquid to press to lead a development research of adopt the coal machine and continuously developped various form electricities to lead to adopt coal machine.90The SL series that the age d

8、evelop is horizontal to arrange the alternate current lead to adopt coal machine, cut to mow electrical engineering to arrange in shaking arm.Among them, the S type electricity leads to adopt coal machine to</p>&

9、lt;p>　　1.2 :British Long-Airdox company</p><p>　　After 1984 developped success the first set cut to mow electrical engineering to arrange at many decorations with horizontal electrical engineerings of sha

10、ke the arms get Electra550 type direct current led to adopt coal machine, at its foundation top enlargement power, and then develop into an Electra1000 type direct current to lead to adopt coal machine.90Age, on the mode

11、l foundation of the Electra series, enlargement power, the improvement controls system, developped EL series alternate curren</p><p>　　1.3American JOY company</p><p>　　2070's in century'

12、s developping successfully a 1 ls many electrical engineerings is successfullyhorizontal to arrange the direct current after lead adopt coal machine continuously developped a 2 IS ISs-7s again etc. type many electrical e

13、ngineerings are horizontal to arrange the direct current lead to adopt coal machine.71.55 adopt the coal machine total power one 940 kWs, lead the speed 30 ms/min.Adopt a strong dint sells a track to have no chain to lea

14、d system, the enlargement chain track stan</p><p><b>　　1.4 Japan</b></p><p>　　1987The year continuously develops to succeed various series alternate current of the MCLE-DR which mow

15、electrical engineering to lengthways set outs to lead to adopt coal machine behind and developped to cut many electrical engineering alternate currents of mow the electrical engineering horizontal decorations to lead to

16、adopt coal machine again for the last few years.Adopt the coal machine has tiny machine work condition a monitor and breaks down diagnosis system, can the numerical manifestati</p><p>　　1.5 Poland the KOMAG

17、mine for minerals a mechanization research center</p><p>　　Poland continuously developped KSE in developping successful KSE a 344 thin coal seam alternate currents with Chinese cooperation to lead foundation

18、 of adopt the coal machine a 360, KSE a 700, KSE one 800 RWs/2 BPs, KSE a 535 Ss/2 BPs, KSE1000 type etc. alternate current lead to adopt coal machine.Adopt the coal machine cuts deeply from 630171111 raise 800-1000 mms.

19、</p><p>　　1.6 Russia</p><p>　　The former Soviet Union 70's in 20 centuries develops a K128 Is-Is.The direct current after lead adopt coal machine develops to succeed various direct currents

20、to lead to adopt coal machine one after another again.9The age of the o developped K a 8 etc. alternate currents to lead to adopt coal machine.Every consider, the electricity of Russia leads to adopt coal machine power s

21、maller, the direct current lead and the function parameter is lower.</p><p>　　2 The local electricity leads to adopt the coal machine development general situation</p><p>　　In recent years.The o

22、ur country electricity led to adopt develop of coal machine to obtain a substantial progress with development, carry on two developments in digesting to absorb abroad to usher in to adopt the coal machine technical found

23、ation and owned many have an independent intelligent property right of change a product, at our country coal mine comprehensive the mechanization adopt coal work noodles, coal science studies total Shanghai branch in the

24、 hospital and Poland cooperates, after </p><p>　　3 Technique characteristics and develop trend</p><p>　　3.1 pack machine power to enlarge.The function parameter raise</p><p>　　(1)Th

25、e single set piece mows electrical engineering power all in the 400 kWs above.The most adopts the coal machine single set piece to mow electrical engineering power to already arrive 6 OO kW, the 7 LS5s adopts the coal ma

26、chine single set piece to mow electrical engineering power to be up to 750 kWs.</p><p>　　(2)Lead power all above in the 80 kWs, biggest already 220 kWs.</p><p>　　(3)Always pack machine power mor

27、e than one 000 kWs, reach to one 94 OkWs such as the 7 LS5s, the EL3000 always packs machine power as tallest as 2000 kWs.</p><p>　　(4)Lead speed and lead dint to significantly raise.Lead the speed l 5-25 ms

