模具外文翻譯---模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造

1、<p><b>　　模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造</b></p><p>　　模具是制造業(yè)的重要工藝基礎(chǔ)，在我國(guó)模具制造屬于專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)。中國(guó)雖然很早就開(kāi)始制造模具和使用模具，但長(zhǎng)期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期，中國(guó)模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)氚l(fā)展的快車道。近年，不僅國(guó)有模具企業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展，三資企業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（個(gè)體）模具企業(yè)的發(fā)展也相當(dāng)迅速。 雖然中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但與需求相比，顯然供不

2、應(yīng)求，其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具領(lǐng)域。由于在模具精度、壽命、制造周期及生產(chǎn)能力等方面，中國(guó)與國(guó)際平均水平和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍有較大差距，因此，每年需要大量進(jìn)口模具。 中國(guó)模具產(chǎn)業(yè)除了要繼續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)能力，今后更要著重于行業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的提高。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面，主要是企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向?qū)I(yè)化調(diào)整，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)向著中高檔模具發(fā)展，向進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)的改進(jìn)，中高檔汽車覆蓋件模具成形分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、多功能復(fù)合模具和復(fù)合加工及激光技術(shù)

3、在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造上的應(yīng)用、高速切削、超精加工及拋光技術(shù)、信息化方向發(fā)展。 近年，模具行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和體制改革步伐加大，主要表現(xiàn)在，大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命、中高檔模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件發(fā)展速度高于一般模具產(chǎn)品；塑料模和壓鑄模比例增大；專業(yè)模</p><p>　?。?）總量供不應(yīng)求，國(guó)內(nèi)模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低檔模具供過(guò)于求，中高檔模具自配率只有50%左右。 </p><p>　?。?/p>

4、2）企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)均不合理 。我國(guó)模具生產(chǎn)廠中多數(shù)是自產(chǎn)自配的工模具車間（分廠），自產(chǎn)自配比例高達(dá)60%左右，而國(guó)外模具超過(guò)70%屬商品模具。專業(yè)模具廠大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的組織形式，而國(guó)外大多是“小而專”、“小而精”。國(guó)內(nèi)大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的模具占總量比例不足30%，而國(guó)外在50%以上。2004年，模具進(jìn)出口之比為3.7:1，進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá)13.2億美元，為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國(guó)

5、家。</p><p>　　（3）模具產(chǎn)品水平大大低于國(guó)際水平，生產(chǎn)周期卻高于國(guó)際水平 產(chǎn)品水平低主要表現(xiàn)在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、壽命及結(jié)構(gòu)等方面。 </p><p>　　（4）開(kāi)發(fā)能力較差，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益欠佳，我國(guó)模具企業(yè)技術(shù)人員比例低，水平較低，且不重視產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)，在市場(chǎng)中經(jīng)常處于被動(dòng)地位。我國(guó)每個(gè)模具職工平均年創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)值約合1萬(wàn)美元，國(guó)外模具工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家大多是15～20萬(wàn)美元，有的高達(dá)25

6、～30萬(wàn)美元，與之相對(duì)的是我國(guó)相當(dāng)一部分模具企業(yè)還沿用過(guò)去作坊式管理，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)管理的企業(yè)較少。</p><p>　　造成上述差距的原因很多，除了歷史上模具作為產(chǎn)品長(zhǎng)期未得到應(yīng)有的重視，以及多數(shù)國(guó)有企業(yè)機(jī)制不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之外，還有下列幾個(gè)原因： </p><p>　　（1）國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)的政策支持力度還不夠，雖然國(guó)家已經(jīng)明確頒布了模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，但配套政策少，執(zhí)行力度弱。目前

7、享受模具產(chǎn)品增值稅的企業(yè)全國(guó)只有185家，大多數(shù)企業(yè)仍舊稅負(fù)過(guò)重。模具企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造引進(jìn)設(shè)備要繳納相當(dāng)數(shù)量的稅金，影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步，而且民營(yíng)企業(yè)貸款十分困難。 </p><p>　?。?）人才嚴(yán)重不足，科研開(kāi)發(fā)及技術(shù)攻關(guān)投入太少，模具行業(yè)是技術(shù)、資金、勞動(dòng)密集的產(chǎn)業(yè)，隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，掌握并且熟練運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的人才異常短缺，高級(jí)模具鉗工及企業(yè)管理人才也非常緊張。由于模具企業(yè)效益欠佳及對(duì)科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)重視

