外文翻譯--電梯的負(fù)載特性

1、<p>　　In the article has analyzed the elevator loadcharacteristics, elaborated uses the trapezoid acceleration curve theelevator ideal velocity curve, unifies the frequency changer and thePLC performance, elaborated

2、 the elevator control system constitutionand the operational factor. Elaborated the elevator speed curveproduces the method, has induced the characteristic which designs byPLC constitution control system software.</p&

3、gt;<p>　　Key word: Load characteristics ideal velocity curve control systemsoftware design </p><p>　　文中分析了電梯的負(fù)載特性，闡述了采用梯形加速曲線的電梯理想速度曲線，結(jié)合變頻器和PLC的性能，論述了電梯控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成和工作特性。闡述了電梯速度曲線產(chǎn)生的方法，歸納了由PLC構(gòu)成的控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)的

4、特點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：負(fù)載特性　　理想速度曲線　　控制系統(tǒng)　　軟件設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　1.    Outline</p><p>　　Along with the urban construction unceasing development, thehigh-rise construction unceasingly increases, the elev

5、ator has thewidespread application in the national economy and the life. Theelevator took in the high-rise construction the vertical movementtransportation vehicle already and people's daily life is inseparable.In fa

6、ct the elevator is according to exterior movement and so oncalling signal as well as own control rule, but calls is stochastic,the elevator is a person machine interactiv</p><p><b>　　1.概述</b><

7、/p><p>　　隨著城市建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑不斷增多，電梯在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和生活中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。電梯作為高層建筑中垂直運(yùn)行的交通工具已與人們的日常生活密不可分。實(shí)際上電梯是根據(jù)外部呼叫信號(hào)以及自身控制規(guī)律等運(yùn)行的，而呼叫是隨機(jī)的，電梯實(shí)際上是一個(gè)人機(jī)交互式的控制系統(tǒng)，單純用順序控制或邏輯控制是不能滿足控制要求的，因此，電梯控制系統(tǒng)采用隨機(jī)邏輯方式控制。目前電梯的控制普遍采用了兩種方式，一是采用微機(jī)作為信號(hào)控制單元，

8、完成電梯信號(hào)的采集、運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和功能的設(shè)定，實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的自動(dòng)調(diào)度和集選運(yùn)行功能，拖動(dòng)控制則由變頻器來完成；第二種控制方式用可編程控制器（PLC）取代微機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)集選控制。從控制方式和性能上來說，這兩種方法并沒有太大的區(qū)別。國內(nèi)廠家大多選擇第二種方式，其原因在于生產(chǎn)規(guī)模較小，自己設(shè)計(jì)和制造微機(jī)控制裝置成本較高；而PLC可靠性高，程序設(shè)計(jì)方便靈活，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定可靠等特點(diǎn)，所以現(xiàn)在的電梯控制系統(tǒng)廣泛采用可編程控制器來實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p&

9、gt;<p>　　2.    Elevator ideal performance diagram</p><p>　　Indicated according to the massive research and the experiment, theperson may accept the maximum acceleration is am <= 1.5m

10、/s2,acceleration rate of change rho m <= the 3m/s3, elevator idealperformance diagram may divide according to the acceleration is thetriangle, the trapezoid and the sine profile, As a result of sine profile accelerati

11、on curve realization moredifficult, but the triangle curve maximum acceleration and is startingand applies the brake the section turning point acceleration rate</p><p>　　2.電梯理想運(yùn)行曲線</p><p>　　根據(jù)大量

12、的研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,人可接受的最大加速度為am≤1.5m/s2,　加速度變化率ρm≤3m/s3,電梯的理想運(yùn)行曲線按加速度可劃分為三角形、梯形和正弦波形，由于正弦波形加速度曲線實(shí)現(xiàn)較為困難，而三角形曲線最大加速度和在啟動(dòng)及制動(dòng)段的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)處的加速度變化率均大于梯形曲線，即+ρm跳變到-ρm或由-ρm跳變到+ρm的加速度變化率，故很少采用，因梯形曲線容易實(shí)現(xiàn)并且有良好加速度變化率頻繁指標(biāo)，故被廣泛采用。</p><p>

13、;　　The intelligent frequency changer is for the elevator special-purposefrequency changer request and so on elevator nimble velocitymodulation, control and high accuracy even level which but speciallydesigns, may use for

14、 parts the general three-phase asynchronous motor,and has function and so on intellectualized software, standardconnection, menu prompt, input elevator curve and other essentialparameter. It has the debugging convenience