28、/min, lead the dint 500 kNs above.Biggest lead speed 54.5 ms/rain(SL300), biggest lead dint 998 kNs.</p><p>　　(5)Cut to mow power aggrandizement, the support random pays to protect of realization, the enlarg

29、ement roller cuts deeply.The l is 0 year agos and cut deeply mostly is a 630-700 Inll1s, widespread now adopt 1000-1200 Zis to cut deeply, separately attain 1500 Infnses to cut deeply.</p><p>　　(6)The exalta

30、tion adopts the coal machine credibility with can utilization.The abroad adopts coal machine a dollar a parts a design life span:The wheel gear 12500 hs, the bearings is 20000-30000 hses, the electrical engineering insul

31、ates the life span 44000 hs, and the roller adopts coal 640,000 ts.Adopt coal machine to greatly fix a period for 2 years, the coal measure 300-5,000,000 ts.Our country requests that adopting coal machine coal measures a

32、 150-2,000,000 ts but not and greatly fixs, the</p><p>　　3.2 medium high pressure power supplies</p><p>　　Along with adopt coal machine to pack the machine power significant exaltation, the work

33、 noodles continuously lengthens, the whole work noodles capacity works over the 5000 kWs the noodles length attain 300 ms.In order to reduce power line road to exhaust, quality and electrical engineering function of the

34、exaltation power supply, high pressure power supply in the widespread adoption.The main power supply grade has a 2300, 3300, 4160 and 5000 V etc..</p><p>　　3.3 supervisions protection system intelligence tur

35、n</p><p>　　The modern electricity leads to adopt the intelligence that the coal machine all has establishment in the microprocessor foundation to turn supervision, monitor and protection system, can carry ou

36、t to hand over with each other type person machine dialogue, wireless control from a distance, the work condition monitor and appearance show, the data collect to save and deliver, health(break down) diagnosis and with e

37、arly warning, auto control, automatically key up etc. various functions, adopt the c</p><p>　　Supervise and control protection system intelligence to turn main function:</p><p>　　(1)Load the con

38、trol passes the monitor that the piece mows electrical engineering electric current, adjust to adopt lead of coal machine speed and make to adopt coal machine under the different work condition with superior turn of the

39、parameter carry on a work and promise to spread to move system to don't easily be continuously pounded at influence;</p><p>　　(2)Work noodles fixed position control's identifying to adopt coal machin

40、e is work the position of noodles, automatically decelerate in the machine head, machine tail with stop, match with a realization auto with support to random move;</p><p>　　(3)Transport machine with work noo

41、dles allied machine burden the control pass a burden monitor of transport the machine to regulate to adopt the adopt of coal machine amount of coal and make to adopt coal machine and transport the production ability of m

42、achine to match mutually;</p><p>　　(4)Automatically keying up a control will have the coal rock boundary of certain resolution to identify to spread a feeling machine to combine a calculator control and cons

43、titute a coal rock boundary to spread feeling device and coal rock boundary to identify system.Have already apply to physically or just be placed in research at the production currently with experiment the coal rock of s

44、tage identify a method and analytical the system mainly have:Remember the intelligence distance control, the</p><p>　　Identify a method;</p><p>　　(5)Circulate appearance supervision and manifest

45、ation adopts coal machine a data to collect system</p><p>　　Can collect machine parameter:If the Eickhof company SL series adopts coal machine a material to have MICOS68 mineralses to use tiny machine system

46、, main course 10 single submenus include to adopt coal luck to go appearance;Automatically manipulate;Cut to mow a parameter;Lead a parameter, liquid presses system parameter, each examination to order temperature, each

47、electric motor electric current;Water measure, water pressure;Control system soft, hardware model number;Diagnosis, early warning(pas</p><p>　　(6)The data deliver, agreeable slot control and ground supervisi

48、on's adopting the coal machine long range communication and work noodles concentration a control technique be the marking of modern mineral well.</p><p>　　(7)Expert system and breakdown diagnose data and

49、 information from the examination and movement parameter of the supervision, function with former machine maintenance, usage the circumstance carry on a comparison, carry on diagnosis to the healthy movement of machine,

50、can also to particular mistake and recommend the project provide risk valuation.</p><p>　　3.4 electricities lead system to adjust to soon develop toward the exchanges</p><p>　　The electricity le

