機(jī)械專業(yè)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯及原文

1、<p>　　外 文 文 獻(xiàn) 翻 譯</p><p>　　學(xué) 號： 姓 名： </p><p>　　所在系別： 機(jī)械系 專業(yè)班級： 工業(yè)0601 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： </p><p>　　原文標(biāo)題： A

2、More Complete Design Pro/E Delivers All-in-One Companin for iPAQ </p><p>　　年 月 日</p><p>　　一種更加完善的三維設(shè)計（工具/軟件）實現(xiàn)了多功能于一體的COMPANIN for iPAQ</p><p>　　隨著企業(yè)對企業(yè)和企業(yè)對消費者電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展，消費品分配

3、從以生產(chǎn)為中心的模式向以消費為中心的模式改變，移動終端企業(yè)越來越重要。Omnipap,一個掌上終端，通過實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場簽單、支付功能證明了（強(qiáng)化了）這一觀點，它具有辨認(rèn)貨物，數(shù)據(jù)通訊（交換）、票據(jù)打印和其他延伸等功能。</p><p>　　其他的掌上終端只能實現(xiàn)部分功能。用智能卡進(jìn)行電子支付需要一個與票據(jù)打印或條碼掃描不同的裝置。使用多種設(shè)備對那些從辦公室走出來的人來說是不切實際而且極富挑戰(zhàn)的。Omnipap包括一個有

4、50米長紙的票據(jù)打印機(jī)，一個條形碼掃描，一個智能卡和讀卡器，一個電池組和一個通信交換器，全部連接到一個中央處理器組成的，它是一個Compad Ipaq 3630和一個CF卡套。只要一與中央網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接（通過無線或有線），Omnipap就能發(fā)揮象一個移動企業(yè)一樣的作用。</p><p>　　制造一個新的掌上主機(jī)</p><p>　　Pars pro toto,一個比利時設(shè)計公司，被委托制造Omn

5、ipap。經(jīng)過詳細(xì)描述，挑戰(zhàn)變得明確了；把所有功能集于一體將對人機(jī)工程學(xué)（工效學(xué)）有很高的要求。Omnipap是可以整天攜帶的裝置；它能夠適用任何條件。影響設(shè)計的不僅是體積大小，還有重量。Omnipap應(yīng)該可以用一只手拿住，同時另一只手空出來操作屏幕和處理貨物。決定著它的成敗。</p><p>　　我們從使用三維設(shè)計軟件（pro-engineer?可能如此翻譯）設(shè)計內(nèi)部構(gòu)建開始。Compad提供了詳細(xì)的三維設(shè)計組

6、成，供設(shè)計CF卡套使用。最初的裝配被用來做后來裝配的建議。裝置規(guī)范后被打印成真實的大小，以幫助制作最初的模型。最后，模型通過了實地試驗，被用做下一階段設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　最終配置詳細(xì)說明了各個組成部分的布置。外包裝必須緊緊地抱住組成部分，盡量留下最少的空隙。我們使用了ASX，但是很快發(fā)現(xiàn)外界面需要更加自由形態(tài)的設(shè)計。從動力學(xué)方面和復(fù)雜的曲面轉(zhuǎn)換角度，需要更加靈活和強(qiáng)大的工具。</p>

7、<p><b>　　進(jìn)行試驗</b></p><p>　　一個地方轉(zhuǎn)售商提供了兩種解決方法：CDRS和ISDX（交互式曲面設(shè)計）。CDRS是一種繪制一流曲面的工業(yè)試驗解決方法，它是一種獨立的應(yīng)用軟件，迫使我們要學(xué)習(xí)在全新的環(huán)境下工作。而且，我們預(yù)計即使我們學(xué)會使用，也需要經(jīng)常通過ATB從一種軟件換到另一種，這會延緩設(shè)計速度。</p><p>　　同樣的，一種

