外文翻譯--我國專用汽車現(xiàn)狀問題與對策

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　Present Existing Problems and Strategies about</p><p>　　Special Purpose Vehicle in China</p><p>　　In today's world, with the rapid dev

2、elopment of economy, the highway mileage of the rapid increase. Steam.The car to specialization, and the fast pace, the trend of the development of the ChongXingHua direction is more and more obvious, contributed to AD.U

3、se the car demand increases year by year. A. has become a transportation and various special purpose of main.B. in the automobile industry, the pivotal status. A special car is to point to put a special feature.With equi

4、pment, have the special </p><p>　　1. the development of specialized automobile in brief </p><p>　　Our country special automobile production is the 1960 s in the military vehicle, fire The founda

5、tion of the vehicle by the developed gradually. In the 70 s, some special automobile manufacturers According to the different national economic sectors need, formed his own product features, and gradually become A certai

6、n categories of backbone enterprise specialized in automotive production. Such as manufacturing semi-trailers hanyang special cars Factory, production powder of special car factory, wu</p><p>　　Fig．1 Special

7、 Purpose Vehicle Production of China from 1998 tO 2006</p><p>　　Our country a special car after 40 DuoNian development, it has 1 million cars in The production ability, constantly optimize the structure of t

8、he company, have a lot of enterprises to participate in international competition Industry, in product variety, class, process equipment, independent research and development capacity and a big lift High, about 60% of th

9、e special automobile production enterprise has complete product research and development system. Some less Some products have reached the</p><p>　　2. our country the existing problems in the development of a

10、 special car </p><p>　　In global terms, our country a special car present a van to turn, ChongXingHua, intelligent, high grade Change, the development trend of the multi-polarization... And with the new indu

11、stry, the incessant, and development, in the AD Door transport and special the homework is more and more obvious superiority, special vehicle market is in fast Speed growth period. But, our country special automobile ind

12、ustry overall and to Europe, the U.S., Japan and other countries and The advanced level of area </p><p>　　1) production enterprise had spread too much </p><p>　　In recent years, the rapid growth

13、 of economy and the rapid construction of expressway, prompting many enterprise Invest in van, tank car to car, dump and special semi-trailer which mainly low, medium The value added products specialized automobile produ

14、ction in, they or expand series, or to increase production. to Make the above all kinds of products are several hundred enterprise production. But the domestic market of use has more High technology content and high valu

15、e-added products, special c</p><p>　　2) product structure is not reasonable </p><p>　　Trucks, buses specialty extent will promote transportation efficiency and the quality of the homework now Hi

16、gh. The 20 th century, ∞ s in many developed countries from truck chassis. Based on IIii adapted to Auto possession of special accounts for about 50% of the trucks quantities, now has been increased to 80% in the four J.

17、 Our country a special car start later, after DuoNian development, although before and already has a life Production scale, become an important part of the automobile indus</p><p>　　3) technology including t

18、he higher product development ability of autonomous </p><p>　　A special car is a kind of high technology products, it will machinery, electronics, hydraulic, chemical, environmental protection On fields of a

19、dvanced technology in a modular integration special automobile chassis, so as to realize Certain specific functions ", so the car production characteristics is high technical requirements and many varieties, Small b

20、atch, market demand change quickly. Foreign exclusive products used car basically brought The advanced technology, related domain product de</p><p><b>　　附錄B</b></p><p>　　我國專用汽車現(xiàn)狀問題與對

21、策</p><p>　　當今世界，隨著經濟的快速發(fā)展，高速公路里程的迅速增加。汽車向專業(yè)化、高速化、重型化方向發(fā)展的趨勢越來越明顯，促使對專用汽車的需求逐年增加。專用車已成為運輸及各種特殊用途的主力車種，在汽車工業(yè)中占有舉足輕重的地位。專用汽車是指裝霞有專用設備、具備專用功能、用于承擔專門運輸任務或專項作業(yè)的汽車，專用汽車的研制、生產和應用不僅在實現(xiàn)專業(yè)化運輸和作業(yè)方面受到社會的，一泛重視和歡迎，而且在提高運輸效

22、率、降低運輸成本、擴大汽車的應用領域等方面都發(fā)揮著極重要的作用。</p><p>　　1）我國專用汽車的發(fā)展簡況</p><p>　　我國專用汽車的生產是20世紀60年代初在軍用改裝車、消防改裝車的基礎卜逐步發(fā)展起來的。70年代，一些專用汽車生產廠家根據(jù)國民經濟各部門的不同需要，形成了自己的產品特色，逐步成為某一門類專業(yè)汽車生產的骨干企業(yè)。如生產半掛車的漢陽特種汽車制造廠、生產粉罐車的武漢

