外文翻譯---車載無線傳感器網絡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計

1、<p>　　江漢大學畢業(yè)論文（設計）</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　原文來源 Wireless sensor network monitoring system design </p><p>　　中文譯文 車載無線傳感器網絡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計</p><p>　　姓 名

2、 李俊杰 </p><p>　　學 號 200807201141 </p><p>　　2012年 1月 15 日</p><p>　　Wireless sensor network monitoring system design</p><p>　　Kang yi-mei,Zhao le

3、i,Hu jiang,Yang en-bo</p><p>　　(Study on Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics)</p><p>　　Summary: A car wireless sensor network monitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee s

4、tandards. With universal wireless sensor networks, expansion of the scope of monitoring and monitoring functions for in-car system, car data acquisition and condition monitoring of equipment status and the necessary equi

5、pment control, topology control, topology query functions.</p><p>　　Keywords: wireless sensor networks; monitoring system</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　In order to satisfy the peop

6、le to car safety, handling and comfort requirements, vehicle integrated with more and more electronic system .At present, car electronic equipment is widely used 16 or 32-bit microprocessor control. Creating in-vehicle m

7、onitoring system based on IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee standard for wireless sensor networks, designed to achieve a more optimized wireless sensor networks, the progressive realization of the network of automotive systems, i

8、ntelligent and controllable to p</p><p>　　System design</p><p>　　In this paper, the existing vehicle system, the data transmission mode is extended to the wireless transmission mode, the realiza

9、tion of a star network data acquisition system. And can place each data acquisition node of the acquired data is transmitted to the gateway, the gateway through the serial port to upload data to the host computer, in the

10、 host data real-time waveform display, and method of database to preserve, for the follow-up data processing. The application of system object is compo</p><p>　　As shown in Figure 1, the system is divided in

11、to 3 parts: Vehicle Monitoring Center, gateway and mobile sensor node. Gateway is the whole vehicle system core, and all vehicular sensor node communication. Vehicle monitoring center to the gateway sends a control comma

12、nd by the gateway, the control command is converted to an RF signal and sent to the vehicle sensor node. When the vehicle sensor nodes to transmit data, gateway into the data reception state, and upload data to the monit

13、oring center f</p><p>　　Vehicle sensor node life cycle is active and dormant periods. Nodes in the active phase of the completion of data acquisition, data sent to the gateway, receiving and executing gatewa

14、y command; in the dormant period off the wireless RF module in order to save energy, until the next active period. System through this mechanism of dormancy to reduce energy consumption, extend the time span of the syste

15、m as a whole.</p><p>　　The system used PC as the control center, PC machine monitoring software in VB development environment, is a dialog based application software. In order to improve the communication mo

16、dule of the intelligent level, in the design, its function is not limited to the real-time data display, all of the data collection by the monitoring software by sending a request signal to the trigger. Considering the o

17、riginal data for subsequent processing and in-depth analysis of the vehicle system, can accurate</p><p>　　Generally speaking, the whole network are controlled by the host monitoring software, the working pro

18、cess of every node of the network is the need of human participation.</p><p>　　2 hardware system design</p><p>　　2.1application chip introduction</p><p>　　MC13192with IEEE802.15.4 s

19、tandard, the operating frequency is2.405～ 2.480 GHz, data transmission rate of 250kbps, using 0-QPSK debugging mode. This feature-rich two-way 2.4GHz transceiver with a data modem which can be in the ZigBee technology ap

20、plication. It also has an optimized digital core, helps to reduce the MCU processing power, shorten the cycle of execution.</p><p>　　The main control MCU choose HCS08series of low power, high performance mic

21、roprocessor MC9S08GB60. The processor has a 60Application of KB programmable Flash、4 KB RAM,10 ADC,8 channel2 asynchronous serial communication interface ( SCI ),1 synchronous serial interface ( SPI ) and I2C bus module,

22、 can fully meet the requirement of vehicle gateway and node processor requirements.</p><p>　　2.2 MCl3192and MC9S08GB60hardware connection</p><p>　　MC13192and MC9S08GB60 hardware connection diagr

23、am as shown in figure 2. The MC13192control and data transmission on 4 wire serial peripheral interface ( SPI ) is completed, the4interface signals were MOS-I, MISO,, SPICLK. The main control MCU through the control sign

