撒丁島海岸旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2811字</b></p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯</p><p>　　題目Integrated, sustainable touristic development of the karstic coastline of SW Sardinia </p><p>　

2、　出 處： Journal of Coastal Conservation，2003:81-90. </p><p>　　作 者：Arisci,A.;DeWaele,J.; Di Gregorio, F.; Ferrucci, I. Follesa, R. </p><p><b>　　原文<

3、/b></p><p><b>　　Abstract.</b></p><p>　　In the coastal karstic region of SW Sardinia, many interesting geological monuments, ecotopes and several places of social and cultural inte

4、rest that deserve preservation and valorization can be found. This mostly rocky coastline is characterized by the presence of a Cambrian sequence prevalently.composed of limestones and dolostones and only locally of phyl

5、lites. A correct use of the many environmental and cultural monuments is necessary both to preserve and to valorize them; therefore they hav</p><p>　　Keywords: </p><p>　　Coastal Landscape Ec

6、ological Zone Sustainable Development</p><p>　　1.Introduction</p><p>　　The southwestern coast of Sardinia, stretching from Capo Pecora in the north to Nebida in the south, is one of the scient

7、ifically most interesting coastal areas of Sardinia. Until only 20 yr ago the most important economic activities in the region were related to mining, which industry has left considerable traces in the landscape.Recently

8、 the people living in these old mining villages are trying to treat the industrial remains as archaeological monuments, and make them a tourist attraction,toge</p><p>　　In the present paper we describe the m

9、ost important of these monuments, emphasizing their use in the framework of an integrated model of cultural touristic development.</p><p>　　Geological outline</p><p>　　The coastal karstic region

10、 of SW Sardinia forms part of the Cambrian Iglesiente massif, which has been intensively exploited for lead and zinc in the past. The Palaeozoic rocks in the area have been described by Pillola (1989) and Bechstadt &

11、 Boni (1996). From a stratigraphic point of view the Cambrian succession in SW Sardinia is divided in three major groups: Nebida,Gonnesa and Iglesias。The Nebida Group (Lower Cambrian) is composed of a delta and coastal s

12、ediments and is divided into two form</p><p>　　The Gonnesa Group (Lower-Middle Cambrian) is characterized by typically carbonatic deep-sea sediments and is divided into two formations according to its trilo

13、bite contents: the Santa Barbara Formation (mainly dolomitized rocks) and the San Giovanni Formation (intensely karstified limestones). In these carbonatic rocks we find most of the Mississippi Valley type ore deposits a

14、nd their oxidized equivalents with economically important concentrations of lead and zinc minerals, which have been mined</p><p>　　The prevailing structures in the coastal area of CapoPecora-Nebida are folds

15、 directed N-S that involve both Ordovician and Cambrian rocks and the great anticline of Canalgrande-Punta Sa Gloria with an E-W direction(Civita et al. 1983).</p><p>　　Geological and other monuments</p&g

16、t;<p>　　presents the most interesting geological,environmental, industrial-archaeological and cultural monuments and sites (Arisci et al. 2001a)To the north of the studied area lies Capo Pecora,composed of late He

17、rcynian and thoroughly fractured tonalitic granodiorites with a wide variety of colours ranging from pink to grey. These granitic rocks form a promontory, extending to the west and eroded by wind and sea. In spring this

18、area is characterized by the spectacular blooming of the Mediterranean lily</p><p>　　The dune system of Portixeddu extends over an area of ca. 4 km south of the village and is composed of at least three gen

19、erations of eolian deposits dating from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene (Cesaraccio et al.1986; Arisci et al. 1999). From a morphological point of view longitudinal, parabolic and transversal dunes can be distingu

20、ished. Since more than 40 yr this dune field has been stabilized through the plantation of many trees and shrubs. This makes this area very interesting; it ha</p><p>　　The coast between Portixeddu and San Ni

21、colò is characterized by an almost 3 km long beach fed by the Portixeddu dune field (App. 1). This is the most important beach of this area, and a major attraction for tourists during the summer season. The sands of

22、 the beach show a typical variation of psammophilic vegetation; on the embryonic dunes Agropyron junceum prevails, on themmobile dunes the Ammophila littoralis, and on the inner dunes the abundance of the endemic Silene

23、corsica can be noted (Moss</p><p>　　Behind the extensive dune field lies Piscina Morta, a little natural temporary freshwater lake formed by the obstruction of some minor streamlets by eolian sand deposits.