15、 quickly, moreover can automaticallyrealize the single multilay</p><p>　　智能變頻器是為電梯的靈活調(diào)速、控制及高精度平層等要求而專門設(shè)計(jì)的電梯專用變頻器，可配用通用的三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)，并具有智能化軟件、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口、菜單提示、輸入電梯曲線及其它關(guān)鍵參數(shù)等功能。其具有調(diào)試方便快捷，而且能自動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)單多層功能，并具有自動(dòng)優(yōu)化減速曲線的功能，由其組成的調(diào)

16、速系統(tǒng)的爬行時(shí)間少，平層距離短，不論是雙繞組電動(dòng)機(jī)，還是單繞組電動(dòng)機(jī)均可適用，其最高設(shè)計(jì)速度可達(dá)4m/s，其獨(dú)特的電腦監(jiān)控軟件，可選擇串行接口實(shí)現(xiàn)輸入/輸出信號(hào)的無觸點(diǎn)控制。</p><p>　　變頻器構(gòu)成的電梯系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)變頻器接收到控制器發(fā)出的呼梯方向信號(hào)，變頻器依據(jù)設(shè)定的速度及加速度值，啟動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)，達(dá)到最大速度后，勻速運(yùn)行，在到達(dá)目的層的減速點(diǎn)時(shí)，控制器發(fā)出切斷高速度信號(hào)，變頻器以設(shè)定的減速度將最大速度減至爬行

17、速度，在減速運(yùn)行過程中，變頻器的能夠自動(dòng)計(jì)算出減速點(diǎn)到平層點(diǎn)之間的距離，并計(jì)算出優(yōu)化曲線，從而能夠按優(yōu)化曲線運(yùn)行，使低速爬行時(shí)間縮短至0.3s,在電梯的平層過程中變頻器通過調(diào)整平層速度或制動(dòng)斜坡來調(diào)整平層精度。即當(dāng)電梯停得太早時(shí)，變頻器增大低速度值或減少制動(dòng)斜坡值，反之則減少低速度值或增大制動(dòng)斜坡值，在電梯到距平層位置4—10cm時(shí)，有平層開關(guān)自動(dòng)斷開低速信號(hào)，系統(tǒng)按優(yōu)化曲線實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度的平層，從而達(dá)到平層的準(zhǔn)確可靠。</p>

18、<p>　　3.    Elevator speed curve </p><p>　　Elevator movement comfortableness is decided in its movementprocess acceleration a and the acceleration rate of change p size, theoversized ac

19、celeration or the acceleration rate of change can createpassenger's ill feeling. At the same time, for guaranteed the elevatorthe operating efficiency, a, the p value not suitable excessively issmall. Can guarantee a

20、, the p best value elevator performance diagramis called the elevator the ideal performance diagram. The elevatormovement ideal curve should b</p><p><b>　　3.電梯速度曲線</b></p><p>　　電梯運(yùn)行的

21、舒適性取決于其運(yùn)行過程中加速度a和加速度變化率p的大小，過大的加速度或加速度變化率會(huì)造成乘客的不適感。同時(shí)，為保證電梯的運(yùn)行效率，a、p的值不宜過小。能保證a、p最佳取值的電梯運(yùn)行曲線稱為電梯的理想運(yùn)行曲線。電梯運(yùn)行的理想曲線應(yīng)是拋物線-直線綜合速度曲線，即電梯的加、減過程由拋物線和直線構(gòu)成。電梯給定曲線是否理想，直接影響實(shí)際的運(yùn)行曲線。</p><p>　　3.1    veloc

22、ity curves have the method</p><p>　　Uses FX2-64MR PLC, and a consideration input output requestincreased FX-8EYT, FX-16EYR, the FX-8EYR three expansions modules andthe FX2-40AW twisted pair line corresponden

23、ce adapter, FX2-40AW usesin the system serial communication. Using PLC the expansion functionmodule D/A module realization speed ideal curve output, whenbeforehand the digitized ideal velocity curve stores the PLC regist

24、er,the procedure movement, through looks up the table way to read in D/A,transforms the simulation quantity a</p><p>　　3.1速度曲線產(chǎn)生方法</p><p>　　采用的FX2-64MR　PLC，并考慮輸入輸出點(diǎn)要求增加了FX-8EYT、FX-16EYR、FX-8EYR三

25、個(gè)擴(kuò)展模塊和FX2-40AW雙絞線通信適配器，F(xiàn)X2-40AW用于系統(tǒng)串行通信。利用PLC擴(kuò)展功能模塊D/A模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)速度理想曲線輸出，事先將數(shù)字化的理想速度曲線存入PLC寄存器，程序運(yùn)行時(shí)，通過查表方式寫入D/A，由D/A轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬量后將速度理想曲線輸出。</p><p>　　3.2 Acceleration assign the curve the production</p><p>