8、pro-engineer（三維設(shè)計軟件）的試生產(chǎn)版本正在運行。這種版本包括一種新的特點叫做風(fēng)格特點。（style feature）。這種交互式曲面設(shè)計或ISDX到來的正是時候。雖然仍在試用版本，ISDX與pro-engineer具有相同的穩(wěn)定性。</p><p>　　經(jīng)過短暫的培訓(xùn)，Pars pro toto公司開始使用ISDX;我們是歐洲第一家在工業(yè)設(shè)計項目中使用這種如今的工作。因為設(shè)計變化能很快地被反饋到模型

9、上，設(shè)計時間被大大縮短了。ISDX還能幫助我們繪制負(fù)責(zé)的曲面轉(zhuǎn)換中所需要的錯綜復(fù)雜、連續(xù)的彎曲。內(nèi)部組成部分與外包裝之間隨時可以清晰地觀察到，這充分保障了材料的厚度能夠充分和緊密地環(huán)繞內(nèi)部部分。</p><p><b>　　同時（協(xié)作）設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　同時Omnipap的核心，iPAQ套下面的打印部分也在完善。在這個設(shè)計過程韓總，各部分經(jīng)常改變位置和

10、大小。一些材料可能被另外的功能更強(qiáng)或更新的部件所代替。這種輕便技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不斷地使各組成部分更加精致和精巧（?。＝Y(jié)果，我們再三面臨重大設(shè)計變更。幸運的是pro-engineer和ISDX具有的先進(jìn)的、強(qiáng)大的功能使我們能夠快速更改設(shè)計。</p><p>　　當(dāng)立體模型完成后，能夠清楚得展現(xiàn)在眼前的東西成功說服了潛在投資者支持這一項目。同時，工程部門給模型做了外殼。工作同時進(jìn)展。</p><p&g

11、t;<b>　　試驗?zāi)Ｐ?lt;/b></p><p>　　時間緊迫；在設(shè)計的幾個階段，我們使用了不同的快速原型技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了一些中間模型。在固體模型建好之后，立即建造了立體模型以便評估花樣和表面性質(zhì)。模型也為適應(yīng)人力環(huán)境學(xué)的測試而進(jìn)行了整修。經(jīng)過敏銳的（關(guān)鍵的）FMEA評估分析后，設(shè)計進(jìn)程花樣翻新。下一步是設(shè)計功能模型。pro-engineer再次帶給我們適當(dāng)?shù)腟TL模型。在原型階段，pro-eng

12、ineer提供了試生產(chǎn)系列所需的模型，成功鎖門了投資者支持這一項目。</p><p><b>　　使用ISDX</b></p><p>　　設(shè)計階段的第一個里程碑后，終端的組成結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰明顯，顧客也認(rèn)可了它的款式。我們制定了規(guī)劃，開始繪制定義組成Omnipap典型形狀的邊界邊緣（邊界棱）。這些粗糙的大綱被逐漸細(xì)化成了設(shè)計成長所需的模板。在pro-engineer里，

13、使用外觀編輯器，這些圖畫被繪制在三個相應(yīng)的通信面上。讓人驚奇的是保證了尺寸和比例不變。</p><p>　　第一批畫好的部分之一是背后的球形（蛋形）部分，抓住紙卷和打印機(jī)的部分，這也是Omnipap的主要部件。原型部分用ASX畫表面。但是切割面沒有精密的空間約束。ISDX幫助我們繪制了紙卷和打印機(jī)所需要的足夠自由的切割面。同時，設(shè)計還需兼顧外面。對表面的修改成為簡單的事情，秩序拖動制高點和把手接觸點。并且，當(dāng)IS