24、This marshy lake can completely dry out in the hot summer months. One flank of this lake is settled on grey-greenish Upper Ordovician fossiliferous slates upon which three different generations of eolian sands are deposi

25、ted (Cesaraccio et al. 1986).Between San Nicolò and the little town of Buggerru waxy limestone of the San Gio</p><p>　　On the plateau immediately south of Buggerru the abandoned mine village of Pranu Sa

26、rtu can be visited:this settlement is related to an oxidized Pb-Zn deposit and to the Malfidano mine company. This mineral deposit was discovered in 1867 and was exploited first for Pb and Zn, later also for Ag, until th

27、e early 1950s (Mezzolani& Simoncini 1993). In the near future the ruins of this village, on the border of a big open pit excavation can become a major tourist attraction of the area, together with </p><p&g

28、t;　　On the flank of Monte Malfidano above Buggerru some boys from the town discovered, only ca. 15 yr ago,the small entrance of the Grotta delle Lumache. The greatness of the cave has immediately led to the closure of th

29、e entrance by a fence to prevent the destruction of the beautiful concretions. It opens in the limestones of Lower Cambrian age. The rooms are characterized by great fossil columns, and the beauty of the cave has suggest

30、ed its tourist exploitation from the beginning. At the end of th</p><p>　　Some examples of geo-environmental monitoring</p><p>　　In order to assess the environmental impact on the natural and ge

31、ological monuments, and especially on those where tourist pressure and impact is greatest (e.g.coastal landscapes, beaches, dunes and subterranean environments) several monitoring projects have been performed in the stud

32、y area. Among these the most interesting are the monitoring campaigns organized for the Portixeddu beach in the past four years (Arisci et al.2001a) and the ones co-ordinated by the Italian Speleo logical Society in</

33、p><p>　　2.Sustainable coastal touristic development</p><p>　　The coastal area from Capo Pecora to Nebida, until recently exploited for its mineral deposits, has a considerable chance of becoming an

34、 attractive touristic centre.Recently, many of the geosites and archaeological-in-dustrial mine localities have been restored in order to attract tourists, but much work is still necessary.Many sites described above have

35、 been classified, the first five as a ‘Site of Communitarian Interest’ according to the CEE directive 92/43 ‘Habitat’.Other areas have been pro</p><p>　　Special care has to be taken for the beach and the du

36、nes of Portixeddu-San Nicolò through increasing facilities and safety while avoiding the destruction of the young dunes and its typical vegetation.</p><p>　　3.Conclusions</p><p>　　The SW co

37、ast of Sardinia is considered one of the most interesting coastal areas and landscapes of Sardinia.Since the closure of the mines 20 yr ago the main local income is from tourism related to the industrial-archaeological r

38、emains, together with many geological, natural and cultural monuments and to the importance and variety of the coastal landscape. The integrated model of sustainable development of this exceptional coastal landscape, pro

39、posed in this paper, is based on several thematic m</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　撒丁島海岸旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　撒丁島海岸位于沿海巖溶地區(qū)，在這里可以找到許多

40、地質(zhì)遺跡、生態(tài)區(qū)、和社會、文化等方面值得保存的古跡景觀。這主要是由于這個地區(qū)的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)是由灰?guī)r和白云巖組成，因此容易形成許多環(huán)境和文物古跡，所以必須使得當(dāng)?shù)氐木用窦罢軌蛘_的開發(fā)并且保護(hù)這些古跡，妥善管理這些難得的地質(zhì)景觀，從而保護(hù)自然環(huán)境的原真性。在本文中對這些地址景觀進(jìn)行描述和分類，目的是保護(hù)海岸線地質(zhì)景觀、生態(tài)區(qū)等這些古跡可持續(xù)發(fā)展而提出的綜合模型。是在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理論上，以當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)和地貌景觀為基礎(chǔ)，為這個海岸地區(qū)的旅游線路

41、發(fā)展而創(chuàng)造的。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 沿海景觀 生態(tài)區(qū) 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 </p><p><b>　　一、引言</b></p><p>　　撒丁島西南海岸，是著名的撒丁島海岸的地區(qū)之一。直到20年前，該地區(qū)最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動共涉及工業(yè)采礦等，每個行業(yè)上在這些老礦區(qū)村莊共存并留下了相應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)、生活痕跡，人們正在嘗試把這些工業(yè)痕跡作為考

42、古古跡，因?yàn)檫@些行業(yè)留下大量的生產(chǎn)痕跡，而這些生產(chǎn)痕跡可以作為旅游景點(diǎn)的地質(zhì)、生態(tài)和文化古跡。在本文中，主要介紹這些古跡中最重要的特點(diǎn)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)他們在對文化旅游發(fā)展的作用。</p><p>　　撒丁島西南海岸的地質(zhì)為撒丁島形式的寒武紀(jì)地塊，在過去這個地塊是沿海開發(fā)深入地區(qū)之一。該地區(qū)的古生代巖石結(jié)構(gòu)也分成很多種（Pillola,1989 Bechstadt，1996）。從地層結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)來看，撒丁島的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)分為三