24、al exiting sleep mode or hibernation mode, through to reset the transceiver, through the RXTXEN to control the data sending and receiving, or force the transceiver into idle mode. The sensor output analog signal through

25、MCU 8 Channel</p><p>　　The 3system software design</p><p>　　3.1of overall software design</p><p>　　The software design is the design of the core, the key lies in the overall framewo

26、rk of software and data structure design. An important factor to consider is a efficiency, another is to design the clarity.</p><p>　　System software consists of the gateway node and the sensor node is compo

27、sed of two parts, the two parts are needed to complete the SMAC protocol transplantation, and according to the different needs for the upper communication applications with API interface function. Because the SMAC protoc

28、ol stack programming model using hierarchical design, only the underlying PHY and MAC program level and related hardware, and network layer and application layer procedures is not affected by hardware effect</p>&

29、lt;p>　　As shown in Figure 3, the design of the software for system platform layer, protocol layer and application layer 3layer. At the same time, defines 3API interface: system layer interface, protocol layer and appl

30、ication layer interface. System level interface defines a hardware register mapping, so C language to be able to directly access the hardware registers to control hardware. System platform based on real-time operating sy

31、stem μC/II protocol layer, to provide system services Hardware driving</p><p>　　3.2sensor node software design</p><p>　　Based on the long-term use of the functional requirements, sensor nodes in

32、 the software design is the key to achieve the required functions, and can minimize the energy consumption of the sensor nodes.</p><p>　　It was found, ZigBee module and the energy consumption is much larger

33、than the central processor and the energy consumption of sensor module. Therefore, the sensor node design of application software to try to make each module in a dormant state, and minimizing wakes ZigBee module number.

34、Therefore, the sensor nodes, power of each functional module initialization is completed, and joined the network, enter the Sleep state, the central processor cycles to be timed wake-up to send data to the gate</p>

35、<p>　　The 3.3 gateway node software design</p><p>　　Gateway downward management sensor node, to complete and PC monitoring center of interaction, the need for a complicated task management and schedul

36、ing, therefore, based on the uC / OS kernel of embedded operating system to manage the gateway, the application task efficiently provide good software support. According to gateway function demand, the μC / OS-II, SMAC p

37、rotocol organic union, form a network operating environment, the user can conveniently on the basis of its development and applicati</p><p>　　The 3.4 host monitoring software design</p><p>　　Thi

38、s system is the ultimate goal of the collected vehicle sensor data is transmitted in real-time to the host, and the host of display and preservation. Display is designed to get on-board sensor node monitoring environment

39、 of the initial situation, preservation is designed as an in-depth analysis of the data samples. In addition, the system as a whole the main prosecution and the data acquisition request initiator, need to be able to send

40、 the data request signal in accordance with the requireme</p><p>　　①data waveform display module. The role of the module is a form of waveform data of the node to be displayed in real-time, it is the use of

41、MS Chart and Timer control.</p><p>　　②topology display module. When the user wants to know the wireless sensor network topology construction situation, you can view the topological information, understanding

42、 of network nodes join and loss.</p><p>　　The historical data display module. In vehicle network system to a certain period of the past, may need a certain period of time the original data for subsequent pro

43、cessing and in-depth analysis, so that the vehicle system of accurate judgement. With the aid of historical data display module, the control center from the gateway of the data obtained, according to the different attrib

44、utes of the nodes, address and time are saved to the database of the corresponding field, and may be will displayed</p><p>　　The controlling module :In vehicle during system operation may be concerned about

45、a vehicle sensor value node, or to a sensor threshold settings, for monitoring environmental exceptions can be promptly reported to the system. These are available through the control module of the system are correspondi

46、ng to the set, the control module can also be on the system in which one does not need to delete the node.</p><p>　　In short, through the host monitoring software users can visually and many aspects of gener

47、al wireless sensor network systems to understand and use.</p><p>　　4 test and verification</p><p>　　4.1 testing</p><p>　　Testing equipment:4 MCl3192ZigBee chip node,1as a gateway no

48、de, the remaining 3as sensor nodes.</p><p>　　Test method: the gateway node power,4 LED and light, scanning channel if the search to the idle channel, the LED goes out and join the free channel for. The senso

49、r node power,4 LED scanning in the channel at the same time, polling light. LED1 flashes once when the sensor nodes receive the allocation address of the gateway node, So far, networking process and address binding proce