14、DX顯示的四個視窗之一有活性時，就能輕松實現(xiàn)紙上畫的曲線與樣品一致。</p><p>　　因為Compad iPAQ 3630 和它的外套聯(lián)結(jié)太緊密，我們使用pro-engineer的幾何復(fù)制特性來增加表面和曲線，這樣能幫助我們在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上增加新的切面時實現(xiàn)無縫聯(lián)結(jié)。不斷的相切和彎曲約束使我們能很快評估保持光滑連續(xù)約束的表面質(zhì)量的改進(jìn)。很多邊界曲線，當(dāng)時還沒有很清楚地定義，也能用ISDX畫出，因為在三維空間直接畫

15、曲線和修改非常容易。</p><p>　　ISDX的缺點之一是，不能在四邊定義之外再創(chuàng)造其他面。（如果我們的消息正確的話，這個問題將在新的pro-engineer版本中得到解決。）幸運的是，存在幾個工作區(qū)。我們使用的適合三角面。我們用一個可控制曲線將一個角與對邊聯(lián)結(jié)，剩余兩條邊將另兩條曲線與這一曲線相連。用這種方法，一個三角形片被分成四角形（四邊形），這樣ISDX就可以創(chuàng)建適當(dāng)?shù)拿媪?。必須注意保證最終的形狀光滑連

16、續(xù)。</p><p>　　ISDX是一個很棒的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計工具。它能在不使用其他應(yīng)用軟件的條件下，用交互式的方式很快評估出設(shè)計變化。繪面和擰面的方便，將連續(xù)相切和曲線完美地聯(lián)結(jié)，使得ISDX成為滿足美學(xué)和技術(shù)雙重需要的選擇。我們期待著pro-engineer新版本擁有更加強(qiáng)大的功能。 </p><p>　　A More Complete Design Pro/E Delivers

17、 All-in-One Companin for iPAQ</p><p>　　As B2B and B2C enterpries destributing consumer goods move from a production-centric a cust into omer-entric business modle,mobile enterprise are becoming more importan

18、t.Omnipap-a handheld terminal-addresses this issue by combining the functionality needed for on -site billing and payment, identification of goods,data communication,ticket printing and extended autonomy.</p><

19、p>　　Other handheld terminal solutions only provide partial functionality.With those devices electronic payment with smart cards require a different device than do ticket printers or barcode scanners.The use of multipl

20、e machines is impractical and challenging for those whose work takes them away from the office .The Omnipad is a device that combines a ticket printer with a 50-meter paper roll , a barcode scnner , a smart card and swip

21、e card reader, a battery pack and a communications device-all conne</p><p>　　Building a New Handheld </p><p>　　Pars pro toto ,a Belgian design firm , was commissioned to build the Omnipad . Afte

22、r specifications were defined ,the challenge became clear ; combining all the functionality into one object would put heavy constraints on ergonomics . The Omnipad is a device that is carried all day ; it must suit vario

23、us conditions .Factors influencing the design were not only the size of the parts , but also their combined weight .The Omnipad needed to be held in one hand while the other hand remained free to o</p><p>　　

24、We started the project by drawing internal components in Pro/ENGINEER .Compad provided detailed Pro/E NGNEER parts used in its CF-card sleeve design .An initial assembly was used for subsequent configuration proposal . C

25、onfigurations that passed specifications were printed in real size to serve as a modeling aid for preliminary foam mock-ups . Eventually one mock-up passed the field tests and was used as the basis for the next design ph

26、ase .</p><p>　　The final configuration defined the optimal placement for the components . An outer casing tightly packed the components , leaving as little space as possible between the components and the ca

27、sing .We started with the Advanced Surface Extension (ASX) module of Pro/ENGNEER 2000i2 , but it soon became clear that to design the bounding surfaces with more freedom , a complete free-form design solution was needed

28、.The dynamic aspect of design and the complex surface transitions (especially in the han</p><p>　　Taking a Test Drive </p><p>　　A local reseller offered two solutions : CDRS and ISDX .While CDR

29、S is an industry-proven solution for drawing A-class surfaces ,it is a seperate application that would have forced us to learn to work in an entirely new environment .In addition ,we anticipated that frequently shifting