23、專用汽車廠、生產冷藏汽車的鎮(zhèn)江冷藏汽車廠等。80年代，隨著國民經濟的發(fā)展，專用汽車得到了較大的發(fā)展，在汽車行業(yè)中形成廠獨立的專用汽車行業(yè)，并成為經濟建設中的雪要運輸與作業(yè)裝備。1993～1996年間，由于受到國家宏觀經濟調控政策的影響，專用汽車市場發(fā)展一直處于停滯狀態(tài)。1998年以后，周家實行了擴大內需，加大摹本建設投入等一系列積極的財政政策，同時將專用汽車作為汽車行業(yè)發(fā)展的一個重點，擴大了對專用汽車的需求，到2000年，我國國民經濟運

24、行出現(xiàn)重大轉折，經濟進入較高速增長期，專用汽車市場走出低谷。市場容量增大，產銷量持續(xù)上升。2000年我國生產各種專用車(含自卸車、半掛牽引車等)18.01萬輛，占載貨汽車的25％左右。到2006年已達到56．2萬輛．占載貨汽車的40％左右。這表明我國載貨汽車專用化的速度在不斷加快，專用化趨勢越來越明顯</p><p>　　我國專用汽車經過40多年的發(fā)展，目前已經具備100萬輛的年生產能力，企業(yè)結構不斷優(yōu)化，出現(xiàn)了

25、一些能夠參與國際競爭的企業(yè)，在產品品種、檔次、工藝裝備、自主研發(fā)能力等方面有了很大提高，60％左右的專用汽車生產企業(yè)擁有完備的產品研發(fā)體系。有少部分產品已達到國際先進水平。表l為2003～2006年我國專用汽車進出口情況，可以看出。2003年我國專用汽車進口1285輛，出口841輛，出口量占進口量的65％，到2006年，進口量減少到625輛，出口量卻增加到4479輛，出口量是進口量的7．2倍。由此可見，我國專用汽車已經基本實現(xiàn)從進口向出

26、口的轉變。</p><p>　　圖1 1 998—2006年我國專用汽車的生產狀況</p><p><b>　　2）產品結構不合理</b></p><p>　　貨車、客車專用化程度的提高會促進運輸效率與作業(yè)質量的提高。20世紀80年代，在許多發(fā)達國家．從貨車底盤基礎上改裝而來的專用汽車保有量約占載貨車保有量的50％，如今已增至80％。我國專用汽

27、車起步較晚，經過多年的發(fā)展，雖然且前已具有一定的生產規(guī)模，成為汽車工業(yè)的重要組成部分，但我國專用汽車保有量占載貨車保有量仍低于40％。發(fā)達國家載貨類專用汽車產品向重型化、專用功能強、技術含量高的方向發(fā)展，與市場需求較為匹配，品種已超過6 000個，產品結構比較合理，重、中、輕的比例接近3：4：3。我國目前專用汽車品種雖然已達到5 000個，但重、中、輕的比例為2：5：3。由于受公路條件和專用車底盤生產的限制，我國的專用車一直以中型為主。

28、重型專用車的比例明顯偏低，產品結構還不合理，技術與質量水平也良莠不齊。</p><p>　　3）科技含最高的產品缺乏自主開發(fā)能力</p><p>　　專用汽車是一種高技術產品，它將機械、電子、液壓、化工、環(huán)保等各領域的先進技術模塊化地集成在一個專用車底盤上，從而實現(xiàn)一定的特定功能，所以專用車的生產特點是技術要求高、品種多、批量小、市場需求變化快。國外專用車產品基本上都采用了汽車領域的相關先

29、進技術，產品開發(fā)創(chuàng)新很快，能夠最大限度地滿足用戶對專用車的需求。而我國專用車在產量上雖已具備相當規(guī)模，但多數(shù)是勞動密集型的中低技術含量的產品，如半掛車、自卸車。一些技術含量較高的專用汽車產品卻不能生產，只有極少部分企業(yè)通過引進技術和自主開發(fā)達到了較高水平。由于在技術上投入不足，資金缺乏．缺少創(chuàng)新，自主開發(fā)能力弱，導致一些技術含量較高的產品及關鍵零部件仍需進口，如液壓件、泵類、閥類、控制儀表等，因此制約了高水平專用汽車的開發(fā)生產。同時，國