26、　　8 D/A outputs 0 ~ 5V/0 ~ 10V, the corresponding numerical valueis 16 enters system several 00 ~ FF, altogether 255 levels. Ifelevator rise time between 2.5 ~ 3 seconds. According to theconservative value computation, i

27、n the elevator acceleration processeach time Zha Biao time-gap not suitably surpasses 10ms. </p><p>　　3.2加速給定曲線的產(chǎn)生</p><p>　　8位D/A輸出0～5V/0～10V，對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)字值為16進(jìn)制數(shù)00～FF，共255級(jí)。若電梯加速時(shí)間在2.5～3秒之間。按保守值計(jì)算，電梯加速過

28、程中每次查表的時(shí)間間隔不宜超過10ms。</p><p>　　As a result of elevator logic control section procedure biggest, butthe PLC movement uses the cyclical scanning mechanism, thus usuallyuses looks up the table method, Zha Biao i

29、nstruction time-gapexcessively is each time long, cannot satisfiedly assign the curve theprecision request. In the PLC movement process, its CPU with variousequipment between exchange of information, user program executi

30、on,signal gathering, control quantity operation and so on output all isdefers to the fixed order to cir</p><p>　　由于電梯邏輯控制部分程序最大，而PLC運(yùn)行采用周期掃描機(jī)制，因而采用通常的查表方法，每次查表的指令時(shí)間間隔過長，不能滿足給定曲線的精度要求。在PLC運(yùn)行過程中，其CPU與各設(shè)備之間的信息交

31、換、用戶程序的執(zhí)行、信號(hào)采集、控制量的輸出等操作都是按照固定的順序以循環(huán)掃描的方式進(jìn)行的，每個(gè)循環(huán)都要對(duì)所有功能進(jìn)行查詢、判斷和操作。這種順序和格式不能人為改變。通常一個(gè)掃描周期，基本要完成六個(gè)步驟的工作，包括運(yùn)行監(jiān)視、與編程器交換信息、與數(shù)字處理器交換信息、與通訊處理器交換信息、執(zhí)行用戶程序和輸入輸出接口服務(wù)等。在一個(gè)周期內(nèi)，CPU對(duì)整個(gè)用戶程序只執(zhí)行一遍。這種機(jī)制有其方便的一面，但實(shí)時(shí)性差。過長的掃描時(shí)間，直接影響系統(tǒng)對(duì)信號(hào)響應(yīng)的效

32、果，在保證控制功能的前提下，最大限度地縮短CPU的周期掃描時(shí)間是一個(gè)很復(fù)雜的問題。一般只能從用戶程序執(zhí)行時(shí)間最短采取方法。電梯邏輯控制部分的程序掃描時(shí)間已超過10ms，盡管采取了一些減少程序掃描時(shí)間的辦法，但仍無法將掃描時(shí)間降到10ms以下。同時(shí)，制動(dòng)段曲線采用按距離原則，每段距離到的響應(yīng)時(shí)間也不宜超過10ms。為滿足系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)性要求，在速度曲線的產(chǎn)生方式中，采用中斷方</p><p>　　The startin

33、g acceleration movement by decides the cycle interruptservice isr to complete. This kind of severance cannot carry on theswitch by the procedure, once establishes, continuously presses thehypothesis time-gap circulation

34、severance, therefore, the startingmovement condition must put in the interrupt service isr, when doesnot satisfy the movement condition, the severance namely returns.</p><p>　　起動(dòng)加速運(yùn)行由定周期中斷服務(wù)程序完成。這種中斷不能由程序進(jìn)行開

35、關(guān)，一旦設(shè)定，就一直按設(shè)定時(shí)間間隔循環(huán)中斷，所以，起動(dòng)運(yùn)行條件需放在中斷服務(wù)程序中，在不滿足運(yùn)行條件時(shí)，中斷即返回。</p><p>　　3.2    Decelerates applies the brake the curve production</p><p>　　In order to guarantee applies the brake proc

36、ess completing,must carry on in the master routine applies the brake the condition tojudge and to decelerate a determination. In decelerates before adetermination, the elevator continuously is in the acceleration or thes

37、teady fast movement process. The acceleration process completes bythe fixed cyclical severance, accelerates after the correspondingpattern maximum value, the acceleration procedure movement conditionno longer satisfies,