50、ss is complete.</p><p>　　4.2 Zigbee RF communication test</p><p>　　Testing equipment: ZigBee node 4, a computer terminal station</p><p>　　Test method: according to the ZigBee transm

51、ission frame format, the actual transmission total bytes for ( n 6), namely ( n 6) bytes for a data packet. According to the set parameters of the software, such as packet loss is the loss number plus 1. If the received

52、data packet, receives the data packet number plus 1, and then sends the data were compared with data, if the data is correct, the number of packets plus 1, and error packets number plus 1. The last statistic results, can

53、 know the data pa</p><p>　　Experimental analysis of: in a star network for data transmission, the test results significantly worse on a single point to single point transmission mode. This is mainly because,

54、 in the transmission process node must exist between the frequency interference and other interference.</p><p>　　4.3power test</p><p>　　System status and hibernation, respectively, using a multi

55、meter to test the gateway node and the power consumption of sensor nodes, the test results listed in Table 2.</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　This paper analyzes the IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee protoc

56、ol, combined with the general development principles of communication systems and embedded systems, IEEE802.15.4 protocol on the μC / OS-II operating system, select the appropriate hardware and software platform, focusin

57、g on software support for the platform, the software design of the overall structure of the communication protocol stack, and ultimately to achieve a compliant with the ZigBee specification car star wireless data acquisi

58、tion </p><p>　?、?system easy to install. Wireless interconnection makes the equipment installation location is flexible to meet the requirements of the automation system is installed. It is simply that the p

59、ower can take equipment. The network system can automatically complete the network configuration.</p><p>　?、?scalability. Equipment within the coverage of the vehicle gateway, turn on the device, the node wi

60、ll automatically join the network.③ network self-healing ability. If the network is a device fails, the vehicle gateway can automatically monitor, issue the command the device reset and re-network.</p><p>　　

61、車載無線傳感器網絡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計</p><p>　　康一梅，趙 磊，胡 江，楊恩博 </p><p>　?。ň妥x于北京航天航空大學）</p><p>　　摘要：基于IEEE 802．15．4和ZigBee標準實現了一個車載無線傳感器網絡監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。借助通用無線傳感器網絡，為車載系統(tǒng)擴展了監(jiān)控范圍和監(jiān)控功能，實現了車載設備狀態(tài)的數據采集和狀態(tài)監(jiān)視，以及必要的設備控制、拓

62、撲控制、拓撲查詢等功能。關鍵詞：無線傳感器網絡；監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)；MC9S08GB60；MC13192引言</p><p>　　為了滿足人們對車載安全性、操控性以及舒適性的要求，車載上集成了越來越多的電子系統(tǒng)。目前，汽車電子設備廣泛采用16位或32位微處理器進行控制。本文基于IEEE 802．15．4和ZigBee標準的無線傳感器網絡構建車載監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，設計實現更加優(yōu)化的無線傳感器網絡，逐步實現車載系統(tǒng)的網絡化、智能

63、化和可控性，以提，高車載系統(tǒng)的安全性。1 系統(tǒng)設計方案 本文在現有的車載系統(tǒng)上，將數據傳輸的方式擴展為無線傳輸方式，實現一個星型網絡的數據采集系統(tǒng)。并能分別將各個數據采集節(jié)點的所獲得的數據傳輸到網關，網關通過串口將數據上傳到主機上，在主機中實現數據的實時波形顯示，并以數據庫的方式加以保存，供后續(xù)數據處理。該采集系統(tǒng)的應用對象由溫度傳感器、油壓傳感器、轉速傳感器、速度傳感器、電流傳感器、壓力傳感器等傳感器子系統(tǒng)所組成。這樣設計的

64、目的是用一個監(jiān)控主機端來檢測多個待測目標環(huán)境，考慮到接入的數據吞吐量和軟件系統(tǒng)的復雜程度，采用時分復用的方式，逐個對網內的終端采集點進行控制采集。 如圖1所示，該車載系統(tǒng)分3個部分：車載監(jiān)控中心、車載網關和車載傳感器節(jié)點。車載網關是整個車載系統(tǒng)的核心，可以和所有</p><p>　　圖1 系統(tǒng)結構總體圖</p><p>　　車載傳感器節(jié)點的生命周期由活躍期和休眠期構成。節(jié)點在活躍期