43、大類：第一種是由沿海三角洲的沉積物組成的，主要是兩種：砂巖和頁巖；灰?guī)r和鈣質(zhì)砂巖，這些巖石結(jié)構(gòu)式通過與碳酸水化石和地層砂巖等結(jié)合反應(yīng)后形成的。第二種是沉積物和地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)是由兩種組成：圣巴巴拉組（主要是白云巖）和圣喬萬尼組（強(qiáng)烈的巖溶灰?guī)r形成的巖石）。這些形成的巖石，是研究者們找到了密西西比河谷型礦床的鉛和鋅礦石，并且是在同等礦石中含鉛和鋅濃度最高的，并且具有很高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。第三種分為兩種：一是由瘤狀灰?guī)r組成，二是由頁巖的長期沉積等組成。經(jīng)

44、過長期的海岸和山體的運(yùn)動，從大陸板塊地區(qū)開始，并在中短期內(nèi)中出現(xiàn)的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)組合。在撒丁島沿海地區(qū)普遍的巖石結(jié)構(gòu)都是折疊定向（奇維塔等。1983年）。</p><p><b>　　二、文獻(xiàn)回顧</b></p><p>　?。ㄒ唬┑刭|(zhì)和其他古跡</p><p>　　本文介紹了地質(zhì)，環(huán)境，工業(yè)考古和文化古跡和遺址（Arisci。2001）。在對研究區(qū)

45、北臨卡波皮科拉，西臨撒丁島沿岸，以及組成這塊區(qū)域的各種各樣的巖石，其顏色種類從粉紅色至灰色等。這些巖石一般稱為花崗巖，這些花崗質(zhì)的巖石聚集從而形成一個海角，從東一直延伸至西，并時(shí)常經(jīng)受風(fēng)和海的侵蝕。每年的春季，這個海域的景觀特點(diǎn)有點(diǎn)類似于地中海風(fēng)格。由于特殊的巖石成性和形貌，這個地方已被列為地質(zhì)和天然景觀區(qū)域（巴薩與迪格雷戈里奧1999）。</p><p>　　這個海域邊沿的旅游村位于南海岸，這個村落是以豐富的化

46、石為主構(gòu)成的，一般主要由暗灰色粉砂巖和頁巖組成部分鈣，大概有50米厚（塞拉利昂，1991）。這個地方，因?yàn)槠浠ㄍ笞泐?，苔蘚蟲，海百合，雙殼類，三葉蟲及珊瑚）而構(gòu)成，所以這個區(qū)域的地形具有不完整的規(guī)則，而且其地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)也較為復(fù)雜。該地區(qū)的沙丘面積超過4公里，是由至少三個來自各個方向的沙丘組成（Cesaraccio，1986; Arisci，1999），所以沙丘的地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)非常不穩(wěn)定。從形態(tài)學(xué)角度縱向的角度，縱向和橫向沙丘可以區(qū)分。由于將近

47、40年，這一領(lǐng)域一直通過許多樹木和灌木林穩(wěn)定沙丘。這對這一領(lǐng)域的沙丘結(jié)構(gòu)的保護(hù)有很大作用，因此，這個方法被廣泛運(yùn)用于這個區(qū)域的沙丘，并且種植在撒丁島的各個地方。</p><p>　　撒丁島海岸的特點(diǎn)是近3公里長的海灘沙丘。這是本地區(qū)最重要的海灘，在夏季這是游客旅游的主要景點(diǎn)之一。海灘上的沙丘植被經(jīng)常會發(fā)生變化；還在胚胎時(shí)期未成長的沙丘也在這里可以見到，并在該地方的沙丘幾乎隨處可見（Mossa 1990）。在過去的

48、幾年里，地質(zhì)環(huán)境監(jiān)測使自然和人的關(guān)系在這產(chǎn)生的變化，使人們逐漸意識到對這個海岸區(qū)域的保護(hù)問題，直至在這個區(qū)域提出了一個令人滿意的對策（Cesaraccio，1986。狄格雷戈里奧，1997;。Arisci，1999）。沙丘背后的廣泛領(lǐng)域是由一個一個天然淡水湖泊組成的，以及一些暫由風(fēng)化作用和沙石等沉積物形成的小溪，逐漸形成的沼澤。這片沼澤湖泊在炎熱的夏季時(shí)完全干涸的。而這個湖的另一個面是由三個不同世代化石逐漸積累形成的（Cesaracci