38、after each time </p><p>　　3.3減速制動(dòng)曲線的產(chǎn)生</p><p>　　為保證制動(dòng)過程的完成，需在主程序中進(jìn)行制動(dòng)條件判斷和減速點(diǎn)確定。在減速點(diǎn)確定之前，電梯一直處于加速或穩(wěn)速運(yùn)行過程中。加速過程由固定周期中斷完成，加速到對(duì)應(yīng)模式的最大值之后，加速程序運(yùn)行條件不再滿足，每次中斷后，不再執(zhí)行加速程序，直接從中斷返回。電梯以對(duì)應(yīng)模式的最大值運(yùn)行，在該模式減速點(diǎn)到后，

39、產(chǎn)生高速計(jì)數(shù)中斷，執(zhí)行減速服務(wù)程序。在該中斷服務(wù)程序中修改計(jì)數(shù)器設(shè)定值的條件，保證下次中斷執(zhí)行。</p><p>　　在PLC的內(nèi)部寄存器中，減速曲線表的數(shù)值由大到小排列，每次中斷都執(zhí)行一次“表指針加1”操作，則下一次中斷的查表值將小于本次中斷的查表值。門區(qū)和平層區(qū)的判斷均由外部信號(hào)給出，以保證減速過程的可靠性。</p><p>　　4. Elevator control system&l

40、t;/p><p>　　4.1 Elevators control system characteristic </p><p>　　Is relates the elevator movement comfortable feeling target in theelevator performance diagram start section the key link, but theco

41、mfortable feeling with the acceleration direct correlation,according to controls the theory, must cause some quantity accordingto prearrange the rule change to have to carry on the positivegoverning to it, said regarding

42、 the elevator control system, mustcause the acceleration to have to use the acceleration feedbackaccording to the ideal curve change, according to e</p><p>　　4.電梯控制系統(tǒng)4.1電梯控制系統(tǒng)特性</p><p>　　在電梯運(yùn)行曲

43、線中的啟動(dòng)段是關(guān)系到電梯運(yùn)行舒適感指標(biāo)的主要環(huán)節(jié),而舒適感又與加速度直接相關(guān),根據(jù)控制理論,要使某個(gè)量按預(yù)定規(guī)律變化必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行直接控制,對(duì)于電梯控制系統(tǒng)來說,要使加速度按理想曲線變化就必須采用加速度反饋,根據(jù)電動(dòng)機(jī)的力矩方程式:M—MZ=ΔM=J（dn/dt），可見加速度的變化率反映了系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)距的變化，控制加速度就控制系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)距ΔM=M—MZ。故在此段采用加速度的時(shí)間控制原則，當(dāng)啟動(dòng)上升段速度達(dá)到穩(wěn)態(tài)值的90%時(shí)，將系統(tǒng)由加速度

44、控制切換到速度控制，因?yàn)樵诜€(wěn)速段，速度為恒值控制波動(dòng)較小，加速度變化不大，且采用速度閉環(huán)控制可以使穩(wěn)態(tài)速度保持一定的精度，為制動(dòng)段的精確平層創(chuàng)造條件。在系統(tǒng)的速度上升段和穩(wěn)速段雖都采用PI調(diào)節(jié)器控制，但兩段的PI參數(shù)是不同的，以提高系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)指標(biāo)。</p><p>　　Applies the brake the section in the system, namely must to reduce thes

45、peed to carry on the essential control, guarantees the comfortablefeeling, also must strictly controls according to the elevatormovement speed and the distance relations, guarantees the even levelthe precision. In system

46、’s rotational speed reduces to 120r/min in front of, in orderto enable two to obtain the proper attention to both, adopts by theacceleration to the timing control primarily, simultaneously actsaccording to on</p>

47、<p>　　to 120r/min after, this time thetheater box above the level only had several centimeters, The elevatorrunning rate is very low, for did not prevent phenomenon appearancewhich stops to the even level area, ena

48、bles the elevator comparativelyquickly to enter the even level area, uses the proportional control inthis section, and uses the time optimization control, guaranteed theelevator accurately promptly enters the even level

49、area, achieves theaccurate reliable even level.</p><p>　　在系統(tǒng)的制動(dòng)段，即要對(duì)減速度進(jìn)行必要的控制，以保證舒適感，又要嚴(yán)格地按電梯運(yùn)行的速度和距離的關(guān)系來控制，以保證平層的精度。在系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)速降至120r/min之前，為了使兩者得到兼顧，采取以加速度對(duì)時(shí)間控制為主，同時(shí)根據(jù)在每一制動(dòng)距離上實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速與理論轉(zhuǎn)速的偏差來修正加速度給定曲線的方法。例如在距離平層點(diǎn)