51、ads to adopt a lead of coal machine's method to press the type of lead the electrical engineering and can is divided into direct current to lead and communicates to lead.The electricity in earlier period leads to ado

52、pt coal machine to mostly adopt direct current to adjust soon system.Develop success from the mid 80's of Japan 20 centuries the first set alternate current lead to adopt coal machine and communicate that adjusting s

53、oon system is advanced with its technique, dependa</p><p>　　3.6 have no chain to lead toward the wheel gear one Chi track the type turn into</p><p>　　Along with lead continuously enlarge of the

54、dint, sell a round one Chi track type's having no chain to lead have already eliminate, wheel gear one chain track type's having no chain to lead have already not much use as well, now adopt coal machine have no

55、the chain lead to just and gradually incline toward adoption wheel gear one Chi track type have no the chain lead, this is 1 kind from the wheel gear on selling a track type to turn in to since then have no chain to lead

56、 structure, cylinder's s</p><p>　　4 The local electricity leads to adopt the coal machine research contents</p><p>　　The local electricity leads to adopt coal machine a representative model

57、and foreign electricity to lead to adopt coal machine to compare and have already near in the total parameter function foreign 20 centuries age initial stage of 9 o level.But some key partses and it the total function, f

58、unction, orientation scope...etc. still treat further perfect with raise.Particularly on-line work condition monitor, breakdown diagnosis and forecast, the signal deliver and adopt coal machine to automatica</p>&

59、lt;p>　　As a result the local electricity leads intelligence of adopt the coal machine to turn degree low, the equipments credibility, safety with can support sex worse, the local electricity will lead to adopt coal ma

60、chine from now on</p><p>　　Main research contents is as follows:</p><p>　　(1)Further perfect communicate with exaltation change the Pin adjust soon credibility of lead the system.The point is pe

61、rfect and raises system device of anti- earthquake, spread hot and defend tide etc. function;</p><p>　　(2)The research dependable tiny machine electricity controls system.Point is the exaltation adopts coal

62、machine the electricity controls the system anti- interference, anti- hot effect of ability;</p><p>　　(3)Development or to build up the electricity control the supervision function of system.Point is the res

63、earch breaks down diagnosis and expert system, the works condition monitor, manifestation and information to deliver system and work the noodles adopt coal machine to automatically circulate control system and change fro

64、m the orientation Pin electric circuit of electric leakage examination and protection technique, shake arm to automatically key up system etc.;</p><p>　　(4)Development can the mineral of four quadrant moveme

65、nts use to communicate change the Pin adjust to soon equip.Make to adopt coal function to adapt the demand that bigger Qing Cape coal seam mine;</p><p>　　(5)The development packs machine power to largerly ad

66、opt coal machine, the exaltation adopts coal machine can the research of utilization and life span;</p><p>　　(6)The research that the electric appliances component is small scaled to turn.In order to packing

67、 machine power to enlarge, electric motor, transformer, change Pin machine etc. the physical volume of the equipments also corresponds aggrandizement, for satisfy whole the machine structure arrange tightly packed of req

68、uest, have to study an equipments small scaled turn of technique path.</p><p><b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　電牽引采煤機(jī)的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　摘 要： 本文介紹了我國(guó)薄煤層電牽引采煤機(jī)的技術(shù)發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀，重點(diǎn)介紹薄煤層電牽引

69、采煤機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)、總體結(jié)構(gòu)、系列化及其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 薄煤層；采煤機(jī)；電牽引；多電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)；橫向布置</p><p>　　德國(guó)Eickhoff公司和美國(guó)JOY公司，20世紀(jì)70年代中期相繼研制出直流電牽引采煤機(jī)。此后，世界上各主要采煤機(jī)研究制造公司均對(duì)電牽引采煤機(jī)進(jìn)行了大量的研究開發(fā)。80年代后期出現(xiàn)了交流電牽引采煤機(jī)。90年代，開發(fā)出集電子、微電子、信息管理以