8、不夠，科研單位和大專院校的眼睛盯著創(chuàng)收，導(dǎo)致模具行業(yè)在科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)方面投入太少，致使模具技術(shù)發(fā)展步伐不大，進(jìn)展不快。 </p><p>　?。?）工藝裝備水平低，且配套性不好，利用率低，近年來(lái)我國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)進(jìn)步較快，已能提供比較成套的高精度加工設(shè)備，但與國(guó)外裝備相比，仍有較大差距。雖然國(guó)內(nèi)許多企業(yè)已引進(jìn)許多國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備，但總體的裝備水平比國(guó)外許多企業(yè)低很多。由于體制和資金等方面的原因，引進(jìn)設(shè)備不配套，設(shè)備與附

9、件不配套現(xiàn)象十分普遍，設(shè)備利用率低的問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)期得不到較妥善的解決。 </p><p>　　（4）專業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、商品化程度低，協(xié)作能力差，由于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)受“大而全”“小而全”影響，模具專業(yè)化水平低，專業(yè)分工不細(xì)致，商品化程度低。目前國(guó)內(nèi)每年生產(chǎn)的模具，商品模具只占40%左右，其余為自產(chǎn)自用。模具企業(yè)之間協(xié)作不暢，難以完成較大規(guī)模的模具成套任務(wù)。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平低，模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋率低也對(duì)模具質(zhì)量、成本有較大影響，特別

10、是對(duì)模具制造周期有很大影響。 </p><p>　?。?）模具材料及模具相關(guān)技術(shù)落后，模具材料性能、質(zhì)量和品種問(wèn)題往往會(huì)影響模具質(zhì)量、壽命及成本，國(guó)產(chǎn)模具鋼與國(guó)外進(jìn)口鋼材相比有較大差距。塑料、板材、設(shè)備性能差，也直接影響模具水平的提高。</p><p>　　目前，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于高速發(fā)展階段，國(guó)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯，這為我國(guó)模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。一方面，國(guó)內(nèi)模具市

11、場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)高速發(fā)展，另一方面，模具制造也逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn)行模具采購(gòu)趨向也十分明顯。因此，放眼未來(lái)，國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的模具市場(chǎng)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)前景看好，預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)模具將在良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下得到高速發(fā)展，我國(guó)不但會(huì)成為模具大國(guó)，而且一定逐步向模具制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列邁進(jìn)?！笆晃濉逼陂g，中國(guó)模具工業(yè)水平不僅在量和質(zhì)的方面有很大提高，而且行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品水平、開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)的體制與機(jī)制以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方面也會(huì)取得較大發(fā)展。 模具技術(shù)集合

12、了機(jī)械、電子、化學(xué)、光學(xué)、材料、計(jì)算機(jī)、精密監(jiān)測(cè)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)等諸多學(xué)科，是一個(gè)綜合性多學(xué)科的系統(tǒng)工程。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是模具產(chǎn)品向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù)雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展，模具產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量不斷提高，模具制造周期不斷縮短，模具生產(chǎn)朝著信息化、無(wú)圖化、精細(xì)化、自動(dòng)化的方向發(fā)展，模具企業(yè)向著技術(shù)集成化、設(shè)備精良化、產(chǎn)批品牌化、管理信息化、經(jīng)營(yíng)國(guó)際化的方向發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　模具行業(yè)在“十一五”期間需要

13、解決的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)應(yīng)是模具信息化、數(shù)字化技術(shù)和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技術(shù)方面的突破，隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和工業(yè)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，各行各業(yè)對(duì)模具的需求量越來(lái)越大，技術(shù)要求也越來(lái)越高。雖然模具種類繁多，但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要，又有較高技術(shù)含量，特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚不能自給，需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的種類、數(shù)量、水平、生產(chǎn)集中度等對(duì)整個(gè)模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展有重大影響。因此，一些重要的模具標(biāo)