50、的某一距離L處，速度應(yīng)降為　Vm/s，而實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速高為V′m/s，則說明所加的制動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)距不夠，因此計(jì)算出此處的給定減速度值-ag后，使其再加上一個(gè)負(fù)偏差ε，即使此處的減速度給定值修正為-（ag+ε）使給定減速度與實(shí)際速度負(fù)偏差加大，從而加大了制動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)距，使速度很快降到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速降到120r/min　以后，此時(shí)轎廂距平層只有十幾厘米，電梯的運(yùn)行速度很低，為防止未到平層區(qū)就停車的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)，以使電梯能較快地進(jìn)入平層區(qū)，在此段采用比例調(diào)節(jié)

51、，并采用時(shí)間優(yōu)化控制，以保證電梯準(zhǔn)確及時(shí)地進(jìn)入平層區(qū)，以達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確可靠平層。</p><p>　　4.2 elevators controls constitution</p><p>　　Because the elevator movement is according to the floor and the theater box calling signal, the travel

52、ling schedule signalcarries on the control, but the floor and the theater box call isstochastic, therefore, the systems control uses the stochastic logicalcontrol. Namely in realizes in the elevator basic control request

53、foundation by the smooth logic control, according to stochastic inputsignal, as well as elevator corresponding condition at the rightmoment control elevator movement. Moreover, t</p><p><b>　　4.2電梯控制構(gòu)成&

54、lt;/b></p><p>　　由于電梯的運(yùn)行是根據(jù)樓層和轎廂的呼叫信號(hào)、行程信號(hào)進(jìn)行控制，而樓層和轎廂的呼叫是隨機(jī)的，因此，系統(tǒng)控制采用隨機(jī)邏輯控制。即在以順序邏輯控制實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的基本控制要求的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)隨機(jī)的輸入信號(hào)，以及電梯的相應(yīng)狀態(tài)適時(shí)的控制電梯的運(yùn)行。另外，轎廂的位置是由脈沖編碼器的脈沖數(shù)確定，并送PLC的計(jì)數(shù)器來進(jìn)行控制。同時(shí)，每層樓設(shè)置一個(gè)接近開關(guān)用于檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的樓層信號(hào)。</p>

55、<p>　　In order to enhance the elevator the operating efficiency peacefullevel precision, the system requests PLC to be able to theater boxCanada, to decelerate as well as to apply the brake to carry on theeffectiv

56、e control. Realizes according to the theater box physicallocation as well as the exchange velocity modulation system controlalgorithm. For the elevator movement security, the system shouldestablish the reliable fail safe

57、 and the corresponding demonstration.Uses the PLC realization the elevato</p><p>　　為便于觀察，對(duì)電梯的運(yùn)行方向以及電梯所在的樓層進(jìn)行顯示，采用LED和發(fā)光管顯示，而對(duì)樓層和轎廂的呼叫信號(hào)以指示燈顯示(開關(guān)上帶有指示燈)。為了提高電梯的運(yùn)行效率和平層的精度，系統(tǒng)要求PLC能對(duì)轎廂的加、減速以及制動(dòng)進(jìn)行有效的控制。根據(jù)轎廂的實(shí)際位

58、置以及交流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的控制算法來實(shí)現(xiàn)。為了電梯的運(yùn)行安全，系統(tǒng)應(yīng)設(shè)置可靠的故障保護(hù)和相應(yīng)的顯示。采用PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)的電梯控制系統(tǒng)由以下幾個(gè)主要部分構(gòu)成?！　?lt;/p><p>　　4.2.1 PLC control circuit; PLC receives shouts the ladder from thepanel board and each level to summon the signal, the the

59、ater boxand the gate system function signal as well as the well and thefrequency changer condition signal, realizes the elevator collectionafter the procedure judgement and the operation to choose the control.PLC during

60、the output demonstration and supervisory signal, sends outthe movement direction, the start, Canada to the frequencychanger/decelerates moves and applies the </p><p>　　4.2.1PLC控制電路；</p><p>　　PLC

61、接收來自操縱盤和每層呼梯的召喚信號(hào)、轎廂和門系統(tǒng)的功能信號(hào)以及井道和變頻器的狀態(tài)信號(hào)，經(jīng)程序判斷與運(yùn)算實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的集選控制。PLC在輸出顯示和監(jiān)控信號(hào)的同時(shí)，向變頻器發(fā)出運(yùn)行方向、啟動(dòng)、加/減速運(yùn)行和制動(dòng)停梯等信號(hào)。</p><p>　　4.2.2 electric currents, speed double closed loops electric circuit;Frequency changer itse

62、lf is equipped with the electric currentdetector set, from this constitution electric current closed loop;Through revolves the encoder with the electrical machinery coaxialjoint, produces a, the b two pulses enters the f