70、及計(jì)算機(jī)智能技術(shù)于一體的大功率電牽引采煤機(jī)，如美國(guó)JOY公司的LS系列、英國(guó)Long-Airdox公司的Electra、SL系列，德國(guó)Eickhof公司的EDW、SL系列， 日本三井三池制作所的MCLE—DR系列等電牽引采煤機(jī)。電牽引采煤機(jī)以其性能參數(shù)優(yōu)良、可靠性高、自動(dòng)化程度高、操作方便、監(jiān)控保護(hù)及檢測(cè)功能完善、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被迅速推廣使用。</p><p>　　1 國(guó)外電牽采煤機(jī)發(fā)展概況</p>

71、<p>　　1.1德國(guó)Eickhof公司</p><p>　　自1976年研制成功直流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，基本停止了液壓牽引采煤機(jī)的開發(fā)研究，陸續(xù)開發(fā)了多種形式電牽引采煤機(jī)。90年代開發(fā)的SL系列橫向布置交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，將截割電機(jī)布置在搖臂上。其中S型電牽引采煤機(jī)裝機(jī)功率達(dá)1 580kW，最大牽引力998LSOkN。SL300型電牽引采煤機(jī)總裝機(jī)功率1 018 kW，采用雙變頻器一拖一系統(tǒng)，最大牽引速

72、度達(dá)54．5m／rai制系統(tǒng)具有交互式人機(jī)對(duì)話、設(shè)備健康預(yù)報(bào)、在線控制、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)裙δ堋?lt;/p><p>　　1.2英國(guó)Long—Airdox公司</p><p>　　自1984年研制成功第一臺(tái)將截割電機(jī)布置在搖臂上的多電機(jī)橫向布置得Electra550型直流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，在其基礎(chǔ)上加大功率，又研制成Electra1000型直流電牽引采煤機(jī)。90年代，在Electra系列機(jī)型基礎(chǔ)上，加大

73、功率，改進(jìn)控制系統(tǒng)，開發(fā)了EL系列交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，主要機(jī)型有EL600、EL1000、EL1500、EL3000型。在EL系列機(jī)型上裝置的Impact集成保護(hù)及監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，具有負(fù)荷控制、機(jī)器監(jiān)控、采煤機(jī)自動(dòng)定位、自動(dòng)調(diào)高、區(qū)域控制、智能化安全連鎖、隨機(jī)故障診斷、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)裙δ堋?lt;/p><p>　　1.3美國(guó)JOY公司</p><p>　　20世紀(jì)70年代研制成功1ls多電機(jī)橫向布置直流電

74、牽引采煤機(jī)后，又陸續(xù)研制了2IS-7IS等型多電機(jī)橫向布置直流電牽引采煤機(jī)。71．55采煤機(jī)總功率1 940kW， 牽引速度30m／min。采用JOYUltratmc2000型強(qiáng)力銷軌無鏈牽引系統(tǒng)，加大鏈軌節(jié)距和寬度，并采用鍛造銷排；裝備了與6LS5型通用的JNA機(jī)載計(jì)算機(jī)信息中心，具有人機(jī)通訊界面、故障診斷圖形顯示和儲(chǔ)存、無線電遙控、牽引控制和保護(hù)等功能。</p><p><b>　　1.4 日本&l

75、t;/b></p><p>　　1987年后陸續(xù)研制成功多種截割電機(jī)縱向布置的MCLE—DR系列交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，近幾年又開發(fā)了截割電機(jī)橫向布置的多電機(jī)交流電牽引采煤機(jī)。采煤機(jī)裝有微機(jī)工況監(jiān)測(cè)及故障診斷系統(tǒng)，可數(shù)字顯示牽引速度、滾筒位置、留頂?shù)酌汉穸?、電機(jī)負(fù)載及各處溫度，具有無線遙控，并可加裝紅外線發(fā)射器操縱液壓支架。</p><p>　　1.5 波蘭KOMAG采礦機(jī)械化研究中心&l

76、t;/p><p>　　波蘭在與中國(guó)合作研制成功KSE一344型薄煤層交流電牽引采煤機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上，陸續(xù)開發(fā)了KSE一360、KSE一700、KSE一800RW／2BP、KSE一535S／2BP、KSE1000型等交流電牽引采煤機(jī)。采煤機(jī)截深由630 171111提高到800—1 000 mm.</p><p><b>　　1.6 俄羅斯</b></p><