65、完成數據采集，向網關發(fā)送數據，接收并執(zhí)行網關命令；在休眠期關閉無線射頻模塊以節(jié)省能量，直到下一個活躍期來臨。系統(tǒng)通過這種休眠機制來減少系統(tǒng)的能量消耗，延長系統(tǒng)整體壽命。 本系統(tǒng)用PC機作為監(jiān)控中心，PC機上的監(jiān)控軟件在VB環(huán)境下開發(fā)，是一個基于對話框的應用軟件。為了提高通信傳輸模塊的智能化水平，在設計中，它的功能不限于數據的實時顯示，所有的數據采集由監(jiān)控軟件通過發(fā)送請求信號的方式觸發(fā)?？紤]到原始數據需要進行后續(xù)的處理與深入的分析

66、，才能對車載系統(tǒng)的狀況進行準確的判定，軟件中還添加了數據文件形式的保存與數據文件回顯功能。 總體上來講，整個網絡的所有節(jié)點都受控于主機監(jiān)控軟件，工作過程中網絡的每一個節(jié)點都不需要人為的參與。2 系統(tǒng)硬件設計2．1 應用芯片介紹 Freescale公司的MC13192符合IEEE 802．15．4標準，工作頻率是2．405～2．480 GHz，數據傳輸速率為250kbps，采用0-QPSK調試方式。這種功能豐富的雙向

67、2．4 GHz收發(fā)器帶有一個數據調制解調器，可以在ZigBee</p><p>　　圖2 MC13192與MC9S08GB60的硬件連接圖 </p><p>　　3 系統(tǒng)軟件設計3．1 軟件整體設計 軟件設計是本設計的核心，關鍵在于軟件的總體架構和數據結構的設計。著重要考慮的因素一個是效率，另一個是設計的清晰性。車載系統(tǒng)軟件由網關節(jié)點與傳感器節(jié)點兩大部分組成，這兩部分都需要完成

68、SMAC協(xié)議的移植，并根據不同需要為上層通信應用提供API接口函數。因為SMAC協(xié)議棧編程模型采用層次設計，只有底層的PHY和MAC程序層與硬件相關，而網絡層和應用層程序則不受硬件影響。SMAC在不同硬件平臺的移植只需修改PHY和MAC層，其上各層可以屏蔽硬件差異直接運行。 如圖3所示，本設計把軟件分為系統(tǒng)平臺層、協(xié)議層和應用層3層。同時，定義了3個API接口：系統(tǒng)層接口、協(xié)議層接口和應用層接口。系統(tǒng)層接口定義了硬件的寄存器映射

69、，這樣C語言就能直接訪問硬件寄存器來控制硬件。系統(tǒng)平臺層建立在μC／OS-II實時操作系統(tǒng)上，為協(xié)議層提供系統(tǒng)服務。硬件驅動模塊提供硬件驅動程序，所有對硬件的控制都通過該模塊提供的服務。系統(tǒng)平臺層通過協(xié)議層接口為協(xié)議層提供服務。協(xié)議層則實現了基于IEEE 802．15．4的物理層和鏈路層以及基于ZigBee的網絡層協(xié)議。應用層通</p><p><b>　　圖3 軟件總體結構</b><

70、/p><p>　　3．2 傳感器節(jié)點軟件設計 基于系統(tǒng)長期使用的功能需求，傳感器節(jié)點中軟件設計的關鍵是既能實現所需的功能，又能最大限度地減少傳感器節(jié)點的能耗。 通過測試發(fā)現，ZigBee模塊的能耗要遠遠大于中央處理器和傳感模塊的能耗。因此，傳感器節(jié)點應用軟件的設計既要盡量使各模塊處于休眠狀態(tài)，又要盡量減少喚醒ZigBee模塊的次數。因此，在傳感器節(jié)點上電各功能模塊初始化完成、并加入了網絡后，即進入休眠

71、狀態(tài)，中央處理器周期地被定時喚醒向網關發(fā)送數據，并接收網關的命令。傳感器節(jié)點的工作流程如圖4所示。</p><p>　　圖4 傳感器節(jié)點主程序流程</p><p>　　3．3 網關節(jié)點軟件設計 車載網關向下管理傳感器節(jié)點，向上完成和PC監(jiān)控中心的交互，需要進行復雜的任務管理和調度，因此，采用基于uC／OS內核的嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)管理整個網關，為應用任務的高效運行提供良好的軟件平臺支撐。