14、準(zhǔn)件也必須重點(diǎn)發(fā)展，而且其發(fā)展速度應(yīng)快于模具的發(fā)展速度，這樣才能不斷提高我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平，從而提高模具質(zhì)量，縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期，降低成本。由于我國(guó)的模具產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占有較大的價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此對(duì)于出口前景好的模具產(chǎn)品也應(yīng)作為重點(diǎn)來(lái)發(fā)展。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品，而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來(lái)的產(chǎn)品。</p><p><b&

15、gt;　　Die trend</b></p><p>　　1. Mold CAD / CAE / CAM being integrated, three-dimensional, intelligent and network direction</p><p>　　(1) Mold software features integrated</p><p&g

16、t;　　Die software features of integrated software modules required relatively complete, while the function module using the same data model, in order to achieve Syndicated news management and sharing of information to sup

17、port the mold design, manufacture, assembly, inspection, testing and production management of the entire process to achieve optimal benefits. Series such as the UK Delcam's software will include a surface / solid ge

18、ometric modeling, engineering drawing complex geometry, advanced ren</p><p>　　(2) Mold design, analysis and manufacture of three-dimensional</p><p>　　Two-dimensional mold of traditional structur

19、al design can no longer meet modern technical requirements of production and integration. Mold design, analysis, manufacturing three-dimensional technology, paperless software required to mold a new generation of three-

20、dimensional, intuitive sense to design the mold, using three-dimensional digital model can be easily used in the product structure of CAE analysis, tooling manufacturability evaluation and CNC machining, forming process

21、simulation and i</p><p>　　(3) Mold software applications, networking trend</p><p>　　With the mold in the enterprise competition, cooperation, production and management, globalization, internatio

22、nalization, and the rapid development of computer hardware and software technology, the Internet has made in the mold industry, virtual design, agile manufacturing technology both necessary and possible. The United Stat

23、es in its "21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy" that the auto industry by 2006 to achieve agile manufacturing / virtual engineering solutions to automotive dev</p><p>　　2. mold testing,

24、processing equipment to the precise, efficient, and multi-direction</p><p>　　(1) mold testing equipment more sophisticated, efficient</p><p>　　Sophisticated, complex, large-scale mold developmen

25、t, testing equipment have become increasingly demanding. Precision Mould precision now reached 2 ~ 3μm, more domestic manufacturers have to use Italy, the United States, Japan and other countries in the high-precision c

26、oordinate measuring machine, and with digital scanning. Such as Dongfeng Motor Mould Factory not only has the capacity 3250mm × 3250mm Italian coordinate measuring machine, also has a digital photography optical sc

27、anner, the fir</p><p>　　(2) CNC EDM</p><p>　　Japan Sodick linear motor servo drive using the company's AQ325L, AQ550LLS-WEDM have driven fast response, transmission and high positioning accu

28、racy, the advantages of small thermal deformation. Switzerland Chanmier company NCEDM with P-E3 adaptive control, PCE energy control and automatic programming expert systems. Others also used the powder mixed EDM machin

29、ing technology, micro-finishing pulse power and fuzzy control (FC) technologies.</p><p>　　(3) high-speed milling machine (HSM)</p><p>　　Milling is an important means of cavity mold. The low-tem

30、perature high-speed milling with the workpiece, cutting force is small, smooth processing, processing quality, processing efficiency (for the general milling process 5 to 10 times) and can process hard materials (<60H

31、RC) and many other advantages. Thus in the mold processing more and more attention. Ruishikelang company UCP710-type five-axis machining center, machine tool positioning accuracy up to 8μm, home-made closed-loop vector

32、 cont</p><p><b>　　模具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</b></p><p>　　1.模具CAD/CAE/CAM正向集成化、三維化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展</p><p>　?。?）模具軟件功能集成化</p><p>　　模具軟件功能的集成化要求軟件的功能模塊比較齊全，同時(shí)各功能模塊采用同一數(shù)據(jù)模型，以實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的綜合管

33、理與共享，從而支持模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造、裝配、檢驗(yàn)、測(cè)試及生產(chǎn)管理的全過(guò)程，達(dá)到實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳效益的目的。如英國(guó)Delcam公司的系列化軟件就包括了曲面/實(shí)體幾何造型、復(fù)雜形體工程制圖、工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)高級(jí)渲染、塑料模設(shè)計(jì)專家系統(tǒng)、復(fù)雜形體CAM、藝術(shù)造型及雕刻自動(dòng)編程系統(tǒng)、逆向工程系統(tǒng)及復(fù)雜形體在線測(cè)量系統(tǒng)等。集成化程度較高的軟件還包括：Pro/ENGINEER、UG和CATIA等。國(guó)內(nèi)有上海交通大學(xué)金屬塑性成型有限元分析系統(tǒng)和沖裁模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)；

