外文翻譯--中國冷藏車發(fā)展趨勢研究

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　附錄A 外文文獻原文</p><p>　　MARKET FORECASTTHE ANALYSIS OF TENDENCYOF </p><p>　　REFRIGERATED RAIL TRUCK</p><p>　　Deng Xiaoju, You

2、 Wenli, Zhang Yingkui</p><p>　　College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology</p><p>　　In the logistic of food refrigerated supply chain, food refrigerated transp

3、ort is the most important. The transport we say includes middle-distance transport, long-distance transport, short-distance.</p><p>　　Since 1978, with the improvement of people’s living standard, the consump

4、tion of the perishable food has increased rapidly and the refrigerated rail transport has developed too .But compared with the developed countries, we should realize that we have a long way to go.</p><p>　　1

5、. The problems in the development or the refrigerated rail truck and the gap between China and other developed countries.</p><p>　　At present, in China the problems in the industry of the refrigerated rail t

6、ruck: invest but not focus, construct repeatedly, produce but not focus and not big enough to obtain profit. Now in China there are about seventy full-time and part-time manufactories, most of which just use common ways

7、to produce the refrigerated rail truck. Now also in China there are only seven or eight manufactories that have advanced equipment and technology. Each year they con provide l0.000 refrigerated rail truck</p><

8、p>　　The total number of the refrigerated rail trucks in China is about 30.000,but in the United States it is about 20.000. Though China's land is 20 times as large as that or Japan, in Japan the total number is ab

9、out 10.000.</p><p>　　Among vans, only 0.3% is refrigerated rail trucks in China. While in the United Slates is 1%. In Britain, 2.8%, and in France and Germany 2%-3% .In China, refrigerated transport rate is

10、less than 20%, while in those developed countries such as the United States, Europe, Japan it is above 80%.</p><p>　　Now in China a variety of refrigerated rail truck has increased and production technology

11、has improved greatly. But in many aspects we still need improvement. For example, there are only about 100 varieties of refrigerated rail truck, which can’t meet the need of the market. But in Japan in the early 70s ther

12、e were about 350 varieties.</p><p>　　2. The analysis of tendency of refrigerated rail truck development in China.</p><p>　　(1)Tendency of market demand. According to the statistics, in China the

13、 increased rate of production of the easily rotten food is above l0% per year. In the cities, there are about 50 million tons of the meat, the fowl and eggs and about 6 million tons of dairy products that are sold. With

14、the increase of production and sale, and the improvement of refrigerated transport rate, the transport capacity of our refrigerated food will increase rapidly. From the analysis of the construction of refriger</p>

15、<p>　　(2)Production structure and tendency of technology development. With the development of highway construction, heavy-duty truck will be the main tool of the long-distance refrigerated rail transport. And light

16、-duty truck will be used to transport the perishable food.</p><p>　　Now China attach much importance to saving energy and environment protection , and mechanical refrigeration is the main method in refrigera

17、tion technology, but the waste pollution and noise pollution is a little serious and the energy can’t be used completely. Therefore, which the development of technology, the refrigerated rail truck, which uses new energy

18、, will appear. </p><p>　　In order to apply to the variety, and the requirement for reducing cost, the refrigerated rail truck will be certain to develop in the direction of small units, standardization and v

19、ariety.</p><p>　　(3)Tendency of reform in structure of refrigerated rail truck manufactory. In the logistics of the refrigerated supply chain, refrigerated rail truck is a production, which contains high tec

20、hnology. With the development of the market, keen competition will appear. A few specialized manufactories will gradually occupy the most of the market, because they have so many advantages, such as large scale, high tec

21、hnology, good quality, good service, timely supply and advanced management. Other manufact</p><p>　　All in all, in the market of refrigerated rail truck, because of competition between manufactories, product

22、 production will be centralized in 6-8manufactories. It’s inevitable that good manufactories will succeed while the bad ones will fail. So all the manufactories should analyze the market features seriously, analyze compe

23、titor advantages, disadvantages and find a market chance, so chat they can manufactories that can apply to the market quickly will develop further.know their market position</p><p>　　附錄B 外文文獻中文翻譯</p>

24、<p>　　中國冷藏車發(fā)展趨勢研究</p><p>　　鄧曉菊，游文麗，張英奎</p><p>　　在食品供應(yīng)物流鏈中，食品的保鮮運輸時最重要的。我們所說的運輸通常是包括了長途運輸、中途運輸和短途運輸?shù)摹?lt;/p><p>　　自從1978以來，伴隨著人民生活水平的提高，對于新鮮食品的消耗量也迅速增加，同時推動了冷藏運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展。但與發(fā)達國家相比，我們應(yīng)該正