77、p>　　前蘇聯(lián)20世紀(jì)70年代研制出K128I-I．直流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，又相繼研制成功多種直流電牽引采煤機(jī)。9o年代開發(fā)了K一8國(guó)型等交流電牽引采煤機(jī)。總體來看，俄羅斯的電牽引采煤機(jī)功率較小，直流牽引，性能參數(shù)較低。</p><p>　　2 國(guó)內(nèi)電牽引采煤機(jī)發(fā)展概況</p><p>　　近年來。我國(guó)電牽引采煤機(jī)的研制和開發(fā)取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步，在消化吸收國(guó)外引進(jìn)采煤機(jī)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行二

78、次開發(fā)，擁有了許多具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的換代產(chǎn)品，在我國(guó)煤礦綜合機(jī)械化采煤工作面，國(guó)產(chǎn)采煤機(jī)已經(jīng)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位， 完全采用國(guó)產(chǎn)裝備的高產(chǎn)高效工作面不斷涌現(xiàn)。1991年，煤炭科學(xué)研究總院上海分院與波蘭合作，在國(guó)內(nèi)率先研制成功我國(guó)第一臺(tái)采用交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的薄煤層爬底板采煤機(jī)后，上海分院又先后研制成功了截割電機(jī)縱向布置的交流電牽引采煤機(jī)、截割電機(jī)橫向布置的適用于中厚和較薄煤層的交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，并成功應(yīng)用于晉城、淮南、徐州、大同等礦務(wù)局。<

79、/p><p>　　到目前為止，國(guó)內(nèi)各采煤機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家均對(duì)交流電牽引采煤機(jī)進(jìn)行了大量的研究開發(fā)。上海分院研制的MG系列電牽引采煤機(jī)已形成9大系列共幾十個(gè)品種，現(xiàn)正在開發(fā)裝機(jī)總功率達(dá)l 800 kW 的交流電牽引采煤機(jī)； 太原礦山機(jī)器廠與上海分院合作， 將AM500液壓牽引采煤機(jī)改造成MG 375／830一WD型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)后， 又與兗州礦業(yè)集團(tuán)合作，研制成功了MGTY 400／900—3．3D型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)；雞西

80、煤機(jī)廠與上海分院合作將MG2×300一W 型液壓牽引采煤機(jī)改造成MG300／ 360一WD型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)后，又開發(fā)了MG200／463型、MG400／985型交流電牽引采煤機(jī)；遼源煤機(jī)廠與邢臺(tái)礦業(yè)集團(tuán)合作研制成功我國(guó)首臺(tái)應(yīng)用電磁轉(zhuǎn)差離合器調(diào)速技術(shù)的MG668一WD型電牽引采煤機(jī)；無錫采煤機(jī)廠與中合作，開發(fā)研制成功國(guó)內(nèi)首臺(tái)應(yīng)用開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)調(diào)速紡機(jī)電研究所技術(shù)的MG200／500一CD型電牽引采煤機(jī)。</p>&

81、lt;p>　　3 技術(shù)特點(diǎn)與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　3．1 裝機(jī)功率增大。性能參數(shù)提高</p><p>　　(1)單臺(tái)截割電機(jī)功率均在400 kW 以上。多數(shù)采煤機(jī)單臺(tái)截割電機(jī)功率已達(dá)到6OO kW，7LS5采煤機(jī)單臺(tái)截割電機(jī)功率高達(dá)750 kW。</p><p>　　(2)牽引功率均在80 kW 以上，最大已達(dá)220 kW。</p>&l

82、t;p>　　(3)總裝機(jī)功率超過1 000 kW，如7LS5達(dá)1 94OkW，EL3000總裝機(jī)功率最高達(dá)2 000 kW。</p><p>　　(4)牽引速度、牽引力大幅提高。牽引速度l5—25m／min，牽引力500 kN以上。最大牽引速度54．5 m／rain(SL300)，最大牽引力998 kN。</p><p>　　(5)截割功率增大，支架隨機(jī)支護(hù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，加大滾筒截深。l0