49、o，1986）。</p><p>　　撒丁島南面的高原上廢棄的礦山村隨處可見，并且是可以參觀的。這些個礦床發(fā)現(xiàn)于1867年，是第一個利用鉛，鋅等金屬（直到50年代初也使用銀）的礦床。在不久的將來，這個廢墟上進(jìn)行重新規(guī)劃以及建設(shè)最后形成了一個村莊，這成為了該地區(qū)的主要旅游景點(diǎn)，再加上這個地區(qū)地下鐵路的發(fā)現(xiàn)，地下鐵路由一個瀕臨懸崖的地區(qū)，在地下巖石結(jié)構(gòu)中挖掘一個一直往后延伸的洞穴從而成為地下鐵路，在那個時(shí)候這個地下洞

50、穴的形成主要是為了方便出入、運(yùn)輸?shù)V物等等。這個地下鐵路如今已經(jīng)成為一個旅游和文化景點(diǎn)。15年以前，該洞穴入口被迫關(guān)閉，這是為了防止對這個景點(diǎn)的破壞。但這個地下鐵路的開發(fā)，使當(dāng)?shù)氐叵聨r石結(jié)構(gòu)對外顯露出來。尤其是他的化石結(jié)構(gòu)，從而這個美麗的洞穴入口已被當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄗh開始就旅游開發(fā)?，F(xiàn)在在鐵路洞穴的底部，靠近巖石的表面上仍然是鹿骨被發(fā)現(xiàn)（德Waele，2000年）。近些年，經(jīng)過當(dāng)?shù)氐谋O(jiān)測，調(diào)查已經(jīng)完成，洞穴是否會開放給公眾講不是個未知數(shù)。</

51、p><p>　　（二）地質(zhì)環(huán)境監(jiān)測中的幾個例子</p><p>　　在評估對自然環(huán)境和地理環(huán)境等方面的古跡時(shí)，特別是對那些旅游壓力和沖擊最敏感的（egcoastal風(fēng)景，海灘，沙丘和地下水環(huán)境），通常要合理進(jìn)行保護(hù)，在開發(fā)檢測的同時(shí)要注意開發(fā)的程度。若干監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)在該地區(qū)進(jìn)行研究。其中有的監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目是在海灘舉辦的，在過去四年中，地質(zhì)檢測通常和其他旅游檢測項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行合作，并由意大利統(tǒng)籌。</

52、p><p>　　（三）沿海旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展</p><p>　　從沿海旅游到沿海的礦藏開采，這個區(qū)域擁有的地質(zhì)遺跡將成為考古學(xué)以及社會科學(xué)中，最有吸引力的地區(qū)?，F(xiàn)在，這個地區(qū)相當(dāng)多的開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的都是為了吸引游客，因?yàn)槁糜螛I(yè)更能是當(dāng)?shù)赜懈玫陌l(fā)展。雖然如此，但許多其他的工作仍然是必要的，比如礦藏開采等。最近一段時(shí)間，東歐國家根據(jù)規(guī)劃將這個地區(qū)劃分為“棲息地”，目的是修養(yǎng)生息，一邊以后更好的發(fā)展旅游業(yè)

53、。其他的地區(qū)也已被保護(hù)森林法規(guī)或地方國土規(guī)劃而占用。而現(xiàn)今最重要的的，當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)采取行動，并設(shè)定專題徒步路線，并組建當(dāng)?shù)氐难芯亢椭笇?dǎo)小組，建立當(dāng)?shù)氐挠慰椭行?，告知游客?dāng)?shù)氐淖匀粌r(jià)值，地質(zhì)，地貌和歷史，加深游客對當(dāng)?shù)芈糜钨Y源的了解，并保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)芈糜钨Y源。另一個重要的方面是，應(yīng)該加快建立與旅游資源相適應(yīng)的配套設(shè)施：酒店，出租客房，餐廳等，并通過增加設(shè)施的安全性和功能性，同時(shí)造成對沙丘以及典型的植被破壞。</p><p>&

54、lt;b>　　三、結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　撒丁島西南海岸在20年以前被認(rèn)為是最有意義沿海景觀地區(qū)，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦闹饕杖胧菑南嚓P(guān)的旅游、工業(yè)、考古研究等結(jié)合一起，當(dāng)?shù)鼐坝^主要有許多地質(zhì)、自然和文化古跡和的重要性和沿海景觀等，這是一個特殊的海岸景觀。本文提出，可持續(xù)發(fā)展的綜合模式是基于地質(zhì)，地貌，土地覆蓋和土地利用，工業(yè)考古學(xué),土地評估的，并提出了相應(yīng)的對策：1、地質(zhì)保護(hù)區(qū)和自然保護(hù)區(qū)的建立