25、確認識到我們在冷藏運輸?shù)陌l(fā)展道路上還有很長的一段路要走。</p><p>　　1.中國冷藏車發(fā)展問題和與發(fā)達國家的差距</p><p>　　目前，中國冷藏車工業(yè)所面臨的問題是：有投資，但并未得到充分關(guān)注，重復(fù)建設(shè)，營利性差。在中國現(xiàn)存的70多家機械制造廠中，大部分的廠子都還在應(yīng)用普通的方式生產(chǎn)冷藏車，只有7～8家擁有先進的設(shè)備和技術(shù)。每年都有大約10000輛冷藏車投入市場進行銷售，可是僅有

26、4000輛會被購買，這就意味著投資回收難度的增大。</p><p>　　目前中國在用冷藏車大約有30000輛，而在美國，在用冷藏車已經(jīng)達到20000輛。與領(lǐng)國日本相比，雖然我們的國土面積將近是日本的20倍，但是日本在用冷藏車數(shù)量也達到了10000輛。</p><p>　　在中國，冷藏車只占到貨車總數(shù)的0.3%。然而在美國這個比例是1%，英國是2.8%，法國和德國達到了2%～3%。我國冷藏車

27、運輸量在總運輸量中所占有的比例還不到20%，與之相對的是，在美國、歐洲、日本等發(fā)達國家中，冷藏車運輸量往往達到了80%以上。</p><p>　　雖然現(xiàn)在冷藏車的樣式得到了豐富，制造技術(shù)也大大的得到了提高，但我們還是有很多方面需要改善。面對市場的需求，我們只有100多種冷藏車可以說是遠遠無法滿足市場的。在日本七十年代初就已經(jīng)擁有了350多種冷藏車。</p><p>　　2.中國冷藏車發(fā)展趨

28、勢研究</p><p>　　（1）市場需求趨勢。從相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)中可以看出，保質(zhì)期限較短的食品的生產(chǎn)正以每年10%的增長速度增長。在城市中，有大約5億噸的肉類、禽類及蛋類和大約6百萬噸的日常生活用品需要銷售?？梢钥闯?，隨著這些食品與生后用品的生產(chǎn)和銷售，冷藏運輸食品的能力將大大提高。從對冷藏車運輸構(gòu)造研究中，可以看出，公路冷藏運輸大約為25%，鐵路冷藏運輸為55%，20%為其他方式冷藏運輸。在發(fā)達國家中，公路冷藏

29、運輸往往可以達到60%～80%。在中國十五規(guī)劃中，已經(jīng)將高速公路與高等級公路建設(shè)作為重點建設(shè)工程，這將有助于刺激公路冷藏運輸比例的提高。根據(jù)對2005年的預(yù)測，我國冷藏運輸?shù)臄?shù)量將達到一千八百萬噸。</p><p>　?。?）產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢。隨著高速公路建設(shè)的發(fā)展，重載汽車將主要承載長途冷藏運輸?shù)娜蝿?wù)，輕型汽車會更多的應(yīng)用于保質(zhì)期更短的食品的運輸中。</p><p>　　隨著節(jié)約能

30、源與環(huán)境保護意識的提高，機械式制冷將成為制冷的主要技術(shù)，但是廢棄物污染和噪聲污染還是比較嚴重，同時伴隨著能源不能夠充分利用。因此，應(yīng)用新能源冷藏車的將得到發(fā)展。</p><p>　　同時，為了適應(yīng)市場的多樣性以及降低成本的要求，冷藏車將向著單元化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和多樣性發(fā)展。</p><p>　?。?）冷藏車機構(gòu)制造變革趨勢。在冷藏運輸物流鏈中，冷藏車是作為一種擁有高技術(shù)的工具來提高支持。隨著市場

31、的發(fā)展，一定會伴隨著競爭的產(chǎn)生。一些制造特殊冷藏車的廠子會大量占有市場，因為它們擁有高等級、高科技、質(zhì)量好、服務(wù)好、及時性和先進的管理等優(yōu)點。剩余的制造廠雖然也對冷藏車工業(yè)的發(fā)展有積極作用，但它們一定要有自己明確的市場定位，否則很難在競爭中勝出。</p><p>　　總之，在冷藏車市場中，因為制造廠的競爭，產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)將集中在6～8家制造廠。顯然，只有優(yōu)秀的制造廠才能在競爭中存活下來。因此，制造廠應(yīng)該認真研究市場的