83、年前，截深大多是630—700 Inll1，現(xiàn)普遍采用1 000—1 200眥截深，個(gè)別達(dá)到1 500 Infn截深。</p><p>　　(6)提高采煤機(jī)可靠性和可利用率。國(guó)外采煤機(jī)元部件設(shè)計(jì)壽命：齒輪12500h，軸承20 000—30000h，電機(jī)絕緣壽命44000h，滾筒采煤64萬t。采煤機(jī)大修周期2年，出煤量300—500萬t。我國(guó)要求采煤機(jī)出煤量150—200萬t而不大修，差距很大。</p>

84、;<p><b>　　3．2 中高壓供電</b></p><p>　　隨著采煤機(jī)裝機(jī)功率大幅度提高， 工作面不斷加長(zhǎng)，整個(gè)工作面容量超過5000kW，工作面長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到300m。為減少輸電線路損耗，提高供電質(zhì)量和電機(jī)性能，普遍采用中高壓供電。主要供電等級(jí)有2300、3300、4160、5000V等。</p><p>　　3．3 監(jiān)控保護(hù)系統(tǒng)智能化</p

85、><p>　　現(xiàn)代電牽引采煤機(jī)均裝有建立在微處理機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上的智能化監(jiān)控、監(jiān)測(cè)和保護(hù)系統(tǒng)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)交互式人機(jī)對(duì)話、無線電遙控、工況監(jiān)測(cè)及狀態(tài)顯示、數(shù)據(jù)采集存儲(chǔ)及傳輸、健康(故障)診斷及與預(yù)警、自動(dòng)控制、自動(dòng)調(diào)高等多種功能，以保證采煤機(jī)維護(hù)量最小，利用率最高，并可實(shí)現(xiàn)與液壓支架、工作面輸送機(jī)的信息交互和聯(lián)動(dòng)控制等功能。如安德森公司EL系列機(jī)型上裝置Impac：t集成保護(hù)與監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，Eichhof公司的Eichhof一數(shù)據(jù)匯

86、集技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，JOY公司6LS型電牽引采煤機(jī)的JNA網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心等。</p><p>　　監(jiān)控保護(hù)系統(tǒng)智能化主要功能：</p><p>　　(1)負(fù)載控制通過截割電機(jī)電流的監(jiān)測(cè)，調(diào)整采煤機(jī)的牽引速度，使采煤機(jī)在不同工況下以最優(yōu)化的參數(shù)進(jìn)行工作，保證傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)不易受持續(xù)沖擊影響；</p><p>　　(2)工作面定位控制 識(shí)別采煤機(jī)在工作面的位置，在機(jī)頭、機(jī)尾自動(dòng)減速和停

87、止，與支架配合實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)隨機(jī)移架；</p><p>　　(3)與工作面輸送機(jī)聯(lián)機(jī)負(fù)荷控制 通過輸送機(jī)的負(fù)荷監(jiān)測(cè)來調(diào)節(jié)采煤機(jī)的采煤量，使采煤機(jī)和輸送機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力相匹配；</p><p>　　(4)自動(dòng)調(diào)高控制 將具有一定分辨率的煤巖分界識(shí)別傳感器結(jié)合計(jì)算機(jī)控制，組成煤巖分界傳感裝置及煤巖分界識(shí)別系統(tǒng)。目前已應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際或正處于研究和試驗(yàn)階段的煤巖識(shí)別方法及分析系統(tǒng)主要有：記憶智能程控、振動(dòng)頻

88、譜分析、天然丁射線、測(cè)力截齒、放射性同位素、噪聲紅外線、雷達(dá)探測(cè)等。其中記憶智能程控煤巖分界識(shí)別及控制系統(tǒng)在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用最多，是目前國(guó)外主要機(jī)型所采用的自動(dòng)調(diào)高技術(shù)。而雷達(dá)探測(cè)技術(shù)被認(rèn)為是最有應(yīng)用前景的一種煤巖分界</p><p><b>　　識(shí)別方法；</b></p><p>　　(5)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)監(jiān)控與顯示 采煤機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)</p><p>