63、requency changer,during confirmation direction, counts the constitution speed closedloop using the pulse.</p><p>　　4.2.2電流、速度雙閉環(huán)電路；</p><p>　　變頻器本身設(shè)有電流檢測(cè)裝置，由此構(gòu)成電流閉環(huán)；通過和電機(jī)同軸聯(lián)接的旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器，產(chǎn)生a、b兩相脈沖進(jìn)入變頻器

64、，在確認(rèn)方向的同時(shí)，利用脈沖計(jì)數(shù)構(gòu)成速度閉環(huán)。</p><p>　　4.2.3 displacements control circuit; The elevator took one kindcarries the person tool, reigns under the potential state of loading,besides request safe reliable, but also re

65、quests the movement to besteady, rides comfortably, anchors accurately. Uses the frequencyconversion to modulate velocity Shuanghuan to control may basicallyanswer the purpose, the use existing revolves the encoder tocon

66、stitute the speed ring at the same time, moves the proportionthrough the frequency changer PG card output </p><p>　　; D - tows the wheel diameter; P - revolves the encoder every time to transfer correspondin

67、g thepulse number; R - PG card frequency division ratio. </p><p>　　4.2.3位移控制電路；</p><p>　　電梯作為一種載人工具，在位勢(shì)負(fù)載狀態(tài)下，除要求安全可靠外，還要求運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，乘坐舒適，?？繙?zhǔn)確。采用變頻調(diào)速雙環(huán)控制可基本滿足要求，利用現(xiàn)有旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器構(gòu)成速度環(huán)的同時(shí)，通過變頻器的PG卡輸出與電機(jī)速度及電梯位移成

68、比例的脈沖數(shù)，將其引入PLC的高速計(jì)數(shù)輸入端口，通過累計(jì)脈沖數(shù)，經(jīng)式（1）計(jì)算出脈沖當(dāng)量，由此確定電梯位置。電梯位移</p><p><b>　　h=SI</b></p><p>　　式中I—累計(jì)脈沖數(shù)；</p><p><b>　　S—脈沖當(dāng)量；</b></p><p>　　S　=　plD　/　(

69、pr)　　　　　　　　?。?）</p><p><b>　　l—減速比；</b></p><p><b>　　D—牽引輪直徑；</b></p><p>　　P—旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器每轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的脈沖數(shù)；</p><p><b>　　r—PG卡分頻比。</b></p><p

70、>　　4.2.4 ends stations protection; When in elevator direction detectionline, on the good directional relay, the express train assistancecontact device, the express train movement contact device, the doorlock relay, on

71、 the good contact device electricity attracts gathers, mechanical floodgate opens, on elevator line. When the theater box bumps intoforces speed changeing the switch, the PLC internal lock saves the relay toresult in the

72、 electricity to attract gathers, timer Tim10, Tim11 startfixed tim</p><p>　　Under when the elevator needs the line, so long as had has chosen theladder instruction, got down the good directional relay to res

73、ult inelectricity its Chang Kaidian closed, the lock saved the relay toreposition, Tim10 and Tim11 lost the electricity, it N.C. contactclosed for the elevator normal under line has prepared for. The lowerextremity stand

74、s the protection principle and the upper extremestation protection similar no longer duplicates.</p><p>　　4.2.4端站保護(hù)；</p><p>　　當(dāng)電梯定向上行時(shí)，上行方向繼電器、快車輔助接觸器、快車運(yùn)行接觸器、門鎖繼電器、上行接觸器均得電吸合，抱閘打開，電梯上行。當(dāng)轎廂碰到上強(qiáng)迫

75、換速開關(guān)時(shí)，PLC內(nèi)部鎖存繼電器得電吸合，定時(shí)器Tim10、Tim11開始定時(shí)，其定時(shí)的時(shí)間長短可視端站層距和梯速設(shè)定。上強(qiáng)迫換速開關(guān)動(dòng)作后，電梯由快車運(yùn)行轉(zhuǎn)為慢車運(yùn)行，正常情況下，上行平層時(shí)電梯應(yīng)停車。如果轎廂未停而繼續(xù)上行，當(dāng)Tim10設(shè)定值減到零時(shí)，其常閉點(diǎn)斷開，慢車接觸器和上行接觸器失電，電梯停止運(yùn)行。在驕廂碰到上強(qiáng)迫換速開關(guān)后，由于某些原因電梯未能轉(zhuǎn)為慢車運(yùn)行，及快車運(yùn)行接觸器未能釋放，當(dāng)Tim11　設(shè)定值減到零時(shí)，其常閉點(diǎn)斷