30、from one application to another , even if well implemented through the ATB , would slow down design process.</p><p>　　Coincidentally , a pre-production version of Pro/ENNGNEER 2001 was shipping at the time

31、. This version included a new feature called the style feature . This interactive surface design extension or ISDX arrived just in time . Although still in pre-production ,ISDX had the same stability and roubstness as Pr

32、o/ENGNEER Foundation . </p><p>　　After a short training period ,Pars pro toto began using ISDX ; we were the first in Europe to apply this feature in an industrial design project . Design time was significan

33、tly shortened because changes were reflected immediately in the model . ISDX also helped us draw the intricate curvature continuous curves needed for the complex surface transitions. The clearance between the components

34、and the surface envelope was observed at all times to ensure that material thickness was sufficient and t</p><p>　　Concurrent Enigneering</p><p>　　Meanwhile the core of the Omnipap, a printed b

35、oard positioned directly under the iPAQ sleeve, was in development. During this design process, components often changed location and size. Something they were replaced with other components that performent better or off

36、ered new functionalities. The portable technology sector tends to continuously refine and reduce component size. As a result, our firm repeatedly was confronted wuth serious design changes. Fortunately the parametric nat

37、ure of Pro/EN</p><p>　　Once a solid modle was finished, the visualization department made photo-realistic presentations to convince potential investors to back the project. At the same time, the engineering

38、 department made shells of the colid models. Work progressed simultaneously.</p><p>　　Testing the Model</p><p>　　Timing was critical; at several stages of the design process intermediary models

39、were created using different rapid prototyping techniques. Immediately after shelling and splitting the solid model, a stereolithographic model was built to assess styling and surface properties. The model also was refit

40、ted to accommodate ergonomic tests. After conducting an acute FMEA analysis, finding were retrofitted in the design process. The next phase was to build a functional model; Pro/ENGINEER again deliver</p><p>

41、　　Using ISDX</p><p>　　After a first design milestond, the comphonents configuration was evident and customer approved the accompanying styling. The layout was printed and we started drawing defining boundary

42、 edges that made up the typical from of the Omnipaq. These coarse outlines were digitized to serve as a template from which the design could grow. In Pro/ENGINEER, these drawings were mapped, onto three surface-one for e

43、ach of the corresponding planes – using the Appearance Editor. Much scare was taken to ensure t</p><p>　　One of the first features drawn was the egg-shaped element in the back, which holds the paper roll and

44、 the printer, and is one of the main characteristics of the Omnipap. The circular portion of the shape was drawn using ASX with mapped surface as an underlay. But the cutting surface had no exact dimensional constraints

45、. ISDX helped us to draw a free-form surface, which required enough clearance, for a paper roll and printer. At the same time, the design had to look good from the outside. Any m</p><p>　　Because the Compaq

46、iPAQ 3630 and its sleeve are so tightly intergrated into the design, we used Pro/ENGINEER’s copy geometry feature to add surface and curves that would help us to seamlessly align newly created surface to existing ones. T

47、he tangency align and curvature continuious constraints allowed us to quickly assess alterations in surface quality while retaining a smooth continuous constraints. Many of the bondary curves, which were at that time not

48、 clearly defined, also were drawn in ISDX</p><p>　　One of the drawbacks of ISDX, however, is the inability to create other surfaces besides the ones definded by four boundaries. (If we are informed correctly

49、, this issue should be solved in the new Pro/ENGINEER version Wildfire.) Fortunately some workarounds exist. The one we used is suitable for triangular surface. We stared by connecting a corner to the opposite side by sk

50、etching a projected control curve. Tow other curves connect this curve with the two remaining sides. In this way, a triangul</p><p>　　ISDX is a great tool for product designers. It allows then to quickly ass

51、ess design variations in an interactive way without using other applications. The ease of drawing and tweaking surface, while perfectly maintaning tangency or curvature continuity, make ISDX the tool of choice for aesthe