72、根據網關的功能需求，將μC／OS-II、SMAC協(xié)議有機的結合，構成一個網絡化的操作環(huán)境，用戶可以方便地在其基礎上開發(fā)應用程序?；讦藽／OS-II擴展的網關軟件平臺結構如圖5所示?；讦藽／OS-II操作系統(tǒng)，分別構建系統(tǒng)任務SYS_task()、SMAC星型組網任務START_task()、網關和傳感器節(jié)點交互任務COMM_task()、PC臨控中心端口監(jiān)聽任務SER_task()等一系列應用任務，從而實現網關軟件的應用功能。<

73、;/p><p>　　3．4 主機監(jiān)控軟件的設計</p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)最終目的是將采集到的車載傳感器數據實時地傳送到主機，并在主機</p><p>　　中得到顯示和保存。顯示的目的是獲得被車載傳感器節(jié)點所監(jiān)控環(huán)境的初步情況，保存的目的是作為深入分析的數據樣本。除此以外，作為整個系統(tǒng)的主控方和數據采集請求的發(fā)起者，需要能夠按照要求發(fā)送數據請求信號。根據以上要求，在VB

74、環(huán)境下開發(fā)了一個基于對話框的應用程序。這個應用程序包括了4個模塊： ①實時數據顯示波形模塊。該模塊的作用是將節(jié)點的數據以波形的形式實時地進行顯示，實現的方式是利用MSChart和Timer控件。</p><p>　?、谕負滹@示模塊。當用戶希望了解無線傳感器網絡的拓撲構建情況時，可以查看拓撲信息欄，了解網絡中節(jié)點的加入和丟失情況。 ③歷史數據顯示模塊。在車載網絡系統(tǒng)運行到一定時期，可能需要對過去某一

75、段時間的原始數據進行后續(xù)的處理與深入的分析，以便對車載系統(tǒng)的狀況進行準確的判定。借助歷史數據顯示模塊，可以將監(jiān)控中心從車載網關中得到的數據，按照不同節(jié)點的屬性、地址和時間分別保存到數據庫的相應字段中，并可以通過波形圖的方式將歷史數據顯示出來，供用戶分析。 ④控制模塊。在車載系統(tǒng)運行過程中可能關心某一個車載傳感器節(jié)點的數值，或者需要對某一個傳感器進行閾值設置，以便待監(jiān)測的環(huán)境出現異常情況可以及時地報告給系統(tǒng)。這些都可以通過控制模塊

76、對系統(tǒng)進行相應的設置，控制模塊還可以對系統(tǒng)中的某個不需要的節(jié)點進行刪除操作。總之，通過主機監(jiān)控軟件用戶可以直觀且多方面地對通用無線傳感器網絡系統(tǒng)進行了解和使用。4 測試與驗證 4．1 組網測試 測試設備：4個MCl3192 ZigBee芯片節(jié)點，1個作為網關節(jié)點，其余3個作為傳感器節(jié)點。 測試方法：網關節(jié)點上電后，4個LED同時點亮，掃描信道</p><p>　　實驗分析：在星形網絡中進行

77、數據傳輸，測試結果明顯差于單點對單點傳輸方式。這主要是因為，在傳輸過程中節(jié)點之間存在一定的頻率干擾和其他干擾。4．3 功耗測試 作狀態(tài)和休眠狀態(tài)下，分別使用萬用表測試網關節(jié)點和傳感器節(jié)點的功耗情況，測試結果如表2所列。</p><p>　　結語 本文分析E 802．15．4和ZigBee協(xié)議，結合通信系統(tǒng)和嵌入式系統(tǒng)的一般開發(fā)原則，在μC／OS-II操作系統(tǒng)上實現IEEE802．15．4協(xié)議，選

78、擇合適的軟硬件平臺，著重于軟件支撐平臺的構建、軟件總體結構設計以及通信協(xié)議棧的實現，最終實現了一個符合ZigBee規(guī)范的車載星型無線數據采集網絡。該系統(tǒng)具有以</p><p>　　下的優(yōu)勢：①系統(tǒng)安裝方便。無線互連使得設備安裝位置靈活，同時滿足了系統(tǒng)安裝的自動化要求。人們只需要把設備上電就可以了。該車載網絡系統(tǒng)能夠自動完成網絡的配置。②可擴展性。把設備放在車載網關的覆蓋范圍以內，打開設備電源，節(jié)點將自動加入網