76、開，快車運(yùn)行接觸器和上行接觸器均失電，電梯停止運(yùn)行。因此，不管是慢車運(yùn)行還是快車運(yùn)行，只要上強(qiáng)迫換速開關(guān)發(fā)出信號(hào)，不論端站其他保護(hù)開關(guān)是否動(dòng)作，借助Tim10和Tim11均能使電梯停止運(yùn)行，從而使電梯端站保護(hù)更加可靠?！　‘?dāng)電梯需要下行，只要有了選梯指令，下行方向繼電器得電其常開點(diǎn)閉合，鎖存繼電器被復(fù)位，Tim10和Tim11均失電，其常閉點(diǎn)閉合為電梯正常下行做好了準(zhǔn)備。下端站的保護(hù)原理與上端站保護(hù)類似不再重復(fù)。</p>

77、<p>　　4.2.5 floors count; The floor counts uses relatively counts the way.Before the movement through from the study way, determines thecorresponding floor highly pulse number, corresponds 17 elevatorsseparately to

78、 store 16 memories units DM06 ~ DM21. The floor counter(CNT46) is a bidirectional counter, when arrives each level the floorcounts, according to moves the direction to carry on adds 1 or reduces1 to count. In the movemen

79、t, the high speed counter tiredly estimates the valuereal-time counts th</p><p>　　4.2.5樓層計(jì)數(shù)；</p><p>　　樓層計(jì)數(shù)采用相對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)方式。運(yùn)行前通過自學(xué)習(xí)方式，測(cè)出相應(yīng)樓層高度脈沖數(shù)，對(duì)應(yīng)17層電梯分別存入16個(gè)內(nèi)存單元DM06～DM21。樓層計(jì)數(shù)器（CNT46）為一雙向計(jì)數(shù)器，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)各層的樓層

80、計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)時(shí)，根據(jù)運(yùn)行方向進(jìn)行加1或減1計(jì)數(shù)。</p><p>　　運(yùn)行中，高速計(jì)數(shù)器累計(jì)值實(shí)時(shí)與樓層計(jì)數(shù)點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的脈沖數(shù)進(jìn)行比較，相等時(shí)發(fā)出樓層計(jì)數(shù)信號(hào)，上行加1，下行減1。為防止計(jì)數(shù)器在計(jì)數(shù)脈沖高電平期間重復(fù)計(jì)數(shù)，采用樓層計(jì)數(shù)信號(hào)上沿觸發(fā)樓層計(jì)數(shù)器?！?lt;/p><p>　　4.2.6 is fast speed changing; When the high speed counter v

81、alue and the fastspeed changing point correspondence pulse number is equal, if the elevator isin the quick operating also this level has chooses the level signal,sends the fast speed changing signal. If the elevator me

82、dium speed movement oralthough the quick operating but this not chooses the level signal,then does not send speed changing the signal. </p><p>　　4.2.6快速換速；</p><p>　　當(dāng)高速計(jì)數(shù)器值與快速換速點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的脈沖數(shù)相等時(shí)，若電梯處于

83、快速運(yùn)行且本層有選層信號(hào)，發(fā)快速換速信號(hào)。若電梯中速運(yùn)行或雖快速運(yùn)行但本層無選層信號(hào)，則不發(fā)換速信號(hào)。</p><p>　　4.2.7 areas signals; When high speed counter CNT47 value correspondsin the pulse number scope when the gate area, sends the gate areasignal.</p

84、><p>　　4.2.7門區(qū)信號(hào)；</p><p>　　當(dāng)高速計(jì)數(shù)器CNT47數(shù)值在門區(qū)所對(duì)應(yīng)脈沖數(shù)范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，發(fā)門區(qū)信號(hào)。</p><p>　　4.2.8 pulses signals failure detection; Pulse signal accurategathering and the transmission appears in the system

85、especiallyimportantly, revolves the encoder for the examination and the pulsetransmission circuit breakdown, whether there is has designed thepulse signal and the errors and omissions pulse examination electriccircuit, g

86、uarantees the system normal operation through the real-timeexamination. In order to eliminate the pulse to count the accumulativeerror, in base station the establishm</p><p>　　4.2.8脈沖信號(hào)故障檢測(cè)；</p><p

87、>　　脈沖信號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確采集和傳輸在系統(tǒng)中顯得尤為重要，為檢測(cè)旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器和脈沖傳輸電路故障，設(shè)計(jì)了有無脈沖信號(hào)和錯(cuò)漏脈沖檢測(cè)電路，通過實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)確保系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行。為消除脈沖計(jì)數(shù)累計(jì)誤差，在基站設(shè)置復(fù)位開關(guān)，接入PLC高速計(jì)數(shù)器CNT47的復(fù)位端。</p><p>　　5. Software design characteristic</p><p>　　5.1 uses the prior