34、北京北航海爾軟件有限公司的CAXA系列軟件；吉林金網(wǎng)格模具工程研究中心的沖壓模CAD/CAE/CAM系統(tǒng)等。</p><p>　　（2）模具設(shè)計(jì)、分析及制造的三維化</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的二維模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)已越來(lái)越不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)和集成化技術(shù)要求。模具設(shè)計(jì)、分析、制造的三維化、無(wú)紙化要求新一代模具軟件以立體的、直觀的感覺(jué)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)模具，所采用的三維數(shù)字化模型能方便地用于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的CAE分析、

35、模具可制造性評(píng)價(jià)和數(shù)控加工、成形過(guò)程模擬及信息的管理與共享。如Pro/ENGINEER、UG和CATIA等軟件具備參數(shù)化、基于特征、全相關(guān)等特點(diǎn)，從而使模具并行工程成為可能。另外，Cimatran公司的Moldexpert，Delcam公司的Ps-mold及日立造船的Space-E/mold均是3D專業(yè)注塑模設(shè)計(jì)軟件，可進(jìn)行交互式3D型腔、型芯設(shè)計(jì)、模架配置及典型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。澳大利亞Moldflow公司的三維真實(shí)感流動(dòng)模擬軟件Moldfl

36、owAdvisers已經(jīng)受到用戶廣泛的好評(píng)和應(yīng)用。國(guó)內(nèi)有華中理工大學(xué)研制的同類軟件HSC3D4.5F及鄭州工業(yè)大學(xué)的Z-mold軟件。面向制造、基于知識(shí)的智能化功能是衡量模具軟件先進(jìn)性和實(shí)用性的重要標(biāo)志之一。如Cimatron公司的注塑模專家軟件能根據(jù)脫模方向自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生分型線和分型面，生成與制品相對(duì)應(yīng)的型芯和型腔，實(shí)現(xiàn)模架零件的全相關(guān)，自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生材料明細(xì)表</p><p>　?。?）模具軟件應(yīng)用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化趨勢(shì)</

37、p><p>　　隨著模具在企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、合作、生產(chǎn)和管理等方面的全球化、國(guó)際化，以及計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得在模具行業(yè)應(yīng)用虛擬設(shè)計(jì)、敏捷制造技術(shù)既有必要，也有可能。美國(guó)在其《21世紀(jì)制造企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略》中指出，到2006年要實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車工業(yè)敏捷生產(chǎn)/虛擬工程方案，使汽車開(kāi)發(fā)周期從40個(gè)月縮短到4個(gè)月。</p><p>　　2. 模具檢測(cè)、加工設(shè)備向精密、高效和多功能方向發(fā)展</p>

38、<p>　?。?）模具檢測(cè)設(shè)備的日益精密、高效</p><p>　　精密、復(fù)雜、大型模具的發(fā)展，對(duì)檢測(cè)設(shè)備的要求越來(lái)越高?，F(xiàn)在精密模具的精度已達(dá)2～3μm，目前國(guó)內(nèi)廠家使用較多的有意大利、美國(guó)、日本等國(guó)的高精度三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)，并具有數(shù)字化掃描功能。如東風(fēng)汽車模具廠不僅擁有意大利產(chǎn)3250mm×3250mm三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)，還擁有數(shù)碼攝影光學(xué)掃描儀，率先在國(guó)內(nèi)采用數(shù)碼攝影、光學(xué)掃描作為空間三維信息的

39、獲得手段，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了從測(cè)量實(shí)物→建立數(shù)學(xué)模型→輸出工程圖紙→模具制造全過(guò)程，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了逆向工程技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用。這方面的設(shè)備還包括：英國(guó)雷尼紹公司第二代高速掃描儀(CYCLON SERIES2)可實(shí)現(xiàn)激光測(cè)頭和接觸式測(cè)頭優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，激光掃描精度為0.05mm，接觸式測(cè)頭掃描精度達(dá)0.02mm。另外德國(guó)GOM公司的ATOS便攜式掃描儀，日本羅蘭公司的PIX-30、PIX-4臺(tái)式掃描儀和英國(guó)泰勒?霍普森公司TALYSCAN150多傳感三維掃描