89、;　　可采集機(jī)器參數(shù)：輸入電壓，電機(jī)電流，軸承、繞組和冷卻水溫度，控制電流，潤(rùn)滑油溫度、消耗量，液壓系統(tǒng)油位、壓力、溫度，冷卻和噴霧降塵水量、水壓，牽引速度、方向，搖臂操作角度，過載保護(hù)監(jiān)控等。如Eickhof公司SL系列采煤機(jī)裝備有MICOS68礦用微機(jī)系統(tǒng)，主菜單10個(gè)子菜單包括采煤機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)；自動(dòng)操縱；截割部參數(shù)；牽引部參數(shù)、液壓系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、各檢測(cè)點(diǎn)溫度、各電動(dòng)機(jī)電流；水量、水壓；控制系統(tǒng)軟、硬件型號(hào)；診斷、預(yù)警(口令)等，多數(shù)保護(hù)

90、項(xiàng)目可以通過人機(jī)交互方式予以屏蔽；</p><p>　　(6)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、順槽控制及地面監(jiān)控采煤機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程通訊和工作面集中控制技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代化礦井的標(biāo)志。它包括工作面設(shè)備的運(yùn)行參數(shù)與地面控制中心的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和位置的監(jiān)控，地面控制中心對(duì)井下設(shè)備工作運(yùn)行的操作控制，也就是實(shí)現(xiàn)無人工作面的最終目的。采煤工作面作為關(guān)鍵的移動(dòng)設(shè)備，采煤機(jī)要有運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)(包括故障信息)遠(yuǎn)程傳輸技術(shù)、位置檢測(cè)技術(shù)的支持，在此前提下方可能實(shí)現(xiàn)地面對(duì)

91、井下設(shè)備運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)的檢測(cè)、管理，乃至實(shí)現(xiàn)集中控制(或監(jiān)控)。引進(jìn)的6LS5、SL50o、SL30o采煤機(jī)都實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)遠(yuǎn)程傳輸、集中監(jiān)控和部分集中控制。</p><p>　　(7)專家系統(tǒng)和故障診斷把來自監(jiān)控、性能檢測(cè)和運(yùn)行參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)和信息與以往機(jī)器維護(hù)、使用情況進(jìn)行比較，對(duì)機(jī)器的健康運(yùn)行進(jìn)行診斷，也可對(duì)特定錯(cuò)誤和推薦方案提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。</p><p>　　3．4 電牽引系統(tǒng)向交流調(diào)速發(fā)展&l

92、t;/p><p>　　電牽引采煤機(jī)的牽引方式按牽引電機(jī)的類型可分為直流牽引和交流牽引。早期的電牽引采煤機(jī)大多采用直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。自日本20世紀(jì)80年代中期研制成功第一臺(tái)交流電牽引采煤機(jī)，交流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)以其技術(shù)先進(jìn)、可靠性高、維護(hù)管理簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被迅速推廣應(yīng)用。9o年代中后期研制的大功率電牽引采煤機(jī)均采用交流變頻調(diào)速牽引系統(tǒng)。交流牽引正逐步替代直流牽引，成為今后電牽引采煤機(jī)的發(fā)展方向。早期的交流牽引均采用一個(gè)變

93、頻器拖動(dòng)2臺(tái)牽引電機(jī)，變頻器對(duì)電機(jī)的性能參數(shù)難以準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)，控制和保護(hù)功能無法完全發(fā)揮。德國(guó)SL300型電牽引采煤機(jī)，采用2個(gè)變頻器分別拖動(dòng)2臺(tái)牽引電機(jī)的牽引系統(tǒng)，</p><p>　　使?fàn)恳目刂坪捅Ｗo(hù)性能更加完善。這種～ 拖一的牽引系統(tǒng)也正被逐步采用，成為電牽引技術(shù)發(fā)展的又一特點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　3．5 總體結(jié)構(gòu)趨向模塊化及多電機(jī)橫向布置橫向布置方式可使各部件由單獨(dú)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，機(jī)械傳

94、動(dòng)系統(tǒng)彼此獨(dú)立，可模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，裝拆方便。美國(guó)從1LS開始將截割電機(jī)橫向布置在搖臂上，今沿用。英國(guó)從Electra550開始，采用電機(jī)橫向布置。德國(guó)進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)9o年代，開發(fā)了橫向布置的SL系列電牽引采煤機(jī)。波蘭電牽引采煤機(jī)均采用橫向布置方式。</p><p>　　薄煤層電牽引采煤機(jī)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p>　　(1)機(jī)身的布置方式</p><p>　　機(jī)