88、ity formation </p><p>　　Position and movement direction locates which according to theelevator, in the programming, has used four priorities formations,namely on good priority formation, on line of inferior

89、priorityformation, under good priority formation, next line of inferiorpriority formation. When among them, on good priority formation forelevator upward movement, locates the upward movement calling signalin the elevato

90、r which above the position the floor sends out, thearray which should call which the signal cabin</p><p>　　5.軟件設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)5.1采用優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列</p><p>　　根據(jù)電梯所處的位置和運(yùn)行方向，在編程中，采用了四個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列，即上行優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列、上行次優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列、下行優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列、下

91、行次優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列。其中，上行優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列為電梯向上運(yùn)行時(shí)，在電梯所處位置以上樓層所發(fā)出的向上運(yùn)行的呼叫信號(hào)，該呼叫信號(hào)所對(duì)應(yīng)的樓層所具有的脈沖數(shù)存放的寄存器所構(gòu)成的陣列。上行次優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列為電梯向上運(yùn)行時(shí)，在電梯所處位置以下樓層所發(fā)出的向上運(yùn)行的呼叫信號(hào)，該呼叫信號(hào)所對(duì)應(yīng)的樓層所具有的脈沖數(shù)存放的寄存器所構(gòu)成的隊(duì)列?？刂葡到y(tǒng)在電梯運(yùn)行中實(shí)時(shí)排列的四個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)陳列，為實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)邏輯控制提供了基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　5.2

92、 uses advanced first leaves the formation</p><p>　　According to elevator movement direction, with to the priorityformation's in non-vanishing unit (has when call this unit is 70units, does not have when

93、call then this unit for zero) (advancedsends in the register formation first to leave formation FIFO), theuse advanced first leaves the read-out instruction SFRDP instruction,sends in the FIFO first unit in data compares

94、 the register. </p><p>　　5.2采用先進(jìn)先出隊(duì)列</p><p>　　根據(jù)電梯的運(yùn)行方向，將同向的優(yōu)先級(jí)隊(duì)列中的非零單元(有呼叫時(shí)此單元為七零單元，無呼叫時(shí)則此單元為零)送入寄存器隊(duì)列(先進(jìn)先出隊(duì)列FIFO)，利用先進(jìn)先出讀出指令SFRDP指令，將FIFO第一個(gè)單元中的數(shù)據(jù)送入比較寄存器。</p><p>　　5.3 uses the st

95、ochastic logical control</p><p>　　When the elevator approaches by some movement direction somefloor decelerates the position, distinguished whether this floor doeshave with to the calling signal (on a line o

96、f call symbolizedregister, next line of call symbolized when register, has callrequest, corresponding register is l, otherwise is 0), if has, thecorresponding register pulse number and the comparison register willcarry o

97、n the comparison, if will be same, then will decelerate in thisfloor stops: If is not same, then sends in t</p><p>　　5.3采用隨機(jī)邏輯控制</p><p>　　當(dāng)電梯以某一運(yùn)行方向接近某樓層的減速位置時(shí)，判別該樓層是否有同向的呼叫信號(hào)(上行呼叫標(biāo)志寄存器、下行呼叫標(biāo)志寄存

98、器、有呼叫請(qǐng)求時(shí)，相應(yīng)寄存器為l，否則為0)，如有，將相應(yīng)的寄存器的脈沖數(shù)與比較寄存器進(jìn)行比較，如相同，則在該樓層減速停車：如果不相同，則將該寄存器數(shù)據(jù)送入比較寄存器，并將原比較寄存器數(shù)據(jù)保存，執(zhí)行該樓層的減速停車。該動(dòng)作完畢后，將被保存的數(shù)據(jù)重新送入比較寄存器，以實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)邏輯控制。</p><p>　　5.4 uses the software demonstration The system use trav

99、elling schedule judgement floor, andtransforms the BCD code output, through hardware connection electriccircuit by LED demonstration. </p><p><b>　　5.4采用軟件顯示</b></p><p>　　系統(tǒng)利用行程判斷樓層，并

100、轉(zhuǎn)化成BCD碼輸出，通過硬件接口電路以LED顯示。</p><p>　　5.5 pair of frequency changers control PLC acts according to the stochastic logical control therequest, may send out to the frequency changer to the movement, thereverse mo

101、vement, is decelerating as well as applies the brake thesignal, again controls the electrical machinery by the frequencychanger basis certain control rule and the control algorithm. At thesame time, when the system appea