40、儀分別具有高速化、廉價(jià)化和功能復(fù)合化等特點(diǎn)。</p><p>　?。?）數(shù)控電火花加工機(jī)床</p><p>　　日本沙迪克公司采用直線電機(jī)伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)的AQ325L、AQ550LLS-WEDM具有驅(qū)動(dòng)反應(yīng)快、傳動(dòng)及定位精度高、熱變形小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。瑞士夏米爾公司的NCEDM具有P-E3自適應(yīng)控制、PCE能量控制及自動(dòng)編程專家系統(tǒng)。另外有些EDM還采用了混粉加工工藝、微精加工脈沖電源及模糊控制(FC)

41、等技術(shù)。</p><p>　?。?）高速銑削機(jī)床(HSM)</p><p>　　銑削加工是型腔模具加工的重要手段。而高速銑削具有工件溫升低、切削力小、加工平穩(wěn)、加工質(zhì)量好、加工效率高(為普通銑削加工的5～10倍)及可加工硬材料(<60HRC)等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因而在模具加工中日益受到重視。瑞士克朗公司UCP710型五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工中心，其機(jī)床定位精度可達(dá)8μm，自制的具有矢量閉環(huán)控制電主軸，最

42、大轉(zhuǎn)速為42000r/min。意大利RAMBAUDI公司的高速銑床，其加工范圍達(dá)2500mm×5000mm×1800mm，轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)20500r/min，切削進(jìn)給速度達(dá)20m/min。HSM一般主要用于大、中型模具加工，如汽車覆蓋件模具、壓鑄模、大型塑料等曲面加工，其曲面加工精度可達(dá)0.01mm。</p><p>　　The mold designing and manufacturing<

43、/p><p>　　The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already star

44、ts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years,

45、not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three in</p><p>　　Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of dem

46、and, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international av

47、erage horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .</p><p>　　The Chinese mold industry must continue to sharpen the productivi

48、ty, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment,

49、the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpos</

50、p><p>　　The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and

51、 the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase;

52、 "The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The join</p><p>　　Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has

53、the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity main

54、ly display in following several aspects:</p><p>　　(1) The total quantity falls short of demand </p><p>　　Domestic mold assembling one rate only, about 70%. Low-grade mold, center upscale mold as

55、sembling oneself rate only has 50% about.</p><p>　　(2) the enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gather</p>&

56、lt;p>　　in our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%,

57、 but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is "large and complete", "small and entire" organization form, but overseas mostly is "small but",

58、 "is specially small and fine". Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts </p><p>　　(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standard</p>

59、<p>　　The production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure.</p>&

60、lt;p>　　(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion low</p><p>　　The level is lower, also does not take the product develop

61、ment, and is frequent in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately, ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,

62、 000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10, 000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the

63、mo</p><p>　　To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned en

64、terprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .</p><p>　　(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficiently</p><p>　　Alth

65、ough the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nat

66、ion 185; the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affe

67、cts the technology advancement, moreover privately opera</p><p>　　(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine </p><p

68、>　　mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exception

69、ally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and

70、 the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the univer</p><p>　　(3) The craft equipment level is low, also is not good, the using factor is low. Recent years ,our country engine bed profession pr

71、ogressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many

72、overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so o</p><p>　　(4) Specialization, standardization, commerciali

73、zed degree low, the cooperation ability </p><p>　　Because receives "large and complete" "small and entire" the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized lab

74、or division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% about, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the molds enterprise coopera

75、tes impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter u</p><p>　　(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material a

76、nd the mold correlation technology fall </p><p>　　The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced moldi

77、ng tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement.</p><p>　　At present, our count

78、ry economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our cou

79、ntry mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational gro

80、up to our country carries on the mold p</p><p>　　The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network a

81、nd so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, precise, more complex and a more economica

82、l direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly redu</p><p>　　Mold profession in "十15" period needs to solve the key essential

83、technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough </p><p>　　Along

84、with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is

85、 also high.</p><p>　　Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still cou

86、ld not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. Standard letter type, quantity, level and the production of