95、面高度、機(jī)身厚度、中板高度和過煤高度是互</p><p>　　相制約的。為了降低采高下限，加大過煤空間，具有</p><p>　　代表性的機(jī)身布置方式有爬底板、騎輸送機(jī)和懸臂</p><p><b>　　三種方式。</b></p><p>　　1)爬底板方式如MG344一PWD型、EDW300一LN型、MCLE—DR75

96、75M型等采煤機(jī)。前滾筒反轉(zhuǎn)割底，后滾筒正轉(zhuǎn)割頂。以MG344為例，機(jī)道的機(jī)面高度721mm，輸送機(jī)上方的機(jī)面高度656mm；機(jī)道的機(jī)身高度550mm，輸送機(jī)上方的過橋架高度210mm；因此采高下限為1m，過煤高度為340mm(中板高度106mm)。爬底板方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是采高下限小，過煤高度大，缺點(diǎn)是：煤壁側(cè)的浮動(dòng)腿對(duì)底板起伏的適應(yīng)性差，煤壁側(cè)的行走輪和導(dǎo)向滑靴事故多，煤層厚度變化不能太大。</p><p>　　2)

97、騎輸送機(jī)方式如MG2X100／456一WD型、MGN132／316一DW 型、MG132／315一WD 型、MG132／320一WD型等采煤機(jī)，品種最多。以MG2X100／456為例，機(jī)面高度853mm，輸送機(jī)上方的機(jī)身高度380mm，過煤高度310mm(中板高度163mm)；輸送</p><p>　　機(jī)上方的搖臂電機(jī)護(hù)套處過煤高度還要小一些。顯然對(duì)于騎輸送機(jī)的薄煤層采煤機(jī)來說，要求機(jī)面高度<800mm、采

98、高下限<1．1In是困難的。</p><p>　　3)懸臂方式如1K103型采煤機(jī)。機(jī)身懸在機(jī)道里，前滾筒反轉(zhuǎn)割底，后滾筒正轉(zhuǎn)割頂。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是采高下限小，過煤高度大，缺點(diǎn)是較難保持穩(wěn)定和平</p><p>　　(2)牽引機(jī)構(gòu)的布置方式</p><p>　　1)內(nèi)牽引方式。其牽引部布置在機(jī)身上。</p><p>　　2)外牽引方式。其牽引部布

99、置在工作面輸送機(jī)的機(jī)頭機(jī)尾處，類似于拖鉤刨煤機(jī)，由采空側(cè)的圓環(huán)鏈牽引。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是體積小，功率大，可靠性高，維修方便；缺點(diǎn)是牽引鏈有脈動(dòng)，牽引、截割動(dòng)載荷都較大。對(duì)于≤1In、特別是≤O．8m的煤層，外牽引采煤機(jī)可能比內(nèi)牽引采煤機(jī)、刨煤機(jī)更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。</p><p>　　(3)截割電動(dòng)機(jī)的布置方式</p><p>　　1)截割電動(dòng)機(jī)布置在機(jī)身上。除了傳統(tǒng)的縱向布置外，還有橫向多電機(jī)并聯(lián)布置，如1

100、K103型、MG344型等。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可不用搖臂行星頭，裝煤效果好，機(jī)頭尾自開缺口性能好，缺點(diǎn)是搖臂強(qiáng)度低。</p><p>　　2)截割電動(dòng)機(jī)布置在搖臂煤壁側(cè)。前滾筒反轉(zhuǎn)割底，后滾筒正轉(zhuǎn)割頂，當(dāng)頂煤、偽頂大量跨落在前后截割電機(jī)之間時(shí)，采煤機(jī)可能進(jìn)退不得。</p><p>　　3)截割電動(dòng)機(jī)布置在搖臂采空側(cè)。如果是單電機(jī)，可能由于電機(jī)直徑過大，影響到過煤間隙，或電機(jī)過長(zhǎng)，則受到機(jī)道寬度的限制。